GB2319042A - Flame spray coating of continuous casting machine components - Google Patents

Flame spray coating of continuous casting machine components Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2319042A
GB2319042A GB9623344A GB9623344A GB2319042A GB 2319042 A GB2319042 A GB 2319042A GB 9623344 A GB9623344 A GB 9623344A GB 9623344 A GB9623344 A GB 9623344A GB 2319042 A GB2319042 A GB 2319042A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
coating
ceramo
continuous casting
wall component
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9623344A
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GB2319042B (en
GB9623344D0 (en
Inventor
Philip Anthony Lavin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LWN Ltd
Original Assignee
Monitor Coatings and Engineers Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Monitor Coatings and Engineers Ltd filed Critical Monitor Coatings and Engineers Ltd
Priority to GB9714452A priority Critical patent/GB2320034B/en
Priority to GB9623344A priority patent/GB2319042B/en
Publication of GB9623344D0 publication Critical patent/GB9623344D0/en
Priority to DK97911364T priority patent/DK0946778T3/en
Priority to AT97911364T priority patent/ATE204615T1/en
Priority to DE69706317T priority patent/DE69706317T2/en
Priority to PT97911364T priority patent/PT946778E/en
Priority to AU48775/97A priority patent/AU4877597A/en
Priority to ES97911364T priority patent/ES2163139T3/en
Priority to PCT/GB1997/003073 priority patent/WO1998021379A1/en
Priority to JP52229398A priority patent/JP2001504162A/en
Priority to EP97911364A priority patent/EP0946778B1/en
Publication of GB2319042A publication Critical patent/GB2319042A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2319042B publication Critical patent/GB2319042B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/059—Mould materials or platings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B22D11/1243—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling by using cooling grids or cooling plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

A coating consisting of ceramo-metallic material, e.g. WC-Co, is applied to an internal surface of a mould wall component or a grid plate by flame spraying. On the mould wall component the coating thickness increases from an upper region to a lower region. On the grid plate the coating is in the form of an array of islands. A ceramic slurry is then applied and fired to produce a ceramic coating which is partially removed to produce a composite ceramo-metallic and ceramic surface which is then bonded and densified. The ceramic slurry may contain a chromium compound capable of being converted into chromium oxide at temperatures of at least 300{C. The composite surface may then be impregnated with a solution of at least one soluble compound capable of being converted, on heating, into an insoluble substance which bonds the coatings. The soluble compound may be selected from chromia and phosphate forming compounds.

