GB2331185A - Antenna arrangement - Google Patents
Antenna arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2331185A GB2331185A GB8306154A GB8306154A GB2331185A GB 2331185 A GB2331185 A GB 2331185A GB 8306154 A GB8306154 A GB 8306154A GB 8306154 A GB8306154 A GB 8306154A GB 2331185 A GB2331185 A GB 2331185A
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- Prior art keywords
- axis
- antenna
- lens
- arrangement according
- antenna arrangement
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
- H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
Abstract
A receiving and/or transmitting antenna arrangement has a dielectric lens (20), a reflector (30) at a surface of the lens and a planar, circular array (10) of antenna elements. The lens and reflector have rotational symmetry about an axis CC centred on, and normal to, the array to form a folded path for radiation. In fig. 1b the lens is generally annular, and in the alternative embodiment of fig. 8 it is generally conical. The lens and reflector create a reception and/or transmission response characteristic for the arrangement; each component in the characteristic is angularly distributed around, and similarly inclined to the axis. The antenna arrangement finds application in a fuse. In this context each element in the array may be used in conjunction with an adjustable range gate.
Description
: 1: 2331185 ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT This invention relates to an antenna
arrangement and it relates especially. although not exclusively to an antenna arrangement for use in a fuze.
Range retraction systems have been developed to reduce the susceptibility of a fuze to false triggering due to returns from ground and sea clutter. In the case of a fuze having a single conical beam providing 360 0 azimuthal coverage, such range retraction introduces a significant reduction in achievable detection sensitivity against very low flying targets, such as sea-skimming missiles.
It is an object of this invention to provide an antenna arrangement which finds application, for example, in a fuze and serves to alleviate the above-described problem.
Accordingly there is provided an antenna arrangement comprising a dielectric lens, a reflective surface and an antenna, the dielectric lens, the reflective surface and the antenna all having rotational symmetry about a common axis and being so arranged relative to one another that the antenna has a response pattern around said common axis. The antenna arrangement may comprise a planar antenna array having a plurality of antenna elements, a dielectric lens and a reflective surface wherein the dielectric lens and the reflective surface have rotational symmetry about an axis normal to the plane of the array and are so arranged relative to one another and to the array that each element in the antenna array has a response pattern in a respective direction around said axis.
The reflective surface may be formed by a layer of a reflective material at the surface of a recess in said lens, centred on said axis. The recess may be conical or it may be faceted thereby reducing interference from side lobes at respective elements. The elements in the antenna array may be arranged in a circle or a plurality of concentric circles around said axis.
The lens may be generally in the form of a disc having a thickness which decreases radially inwards towards said axis.
The antenna arrangement may be used to receive and or transmit radiation and may include a transmitter comprising a first dielectric lens and a first reflective surface having rotational symmetry about a common axis, and a source of radiation on said axis, and a receiver comprising a planar antenna array, a second dielectric lens and a second reflective surface, the second lens and second reflective surface having rotational symmetry about an axis normal to the plane of the array and being arranged relative to one another and to the array such that each element in the antenna array has a response pattern in a respective direction around said axis. Alternatively the reflective surface may be adapted so as to be capable of transmitting or reflecting radiation in dependence on the polarisation of the radiation, and a transmitter is located on said axis on the side of said reflective surface remote from the array.
: 3 0 The antenna arrangement may be used as a fuze, each element in the antenna array being associated with a respective range gate.
Particular embodiments of the invention will now be describedg by way of example onlyg by reference to the accompanying drawings of which, Figures la and lb show plan and side elevation sectional views of an antenna arrangement, Figures 2a to 2c represent different configurations of 10 antenna array, Figure 3 shows the response patterns corresponding to four elements on the antenna array, Figures 4a and 4b show side elevation and plan views of a faceted insert used to form the reflective surface of the 15 antenna arrangement, Figure 5 shows a plan view of a faceted recess having curved sides, Figures 6a and 6b illustrate a segmented lens, Figure 7 represents range retraction when the antenna 20 arrangement is used as a fuze in a missile, Figure 8 shows an alternative form of antenna arrangement, Figure 9 shows another configuration of the antenna arrayg Figures 10a and 10b show an antenna arrangement having separate transmit and receive components, Figure 11a shows a combined transmit and receiver antenna array, Figure 11b shows schematically the transmit and receive beam produced by the array of Figure 11a, and Figures 12a and 12b illustrate schematically a common antenna arrangement used as a transmitter and receiver.
