GB2294258A - The treatment of aqueous media - Google Patents
The treatment of aqueous media Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2294258A GB2294258A GB9521514A GB9521514A GB2294258A GB 2294258 A GB2294258 A GB 2294258A GB 9521514 A GB9521514 A GB 9521514A GB 9521514 A GB9521514 A GB 9521514A GB 2294258 A GB2294258 A GB 2294258A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- chromate
- culture
- micro
- organisms
- cyanobacteria
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000192700 Cyanobacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000078013 Trichormus variabilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000195651 Chlorella sp. Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001586 aluminite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003851 biochemical process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- C02F2101/22—Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
A process for the treatment of an aqueous medium containing chromate species which includes the steps of photosynthetically preparing a culture of micro-organisms which reduce chromate to chromium and applying the culture to the aqueous medium.
Description
THE TREATMENT OF AOUEOUS MEDIA
The present invention relates to the treatment of aqueous media.
Waste waters containing toxic chromate species are generated in many industrial processes including chromium plating, metal cleaning and processing, wood preservation and alloy preparation. Conventional methods for removing toxic chromate include chemical reduction followed by precipitation, ion-exchange and adsorption on coal, activated charcoal, alum and kaolinite. Most of these methods are uneconomical or inconvenient because of their requirements for high energy or large quantities of chemical absorbents.
Recently, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria have been reported as being able to reduce chromate to less toxic chromium that readily precipitates at normal pH and temperature. The potential for establishing chromate removal from waste waters using bacterial ability to reduce the chromate has therefore been described in the prior art. However, no suitable bacterial species has been reported in the prior art which can be grown simply and cheaply in a reproducible manner without the need for addition of a carbon source for bacterial activity and growth.
According to the present invention a process for the treatment of an aqueous medium containing chromate species includes the steps of photosynthetically preparing a culture of micro-organisms which reduce chromate to chromium and applying the culture to the aqueous medium.
The chromium precipitate produced may be separated by filtration, adsorption, eg biosorption or another known separation processes. The micro-organisms may comprise cyanobacteria, eg cyanobacterial with heterocystis and nitrogen fixing, eg Anabaena variabilis or Cynidium sp..
Alternatively, the micro-organism may comprise microalgae, eg Chlorella sp..
The micro-organism may also cause reduction of other harmful species considered to be pollutants in aqueous waste streams, eg nitrates and phosphates.
The aqeuous medium to be treated may contain other, eg complex, chromium compounds which may be treated in a preliminary process, eg a chemical or biochemical process to convert them to chromates. In general, however, chromium compounds other than Cr (VI) chromates present less toxicity problem and are readily biosorbed by the photosynthetic micro-organisms.
Photosynthetic micro-organisms for chromate reduction have the advantage over bacteria reported in the prior art that they can be grown more simply and more cheaply in a manner that is very reproducible. Energy without addition of a carbon source for culture growth can conveniently be provided by sunlight. The culture of such organisms can be grown, for example, in a known manner in an outdoor lagoon. Such a medium preferably contains nutrients, eg phosphate, necessary to promote microbial growth.
A high light intensity may be obtained by growing the micro-organism culture in artificially applied light or in a sunny and/or warm environment, eg a glass hot house or a tropical country. Desirably, the micro-organisms to be grown are subject to a quality check so that the culture grown is free from grazing by other organisms.
Cyanobacterial cell cultures may alternatively be grown using a biocoil which is a transparent coiled tube in which cyanobacteria are grown to allow maximum contact with light. Alternatively, they may be immobilised in a suitable solid host medium (which can be contacted with or suspended in an aqueous liquid), eg alginate, sol-gel beads, foamed material or china clay particles and loaded in that form in a bioreactor in which growth of the culture can be promoted using applied or ambient light energy.
Desirably, the culture is established before addition to the chromate containing solution. Conveniently, the micro-organism cells continue to remain active by the action of photosynthesis whilst they are in contact with the chromate and the chromate containing solution desirably contains cell growth promoting nutrients, eg phosphate and trace elements.
The pH of the chromate containing solution will normally be in the range 6 to 8. Desirably, the concentration of chromate does not exceed lmM otherwise chromate will become toxic toward the photosynthetic micro-organism cells. It may, however, be possible to develop cultures of one or more cyanobacteria species, or a consortium of them, which are tolerant of acidic or high salt or higher chromate solutions.
As an example embodying the present invention we have grown cultures of the nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria
Anabaena variabilis in an innoculum using the assistance of photosynthesis. After 20 days growth the cells were capable of reducing 94% of chromate in a 100 M concentration solution of potassium chromate of which 43% by weight was removed from solution by biosorption and accumulation by the cells.