Description

COATING OF CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE COMPONENTS This invention relates to the coating of components used in the continuous casting of ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
The topmost stage of a continuous casting machine is composed of a hollow box made up of side plates and end plates (and sometimes a central divider), usually of copper, which are water cooled. At the initial stage of casting a plug or dummy bar is positioned at the bottom of the mould and molten metal is poured into the mould from a ladle via a tundish. The water-cooled copper walls of the mould and the cold surface of the plug create a thin solidified skin which contains the molten material. As the molten metal continuous to solidify, the plug is slowly withdrawn downwards from the mould zone whilst the level of molten material at the top of the mould is maintained by continuously adding further molten material. A mould powder may be added simultaneously, to form a layer on the surface of the molten metal.
As the plug or dummy bar and the solidifying slab or strand to which it is now attached leaves the mould zone, it then enters a grid plate zone. The grid plates are usually made of cast iron or steel. Each grid plate comprises several raised "fingers" with surfaces which are in contact with the chilled skin of the slab and which continue to constrain the solidifying slab to the requisite cross-sectional shape whilst cooling water is continuously sprayed onto the surface of the slab in between the fingers. During the time of this transfer of the slab from the mould and through the grid plate zone, the thickness of the chilled skin is increasing.
The slab then passes further on down through the machine through a series of guides and rolls, which continue to constrain the slab to the designed shape. Whilst passing down the casting machine the plane of the slab is gradually changed from a vertical direction to a horizontal direction until the fully solidified but still hot slab emerges on a conveyor table at the bottom of the machine, where it is cut to the requisite length.
The surfaces of both the mould components and the grid plates are subject to severe wear due to the abrasive, adhesive, and erosive wear mechanisms induced by the high ferrostatic pressures, the high temperatures, and the formation of oxide skins and exacerbated by the entrainment of extraneous third body particles. In a relatively short time, these components become so worn that they are unable to constrain the slab to the correct size and shape. The casting campaign then has to be terminated whilst new or refurbished parts are fitted. Thus the severe wear of these critical components limits the casting time and therefore the efficiency of the continuous casting process. There is, therefore, a need for a coating that is capable of withstanding the aggressive high temperature wear environment thus extending the length of the normal continuous casting campaign.
The present invention provides a method of coating the surfaces of such components, comprising the following step: (a) applying a coating, consisting of one or more layers, by flame spraying; and also the following sequential steps: (b) applying a ceramic slurry to the first coating; (c) heating the ceramic slurry to form a second ceramic coating (d) removing excess ceramic coating to produce a composite surface; (e) impregnating the composite surface with a solution of at least one soluble compound capable of being converted, on heating, into an insoluble substance which bonds the coatings; and (f) heating the coatings to cause bonding and densification of the coatings by the said substance.
In one aspect, the coatings are applied to an intemal surface of a continuous casting mould, i.e. a surface which confines the metal being cast.
In another aspect, the coatings are applied to strand-constraining surfaces of a grid plate.
Step (e) preferably comprises impregnating the composite surface with a solution of at least one chromia or phosphate forming compound.
The final ceramic coating is preferably a so-called Monitox coating, which is achieved by applying to a substrate a slurry containing a chromium compound capable of being converted into a chromium oxide and/or a chromium phosphate at temperatures of at least 250"C, heating the slurry to produce a porous ceramic coating, and then densifying and bonding the coating by one or more process cycles comprising impregnating the porous coating with at least one chromia or phosphate forming solution, removing excess impregnant, and heating. Such a technique is described in GB-A-1 466 074, for example.
The first coating may be any cermet (ceramo-metallic) coating but is preferably a tungsten carbide cobalt coating and is preferably applied in several successive layers.
The flame spraying process is preferably a high velocity oxygen-liquid fuel process which is often referred to as an HVOF process. This process is a commercially available flame spraying process in which fuel and oxygen are combusted in a specially designed chamber which is connected to a water-cooled tube or nozzle at the combustion chamber exit. The combustion products are accelerated down the nozzle, constituting a gun or torch. Powdered materials of closely controlled sizes are metered into the gun and are thus accelerated and heated as they pass along the hot high-velocity gas stream. Upon impacting with the substrate at a specific distance from the gun the particles are splat-quenched and build up upon each other and the substrate to form a highly bonded and dense coating. Various coatings can be produced in this manner but a tungsten carbide 17% cobalt coating is the preferred coating for applying to the casting machine components.