Figures la and lb show respectively plan and side elevation sectional views of an antenna arrangement used as a receiver.
It comprises three main components, namely a planar antenna array 10, a dielectric lens 20 and a reflecting surface 30.
The antenna array is circular in this example and comprises a plurality of individual receiver elements spaced apart at regular intervals around the centre. As shown by way of example in Figures 2a and 2b the elements may be respectively linear or crossed dipoles formed by evaporation, say, on a dielectric substrate of a ceramic, for example. Alter natively, as shown in Figure 2c patch resonators could be used. Eight receiver elements are shown in the illustrated examples and these may typically be >V2 wide and spaced apart by 3/4,, being the effective wavelength for this geometry, although clearly other antenna configurations are possible. An array having a monolithic structure could be used, for example, and this may be fabricated using known IC techniques as described, for example, in "Monolithic Integration of a Dielectric Millimetre Wave Antenna and Mixer Diode - An Embryonic Millimetre Wave IC" by Yao and Schwarz, IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory and Techniques VOL MTT 30 No. 8 August 1982 p 1241-1246.
Referring again to Figures la and lb the dielectric lens 20 has rotational symmetry about the central axis CC normal to the plane of the antenna array and in this example is in the form of a disc of a thickness decreasing radially inwards towards the centre where it is shaped to support the planar array. The lens may be of aluminay barium nonatitanate (Ba 2 Ti 9 0 20) or polystyrene loaded with titanuim, although other suitable materials known in the art could be used. The reflecting surface 30 also has rotational symmetry about axis CC and is formed by a layer of a reflective material such as copper or gold covering the surface of a conical recess 31 in the lens centred on axis CC. Alternatively the layer may be applied at the surface of a conical insert dimensioned to fill the recess. As shown by the three exemplary rays R, radiation passing through the lens is reflected at surface 30 and directed towards the antenna array where it is focussed. Each receiver element in the array produces a response pattern in the form of a lobe extending in a substantially radial direction at a respective angle around axis CC. This is illustrated in the plan view of Figure 3 which represents the four lobes L 1 L 4 associated with antenna elements 1-4. It is apparent that, in this example, neighbouring lobes overlap and in general this may not be desirable. However, by applying appropriate phase shifts to signals received at consecutive groups of receiver elements (e.g. 1, 21 3; 2, 3, 4 etc.) it is possible to combine the corresponding lobes to synthesise non overlapping lobes L cl, L C2 : 6:
When a conical reflecting surface is used it is possible that radiation from a side lobe may be received at the respective receiver element and this too may be undesirable. However, the problem may be alleviated if the recess has a faceted rather than a conical shape, the number of facets being equal to the number of receiver elements. As before, the wall of the recess may be metallised to form a reflective surface although alternatively the recess could be fitted with a metalised insert of complementary shape. Side elevation and plan views of an insert having ten facets are shown in Figures 4a and 4b.
Additional focussing of radiation onto a respective receiver element can be achieved if individual facets are curved in a plane normal to axis CC, as illustrated in the plan view of Figure 5.
It will be understood that a faceted recess of the above-described kind which is symmetrical on rotation about axis 0 CC through successive finite angles (3 n for a recess having n facets) is also referred to herein as having rotational symmetry.
Lobe isolation within the lens can be improved if the lens is divided into the same number of segments as there are facets, as shown in the plan view of Figure 6a. This can be implemented by fabricating the lens with an appropriate number 25 of segmentation lattices in the form of metal grids or meshes. One such lattice is illustrated in the sectional view of Figure 6b taken on the line AA in Figure 6a.
: 7:
The antenna arrangements described hereinbefore find particular, although not exclusive, application in fuzing. The antenna may for example be mounted in the body of a missile so that the axis CC lies on the roll (i. e. longitudinal) axis of the missile. In these circumstances the lobes associated with the receiver elements in the antenna array extend radially in respective directions around the roll axis. Each element in the array may be provided individually with a range gating circuit which provides for range retraction and thus renders the element insensitive to clutter as may be presented, for example, by the land or sea. This is illustrated diagramatically in Figure 7 which shows an end on view of the missile body and how the range within which each element is sensitive is set individually in dependence on the clutter present.
An arrangement of this kind in which each element in the array is provided with its own range gate, independently adjustable, affords improvement in overall detection sensitivity as compared with hitherto known arrangements. In a typical missile application the lens may be 50-100 mm in diameter and the antenna array may be 10-20 mm in diameter. Three especially desirable operating frequencies are 22 GHz,60 GHz and 200 GHz which could result in a maximum of 10, 17 and 30 lobes having beam widths of 36 0 7 21 0 and 12 0 respectively.