Claims (8)
1. A process for the treatment of an aqueous medium containing chromate species which includes the steps of photosynthetically preparing a culture of micro-organisms which reduce chromate to chromium and applying the culture to the aqueous medium.
2. A process as in Claim 1 and wherein the chromium precipitate is separated from the aqueous medium by a separation process.
3. A process as in Claim 1 or Claim 2 and wherein the micro-organisms comprise cyanobacteria.
4. A process as in Claim 3 and wherein the cyanobacteria comprise one or more cyanobacteria with heterocystic and nitrogen fixing ability.
5. A process as in Claim 4 and wherein the cyanobacteria comprise Anabaena Variabilis or Cynidium sp..
6. A process as in Claim 1 or Claim 2 and wherein the micro-organisms comprise microalgae.
7. A process as in Claim 6 and wherein the microalgae comprise Chlorella sp..
8. A process as in Claim 1 and wherein the culture is grown in one of the ways described hereinbefore.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9421203A GB9421203D0 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1994-10-20 | The treatment of aqueous media |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9521514D0 GB9521514D0 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
| GB2294258A true GB2294258A (en) | 1996-04-24 |
| GB2294258B GB2294258B (en) | 1996-09-18 |
Family
ID=10763162
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9421203A Pending GB9421203D0 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1994-10-20 | The treatment of aqueous media |
| GB9521514A Expired - Fee Related GB2294258B (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1995-10-20 | The treatment of aqueous media |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9421203A Pending GB9421203D0 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1994-10-20 | The treatment of aqueous media |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9421203D0 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013138335A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Extracellular release of vesicles by photosynthetic cells |
-
1994
- 1994-10-20 GB GB9421203A patent/GB9421203D0/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-10-20 GB GB9521514A patent/GB2294258B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013138335A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Extracellular release of vesicles by photosynthetic cells |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2294258B (en) | 1996-09-18 |
| GB9521514D0 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
| GB9421203D0 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101899401B (en) | Microbial agent for treating ammonia-containing waste water and preparation method thereof | |
| Mallick et al. | Influence of culture density, pH, organic acids and divalent cations on the removal of nutrients and metals by immobilized Anabaena doliolum and Chlorella vulgaris | |
| CN103374524B (en) | Salt-tolerant microbial agent and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103373762B (en) | Biological denitrification method for salt-containing sewage | |
| Rai et al. | Removal and assessment of toxicity of Cu and Fe to Anabaena doliolum and Chlorella vulgaris using free and immobilized cells | |
| Zayed et al. | Removal of organic pollutants and of nitrate from wastewater from the dairy industry by denitrification | |
| CN109759436B (en) | Manganese-resistant providencia bacterial strain and method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil | |
| CN108587915B (en) | Chlorella W5 capable of removing heavy metals in water with high heavy metal content and application thereof | |
| CN103374525B (en) | Wastewater treating microbial agent and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109337832A (en) | A kind of anthropi of resistance to high ammonia nitrogen heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification and its application | |
| Zhang et al. | Ammonia-nitrogen and orthophosphate removal by immobilized Chlorella sp. isolated from municipal wastewater for potential use in tertiary treatment | |
| CN113307377A (en) | Method for treating fermentation exhaust gas and wastewater by coupling active microalgae | |
| Merugu et al. | Biotechnological applications of purple non sulphur phototrophic bacteria: a minireview | |
| CN113354100A (en) | Method for recycling nitrogen and phosphorus resources and neutralizing carbon by coupling filamentous algae after moderately nitrifying high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater | |
| CN110902950B (en) | Treatment method of starch industrial wastewater | |
| Lemoine et al. | Reduction of nitrate by Pseudomonas putrefaciens entrapped in composite agar layer/microporous membrane structures | |
| GB2294258A (en) | The treatment of aqueous media | |
| JPH08206684A (en) | Heavy metal ion removing method | |
| CN110921841B (en) | Biochemical preparation for repairing starch industrial wastewater | |
| Nezbrytska et al. | Analysis of the efficiency of wastewater remediation technologies using microalgae | |
| JP2885643B2 (en) | Decomposition method of phenolic compound | |
| KR100282257B1 (en) | Treatment Method of Cadmium-Containing Wastewater Using Fuhoe Rice Cake Strains | |
| CN1290778C (en) | Culture method of microorganism for treating high temperature wastewater | |
| CN107674846A (en) | One plant of Rhodopseudomonas palustris RP1 and its application | |
| CN213294861U (en) | Experimental device for cultivate alga and handle waste water |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20081020 |