All flame sprayed coatings to a greater or lesser degree contain micro-cracks or fissures which are the result of the quench stresses generated as the hot high velocity particles impact upon the substrate, Sometimes these micro-cracks can be extremely small, to such an extent that they are very difficult to discern using normal metallographic techniques. However, these very small cracks can propagate throughout the entire coating under the superimposed thermally and mechanically generated stresses and unless they can be effectively 'locked' or 'keyed' the coating will eventually fail by progressive spallation. The Monitox coating process induces the growth of oxides within these very small fissures and thus creates a resistance to crack propagation.
The Monitox coating is applied in an aqueous slurry form containing various oxides and chemicals. This layer is then dried and heated (up to 5000C) and at this stage is 'soft' in that it is a collection of hard particles which are not very well bonded to each other or to the substrate. Thus, at this stage, excess coating can easily be removed by scraping or sanding operations so as to reveal the peaks of the underlying tungsten carbide coating which, in the 'as sprayed' condition, exhibits a coarse surface somewhat like a coarse sandpaper. Thus, a relatively smooth composite surface can be produced which comprises areas of ceramic and carbide material. This composite surface is then further densified and hardened by a cyclic process of impregnation and further heat treatment; for example from 3 to 10 cycles of impregnation and heat treatment can be required.
When applying the composite coating to the mould components it has been found to be surprisingly beneficial to deposit the first coating to a tapered thickness profile from the top of each component to the bottom. The hottest region of the end and side plates is at the top at the meniscus zone. The inventor believes that making the coating thin in this area accommodates and withstands the high thermal stresses imposed in this area. The inventor also believes that making the coating thicker towards the lower end of the walls resists ferrostatic pressures and prevents the underlying ductile material from deforming under the applied load; if the coating is too thin in this area, deformation of the material allows the now unsupported and brittle tungsten carbide material to crack, and then these cracks can be propagated along any layers of weakness within the coating or along the coating/substrate interface, eventually causing the coating to spall from the copper surface. A suitable variable coating thickness profile has been found to be a substantially linear increase from 0.08 mm (0.003 inch) at the top to 0.46 mm (0.018 inch) at the bottom, although other thickness variations may be preferred depending upon the temperature and pressure characteristics of the casting process.
It is preferable for the coating to extend over the whole height of each mould component. However, the coating may terminate below the upper edge of the mould wall, provided it extends above the highest level of the molten metal. The coating may have a substantially constant thickness in an upper region adjacent the upper edge of the mould wall component; it may have a substantially constant thickness in a lower region adherent the lower edge of the mould wall component; and the thickness may increase progressively in a linear manner, an exponential manner, or any other suitable manner between the upper and lower regions. The minimum thickness is chosen primarily having regard to heat transfer, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.1 mm. The maximum thickness is chosen having regard to mechanical strength as well as heat transfer, preferably in the range from 0.4 to 1.0 mm.
When coating the grid plates, it has been found to be surprisingly beneficial to form a pattern of separate islands. It appears that any particular thickness may be applied, but a thickness of approx. 0.38 mm (0.015 inch) is presently preferred. It has been found to be particularly beneficial to deposit the coating in an 'island pattern' in which each island is approx. 5 mm square or 5 mm in diameter; each island is defmed at its perimeter by an uncoated band approx. 2 mm wide. The inventor believes that the island pattern allows the coating to accommodate the high thermal stresses which are imposed on the grid plates during service, thus preventing premature coating failure by spallation. A suitable thickness range may be from 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The transverse dimensions of the islands may conveniently be in the range from 4 to 8 mm, the islands being spaced apart by 1 to 3 mm, for example.
The invention will be described further, by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, whose sole Figure schematically shows the intemal surface of a grid plate.
Example 1: Process for coating grid plates (1) Degrease the grid plates.
(2) Mask where required.
(3) Grit-blast.
(4) Apply WC - 17% Co coating to the fingers of the grid plates by HVOF using masking devices to ensure the requisite 'island pattern'.
(5) Re-mask.
(6) Apply Monitox slurry.
(7) Fire at approx. 450 to 500 C.
(8) Cool.
(9) Remove excess ceramic.
(10) Impregnate the coatings with oxide or phosphate forming compounds.
(11) Fire at approx. 450 to 5000C.
(12) Repeat operations (10) and (11) for 3 to 10 cycles.
The drawing shows a cast iron grid plate 1 with gaps 2, through which cooling water is sprayed, and raised fingers 3 provided with the composite coating 4 made up of a pattern of rectangular islands S (approx. 5 mm square, separated by at least 1 mm).
Example 2: Process for coating copper mould components (1) Degrease the components.
(2) Mask where required.
(3) Grit-blast.
(4) Apply WC - 17% Co coating using computer-controlled robotic manipulation so as to ensure that the required tapered thickness profile (linearly increasing from 0.08 mm to 0.46 mm) is obtained from top to bottom on each component.
(5) Re-mask.
(6) Apply Monitox slurry.
(7) Fire at approx. 250 to 3000C.
(8) Cool.
(9) Remove excess ceramic.
(10) Impregnate the coatings with oxide or phosphate forming compounds.
(11) Fire at approx. 250 to 3000C, (12) Repeat operations (10) and (11) for 3 to 10 cycles.