For high speed target engagements a forward looking, nose-mounted fuze may be more satisfactory and a sectional view through the nose, in a plane containing the roll axis of the : 8:
missile, is shown in Figure 8. In this case the lens is shaped so as to conform generall y to the nose of the missile and, as before, has rotational symmetry about the central axis CC of the planar antenna array 10 buried within the lens. The reflecting surface 30 has a generally fluted profile and directs radiation passing through the lens onto the array. With a configuration of this kind each element in the array has a forward looking response pattern.
The receiver elements in the array may be arranged in a circle, as before; however if they are arranged in a number of concentric rings, as shown in Figure 9, an equal number of beaffi having different elevation anglesq (relative to axis CC) are produced at each roll angle. Information then derived from returns can be used to estimate the relative velocity and crossing angles of the missile and target. These parameters would be used to set an appropriate fuzing delay and allow the vulnerable parts of the target to pass into the most effective zone of the warhead. Alternatively, the imaging capability in the receiver could be used to monitor the shape of the target as it passes the fuze. Identification of the essential target features would allow selection of the most vulnerable point on the missile trajectory and then initiation of the warhead at the appropriate time. Both of these techniques would increase the lethality of the missile.
It will be appreciated that while an antenna arrangement of the present invention can be used in fuzing systems it also has : 9:
other applicationsq for example in direction finding. radar warning receivers, surveillance and communication. Moreover, although the antenna arrangement has been described in relation to a receiver it will be understood that by suitably feeding the antenna elements with microwave or millimetric wave radiation the arrangement may be used as a transmitter, or alternatively an active radar comprising a transmitter and receiver can be constructed. The transmitterand receiver may comprise individual transmit and receive antenna arrangements as shown in the embodiments of Figures 10a and 10b, although alternatively a common antenna arrangement may be used. The individual antenna arrangements (of Figures 10) comprises identical lenses 20, 201 and identical reflective surfaces 30, 301 and are used to provide 360 0 antenna coverage around the axis of symmetry CC of the arrangement. The transmitter source may be a single device whose power is spread around axis CC of the reflective surface providing 360 0 coverage, or alternatively for higher sensitivity an antenna array comprising a plurality of radiating elements could be used. If desired the reflective surface may be faceted and the lens may be segmented. The transmit and receive beams could be parallel, as in Figure 10a, or convergent as in Figure 10b. Figure 10b shows a radar having crossed transmit and receive beams which provide additional out-of-range rejection for fuzing applications. Furthermore, this configuration also provides higher Electronic Counter Measure (ECM) protection since jamming signals in the direction of the 10:
main transmitted beam may not be detected efficiently by the receiver. It will be appreciated that the transmit antenna arrangement described above in relation to figures 10 could be used on its own solely as a transmitter.
If a common antenna arrangement is used a combined transmit/receive antenna array, of the form shown by way of example in Figure 11a, could be used. A dielectric lens and reflective surface, of the kind described hereinbefore, focuses radiation onto a plurality of receive elements R distributed circumferentially to provide a multiple lobe pattern having 360 0 coverage. Interleaved between each pair of adjacent elements is a transmit element T. The corresponding transmit and receive patterns are shown schematically in Figure 11b. By arranging that adjacent receive beams overlap the interleaved transmit beam it is possible to provide full 360 0 coverage around axis CC of the antenna arrangement.
Figures 12a and 12b illustrates another example of a common antenna arrangement used for transmit and receive. The antenna receive elements are distributed on a common substrate in a circular array as before. However, the conical reflective surface in the lens as constructed as a partially reflecting surface which reflects radiation of one polarisation and transmits radiation of the orthogonal polarisation. The reflective surface may be constructed, for example, with a number of circular metallic rings spaced apart relative to one another along axis CC as shown at 121 in Figure 12a. Each ring is in a plane perpendicular to axis CC. With this arrangement the receive elements shown, by way of example, at R in Figure 12b respond to horizontally polarised radiation reflected at the surface and a transmitter T of vertically polarised radiation placed on axis CC within the conical reflective surface will radiate through the reflective surface with minimum loss. if, as shown, the transmitter is located at the position of the image of the receive elements then the transmitted and received beams are coincident.