Claims (14)

CLAIMS:
1. A method of protecting a wall component for a continuous casting mould against wear, the method comprising applying to an internal surface of the mould wall component, by flame spraying, a coating consisting of ceramo-metallic material, the coating having a thickness which increases from an upper region to a lower region of the internal surface.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the minimum thickness of the coating is 0.05 to 0.1 mm and the maximum thickness of the coating is 0.4 - 1.0 mm.
3. A method of protecting a wall component for a continuous casting mould against wear, the method comprising: a) applying to an internal surface of the mould wall component, by flame spraying, a rough first coating consisting of ceramo-metallic material, the first coating having a thickness which increases from an upper region to a lower region of the internal surface; b) applying a ceramic slurry to the first coating; c) heating the ceramic slurry to form a second coating consisting of ceramic material; d) removing excess ceramic material from the second coating to produce a composite ceramo-metallic and ceramic surface; e) impregnating the composite surface with a solution of at least one soluble compound capable of being converted, on heating, into an insoluble substance which bonds the coatings; and f) heating the coatings to cause bonding and densification of the coatings by the said substance; whereby a composite coating is produced having a thickness which increases from an upper region to a lower region of the internal surface of the mould wall component.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the minimum thickness of the composite coating is 0.05 - 0.1 mm and the maximum thickness of the composite coating is 0.4 - 1.0 mm.
5. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wall component is a copper end plate or side plate for a continuous casting mould.
6. A method of protecting a grid plate for a continuous casting machine against wear, the method comprising applying to a strand-confining surface of the grid plate, by flame spraying, a coating consisting of ceramo-metallic material, the coating being in the form of an array of mutually isolated islands of the ceramo-metallic material.
7. A method of protecting a grid plate for a continuous casting machine against wear, the method comprising: a) applying to a strand-confining surface of the grid plate, by flame spraying, a rough first coating consisting of ceramo-metallic material, the first coating being in the form of an array of mutually isolated islands of the ceramo-metallic material; b) applying a ceramic slurry to the islands of ceramo-metallic material; c) heating the ceramic slurry to form a second coating consisting of ceramic material; d) removing excess ceramic material from the second coating to produce a composite ceramo-metallic and ceramic surface; e) impregnating the composite surface with a solution of at least one soluble compound capable of being converted, on heating, into an insoluble substance which bonds the coatings; and f) heating the coatings to cause bonding and densification of the coatings by the said substance; whereby a composite coating is produced which is in the form of an array of mutually isolated islands.
8. A method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the islands have a thickness of 0.3 - 0.5 mm.
9. A method as claimed in any of claims 6 to 8, wherein the islands have transverse dimensions in the range 4 - 8 mm.
10. A method as claimed in any of claims 6 to 9, wherein the islands are spaced apart by 1-3 mm.
11. A method as claimed in any of claims 6 to 10, wherein the islands are substantially square.
12. A method as claimed in claim 3 or claim 7, wherein the ceramic slurry contains a chromium compound capable of being converted into chromium oxide at temperatures of at least 3000C.
13. A method as claimed in claim 3 or claim 7, wherein the soluble compound is selected from chromia and phosphate forming compounds capable of being converted into oxides and phosphates on heating.
14. A casting mould wall component produced by a method as claimed in any preceding claim.
14. A method as claimed in claim 3 or claim 7, wherein the impregnation/heat treatment cycle of steps (e) and (f) is repeated.
15. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first coating is applied by a high-velocity oxy-fuel process.
16. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first coating contains a carbide, preferably tungsten carbide.
17. A method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the first coating contains cobalt.
18. A method of protecting a wall component for a continuous casting mould, substantially as described herein.
19. A method of protecting a grid plate for a continuous casting machine, substantially as described herein.
20. A casting mould wall component produced by a method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 or any claim dependent thereon or claim 18.
21. A grid plate produced by a method as claimed in any of claims 6 to 11 or any claim dependent thereon or claim 19.
Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the minimum thickness of the composite coating is 0.05 - 0.1 mm and the maximum thickness of the composite coating is 0.4 - 1.0 mm.
5. A method as claimed in any of claims I to 4, wherein the wall component is a copper end plate or side plate for a continuous casting mould.
6. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ceramic slurry contains a chromium compound capable of being converted into chromium oxide at temperatures of at least 250"C.
7. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the soluble compound is selected from chromia and phosphate forming compounds capable of being converted into oxides and phosphates on heating.
8. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the impregnation/heat treatment cycle of steps (e) and (f) is repeated.
9. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the ceramo-metallic material is applied by a high-velocity oxygen - liquid fuel process.
10. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the ceramo-metallic material contains a carbide.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the said carbide is tungsten carbide.
12. A method as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the said material contains cobalt.
13. A method of protecting a w all component for a continuous casting mould, substantially as described herein.
GB9623344A 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Coating of continuous casting machine components Expired - Lifetime GB2319042B (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9714452A GB2320034B (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Coating of continuous casting machine grid plates
GB9623344A GB2319042B (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Coating of continuous casting machine components
AU48775/97A AU4877597A (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Coating of continuous casting machine components
JP52229398A JP2001504162A (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Coating of components of continuous casting equipment
DE69706317T DE69706317T2 (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 METHOD FOR COATING COMPONENTS OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING SYSTEM
PT97911364T PT946778E (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 COATING OF COMPONENTS FOR CONTINUOUS FOUNDRY MACHINES
DK97911364T DK0946778T3 (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Coating of components in a continuous casting machine
ES97911364T ES2163139T3 (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 COATING OF COMPONENT PARTS OF A CONTINUOUS MOLDING MACHINE.
PCT/GB1997/003073 WO1998021379A1 (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Coating of continuous casting machine components
AT97911364T ATE204615T1 (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 METHOD FOR COATING COMPONENTS OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANT
EP97911364A EP0946778B1 (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Coating of continuous casting machine components