12:
Claims (14)
1. An antenna arrangement comprising a dielectric lens, a reflective surface and an antenna, the dielectric lens, the reflective surface and the antenna all having rotational symmetry about a common axis abd being so arranged relative to one another that the antenna has a response pattern around said common axis.
2. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 1 comprising a planar antenna array, a dielectric lens and a reflective surface wherein the dielectric lens and the reflective surface have rotational symmetry about an axis normal to the plane of the array and are so arranged relative to one another and to the array that each element in the antenna array has a response pattern in a respective direction around said axis.
3. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 2 wherein said reflective surface is formed by a layer of reflective material at the surface of a recess in said lens, centred on said axis.
4. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 3 wherein the recess is conical. 20
5. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 3 wherein the recess is faceted.
6. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 5 wherein each facet of the recess is curved in a plane normal to said axis thereby to enhance focussing of radiation.
7. An antenna arrangement according to any one of Claims 2 to 6 wherein said planar antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a circle around said axis.
8. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 7 wherein said planar antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a number of concentric circles around said axis.
9. An antenna arrangement according to any preceding Claim wherein the lens is generally in the form of a disc having a thickness which decreases radially inwards towards said axis.
10. An antenna arrangement according to any preceding claim for receiving andor transmitting radiation.
11. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 10 including a transmitter comprising a first dielectric lens and a first reflective surface having rotational symmetry about a common axis, and a source of radiation on said axis, and a receiver comprising a planar antenna array, a second dielectric lens and a second reflective surface, the second lens and second reflective surface having rotational symmetry about an axis normal to the plane of the array and being arranged relative to one another and to the array such that each element in the antenna array has a response pattern in a respective direction around said axis.
12. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 10 wherein the reflective surface is adapted so as to be capable of transmitting or reflecting radiation in dependence on the polarisation of the radiation, and a transmitter is located on said axis on the side of said reflective surface remote from the array.
13. A fuze comprising an antenna arrangement according to any one of Claims 1 to 12 and an adjustable range gate associated with each antenna element in said arrangement.
14. A fuze substantially as herein described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
14. An antenna arrangement substantially as herein described by reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
15. A fuze substantially as herein described.
WB/WN 115, Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 1. A rcoeiving andlor transmitting antenna arrangement including a dielectric lens having rotational symmetry about an axis and a reflector at. or immediately adjacent to, a surface of said lens and having rotational symmetry about said axis, said reflector and said lens cooperating with a planar distribution of antenna elements to create a reception andlor transmission response characteristic for said arrangement wherein radiation propQgating in the lens is reflected at said reflector towards andlor away from said distribution of antenna elements, said response characteristic having components angularly distributed aroundy and all similarly inclined to said axis, each angular component being associated with a respective element or group of adjacent elements.
2. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 1 wherein said dielectric lens and said reflector have rotational symmetry about an axis normal to the plane of said distribution of antenna elements.
3. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein said reflector comprises a layer of a reflective material at the surface of a recess in said lens, centred on said axis.
4. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 3 wherein said recess is conical.
5. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 3 wherein 25 said recess is faceted.
: 14:
6. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 5 wherein each facet of said recess is curved in a plane normal to said axis thereby to enhance focussing of radiation.
7. An antenna arrangement according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 wherein said antenna elements are distributed on a circle centred on said axis.
8. An antenna arrangement according to Claim 7 wherein said antenna elements are distributed on a plurality of circles centred on said axis.
9. An antenna arrangement according to any preceding Claim wherein the lens is generally in the tom of a disc having a thickness which decreases radially inwards towards said axis.
10. An antenna arrangement according to any one of Claims 1 to 9 including a transmitter comprising a first dielectric lens having rotational symmetry about a first axis, a first reflector at, or immediately adjacent to a surface of said first lens and having rotational symmetry about said first axis, and a source of radiation on said first axis; and a receiver comprising a second dielectric lens having rotational symmetry about a second axis and a second reflector atl or immediately adjacent to a surface of said second lens and having rotational symmetry about said second axis, said second reflector and said second lens cooperating with a planar distribution of antenna elements to create a reception response characteristic wherein radiation propagating in said second lens is reflected at said second reflector towards said distribution of antenna elements i and said response characteristic has components angularly distributed around, and all similarly inclined to said second axis, each angular component being associated with a respective element or group of adjacent elements.
11. An antenna arrangement according to any one of Claims 1 to 9 wherein said reflector is adapted to be capable of transmitting or reflecting radiation in dependence on the polarisation of the radiation and a transmitter is located on said axis on the side of the reflector remote from the said planar distribution of antenna elements.
12. A fuze comprising an antenna arrangement according to any one of Claims 1 to 11 and an adjustable range gate associated with each antenna element or group of adjacent antenna elements in said arrangement.
13. An antenna arrangement substantially as herein described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8306154A GB2331185B (en) | 1983-03-05 | 1983-03-05 | Antenna arrangement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8306154A GB2331185B (en) | 1983-03-05 | 1983-03-05 | Antenna arrangement |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2331185A9 GB2331185A9 (en) | |
| GB8306154D0 GB8306154D0 (en) | 1999-04-07 |
| GB2331185A true GB2331185A (en) | 1999-05-12 |
| GB2331185B GB2331185B (en) | 1999-09-22 |
Family
ID=10539090
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8306154A Expired - Fee Related GB2331185B (en) | 1983-03-05 | 1983-03-05 | Antenna arrangement |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2331185B (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001006595A2 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2001-01-25 | Celletra Ltd. | Active antenna array configuration and control for cellular communication systems |
| WO2006122040A2 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-16 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Antenna |
| WO2007141561A1 (en) * | 2006-06-10 | 2007-12-13 | Roke Manor Research Limited | Antenna array |
| US7358913B2 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2008-04-15 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Multi-beam antenna |
| US7605768B2 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2009-10-20 | TK Holdings Inc., Electronics | Multi-beam antenna |
| GB2550693A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-29 | Wal Mart Stores Inc | Wide angle planar antenna assembly |
| GB2524761B (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2018-09-12 | Canon Kk | Wireless transceiver using an electromagnetic lens antenna |
| GB2526484B (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-10-10 | Walmart Apollo Llc | Wide angle planar antenna assembly |
| US10181651B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-01-15 | Walmart Apollo, Llc | Wide angle planar antenna assembly |
| WO2022180378A1 (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2022-09-01 | Oxford Rf Solutions Ltd | Multi-directional transducer system |
| EP4106106A1 (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-12-21 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Antenna arrangement, transceiver arrangement and communication system |
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| GB688374A (en) * | 1948-09-02 | 1953-03-04 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Improvements in or relating to dielectric antennae |
| GB1004318A (en) * | 1960-12-19 | 1965-09-15 | Western Electric Co | Improvements in or relating to radio antennas and feeds therefor |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001006595A3 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2001-11-22 | Celletra Ltd | Active antenna array configuration and control for cellular communication systems |
| WO2001006595A2 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2001-01-25 | Celletra Ltd. | Active antenna array configuration and control for cellular communication systems |
| US7994996B2 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2011-08-09 | TK Holding Inc., Electronics | Multi-beam antenna |
| US7358913B2 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2008-04-15 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Multi-beam antenna |
| US7605768B2 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2009-10-20 | TK Holdings Inc., Electronics | Multi-beam antenna |
| US7800549B2 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2010-09-21 | TK Holdings, Inc. Electronics | Multi-beam antenna |
| WO2006122040A2 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-16 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Antenna |
| WO2006122040A3 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2007-06-07 | Automotive Systems Lab | Antenna |
| US7898480B2 (en) | 2005-05-05 | 2011-03-01 | Automotive Systems Labortaory, Inc. | Antenna |
| WO2007141561A1 (en) * | 2006-06-10 | 2007-12-13 | Roke Manor Research Limited | Antenna array |
| GB2526484B (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-10-10 | Walmart Apollo Llc | Wide angle planar antenna assembly |
| US10181651B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-01-15 | Walmart Apollo, Llc | Wide angle planar antenna assembly |
| US10756439B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-08-25 | Walmart Apollo, Llc | Wide angle planar antenna assembly |
| GB2524761B (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2018-09-12 | Canon Kk | Wireless transceiver using an electromagnetic lens antenna |
| GB2550693A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-29 | Wal Mart Stores Inc | Wide angle planar antenna assembly |
| GB2550693B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2020-10-07 | Walmart Apollo Llc | Wide angle planar antenna assembly |
| WO2022180378A1 (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2022-09-01 | Oxford Rf Solutions Ltd | Multi-directional transducer system |
| EP4106106A1 (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-12-21 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Antenna arrangement, transceiver arrangement and communication system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2331185A9 (en) | |
| GB2331185B (en) | 1999-09-22 |
| GB8306154D0 (en) | 1999-04-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19991222 |