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9623344A GB2319042B (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Coating of continuous casting machine components

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9623344D0 GB9623344D0 (en) 1997-01-08
GB2319042A true GB2319042A (en) 1998-05-13
GB2319042B GB2319042B (en) 1998-11-11

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Family Applications (2)

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GB9714452A Expired - Lifetime GB2320034B (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Coating of continuous casting machine grid plates
GB9623344A Expired - Lifetime GB2319042B (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Coating of continuous casting machine components

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9714452A Expired - Lifetime GB2320034B (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Coating of continuous casting machine grid plates

Country Status (10)

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EP (1) EP0946778B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001504162A (en)
AT (1) ATE204615T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4877597A (en)
DE (1) DE69706317T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0946778T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2163139T3 (en)
GB (2) GB2320034B (en)
PT (1) PT946778E (en)
WO (1) WO1998021379A1 (en)

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WO2001016052A2 (en) * 1999-08-26 2001-03-08 The University Of British Columbia Process for making chemically bonded sol-gel ceramics
WO2001017711A1 (en) * 1999-09-03 2001-03-15 Concast Standard Ag Continuous casting mould that is protected against wear and tear

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FR2807071B1 (en) 2000-03-28 2002-11-15 Dja Dodane Jean Et Associes CERAMO-METALLIC ANTI-ADHESIVE COATING FOR CULINARY UTENSILS
DE10345865A1 (en) * 2003-10-01 2005-04-21 Km Europa Metal Ag Process for coating a mold body used in a continuous casting plant and mold body of a continuous casting plant
CN101530904B (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-11-10 西安交通大学 Composite material hammerhead of crusher and negative pressure casting method thereof
CN113186479B (en) * 2021-04-13 2022-02-01 杭州九阳小家电有限公司 Pot and manufacturing method thereof
CN114381682A (en) * 2022-01-17 2022-04-22 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 Method for improving wear resistance of Y-shaped crystallizer copper plate

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EP0946778A1 (en) 1999-10-06
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WO1998021379A1 (en) 1998-05-22
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DK0946778T3 (en) 2001-12-17
JP2001504162A (en) 2001-03-27
EP0946778B1 (en) 2001-08-22
GB2320034A8 (en) 1998-07-13
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AU4877597A (en) 1998-06-03
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DE69706317D1 (en) 2001-09-27

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