GB2283137A - Arrangement for preventing driving of a battery powered vehicle during charging - Google Patents

Arrangement for preventing driving of a battery powered vehicle during charging Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2283137A
GB2283137A GB9321869A GB9321869A GB2283137A GB 2283137 A GB2283137 A GB 2283137A GB 9321869 A GB9321869 A GB 9321869A GB 9321869 A GB9321869 A GB 9321869A GB 2283137 A GB2283137 A GB 2283137A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vehicle
connector
battery
charging
charging device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9321869A
Other versions
GB9321869D0 (en
Inventor
Jose Manuel Rodriguez-Ferre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to ES09301980A priority Critical patent/ES2077506B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB9321869A priority patent/GB2283137A/en
Priority to CN93114500A priority patent/CN1102160A/en
Publication of GB9321869D0 publication Critical patent/GB9321869D0/en
Publication of GB2283137A publication Critical patent/GB2283137A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H29/00—Drive mechanisms for toys in general
    • A63H29/22—Electric drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
    • H01R13/703—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. dual-continuity coupling part
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0045—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/20—Vehicles specially adapted for children, e.g. toy vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

In a battery charging system for charging the batteries of battery driven electrically powered vehicles, for example toy vehicles intended to be ridden by children, a connector 3 is provided which is directly accessible on the exterior of the vehicle and which can receive a complementary connector 4 of a battery charger 1. The connector 3 has associated switch means which is opened by engagement of the connector 4 with the connector 3, or, in a variant (Figure 3) is opened by removal of a bridge insert 5 removal of which is necessary to allow the connector 4 to engage the connector 3, the switch being incorporated in the drive circuitry of the vehicle so that while the battery is being charged via the connectors 3 and 4, the vehicle is not able to function. <IMAGE>

Description

DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION Title: "A battery charging system for electrically driven vehicles" THE PRESENT INVENTION relates to a battery charging system for electrically driven vehicles for example toy vehicles intended to be ridden by and operated by children.
It is known that one of the current regulations to be fulfilled by the battery charging systems for electrically driven vehicles for use by children is that while the vehicle battery is being charged the vehicle must not be able to function.
To fulfil this regulation, the recourse currently adopted is physically to disconnect the battery from the vehicle wiring, which normally requires a compartment in the vehicle structure to be opened. It is then necessary to connect and disconnect the batteries themselves. This traditional system obviously fulfils the requirement that the vehicle should not function during the charging stage, but it requires excessive manipulation on the part of the user, complicating the operation.
It is an object of the invention to overcome the aforesaid drawbacks, common to the present state of the art, and notably to simplify the battery charging operation, while still observing the current regulations.
More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a charging system by which it is not necessary to have any access to the batteries, recharging being allowed from outside the vehicle, without connecting them with or disconnecting them from the rest of the wiring system.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a battery charging system for electrically driven vehicles including an electric motor and a battery connected in motor circuitry, the charging system including a charging device for providing charging current, the vehicle and the charging device having complementary connectors, which, when interconnected, allow electrical current to pass from the charging device to the vehicle battery, said connector on the vehicle being accessible directly from outside the vehicle, and wherein said connectors, or associated means, are so arranged that the establishment of electrical connection between the charging device and the vehicle, via said connectors is prevented until switch means on the vehicle has been operated disconnecting the battery from the motor circuitry of the vehicle.
The system allows the charging operation to be carried out simply by connecting the charger connector to the complementary connector accessible directly from outside the vehicle, at the same time as the electrical circuit is broken, whereby the vehicle cannot function.
Embodiments of the invention are described more fully hereafter, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a charging system embodying the invention for a children's vehicle battery; FIGURE 2 is a similar perspective view of an alternative embodiment, and FIGURE 3 is a perspective view showing, to an enlarged scale a detail of the embodiment of Figure 2, in the region indicated at "A" in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 1, a battery-powered toy vehicle, for example a vehicle intended to be ridden by and steered by a child, has an electrical connector 3 which is directly accessible from the outside of the vehicle 2, for connection with a complementary connector 4 of a battery charger 1, as shown in Figure 1. The connector 3 on the vehicle may comprise, (as shown in Figure 3) conductor pins adapted to be received in complementary sockets afforded by the charger connector. When the connector 4 is connected with connector 3 the charger 1 is placed in circuit with the battery or batteries of the vehicle, for charging the latter.
To fulfil the requirement that the vehicle 2 should not be capable of functioning whilst the battery or batteries of the vehicle are being charged, the connector 3 is provided with a switch which is opened when the charger connector 4 is connected with the connector 3, which switch is connected in circuit with the electric motor in the vehicle or in circuit with a relay or relays in the vehicle which control operation of the electrical motor, the switch, when open, ensuring, either by opencircuiting the motor or by disabling the relay or relays, that electrical current cannot pass through the electric motor. Thus, the vehicle 2 is prevented from functioning whilst connected with the charger.
In an alternative embodiment, a masking insert in the form of a removable bridge 5 is carried by the vehicle which insert, when fitted to the vehicle, prevents access to the connector 3 on the vehicle by the connector 4 on the charger. The bridge 5 may be pulled out from the vehicle, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, to allow free access to the connector 3 for the connector 4. In this embodiment, the vehicle incorporates a switch having the same function as described in relation to the preceding embodiment, which switch is closed by insertion of the bridge 5 into the vehicle and is opened by removal of the bridge 5 from the vehicle. Accordingly, the connector 4 cannot be connected with connector 3 without the vehicle being first rendered incapable of functioning. Once the batteries are charged, the connector 4 is removed from the vehicle and the bridge 5 is replaced, thereby closing the switch and making the circuit, thereby leaving the vehicle in an operative state.

Claims (9)

1. A battery charging system for children's vehicles, characterised in that the vehicle is provided with a battery charging connector which is accessible directly from outside the vehicle, said connector being disposed directly to receive the charger connector, with both members including complementary means breaking the vehicle electrical circuit to disable the operation of the vehicle relays and prevent the vehicle from functioning during the charging stage.
2. The battery charing system for children vehicles, according to claim 1, characterised in that the battery charging connector includes a switch which on activation breaks the vehicle electrical circuit by the presence of the charger connector.
3. The battery charging system for children's vehicles, according to claim 1, characterised in that the vehicle is provided with a removable bridge the presence of which makes the vehicle electrical circuit, while removal of said bridge breaks the vehicle electrical circuit and at the same time frees the access to the battery charging connector for plugging in the charger connector.
4. A battery charging system for an electrically driven vehicle including an electric motor and a battery connected in motor circuitry, the charging system including a charging device for providing charging current, the vehicle and the charging device having complementary connectors, which, when interconnected, allow electrical current to pass from the charging device to the vehicle battery, said connector on the vehicle being accessible directly from outside the vehicle, and wherein said connectors, or associated means, are so arranged that the establishment of electrical connection between the charging device and the vehicle, via said connectors is prevented until switch means on the vehicle has been operated disconnecting the battery from the motor circuitry of the vehicle.
5. A battery charging system according to claim 4 wherein said switch means is arranged to be operated by the bringing of the charging device connector into operative engagement with the vehicle connector and is arranged to be operated, in the reverse sense, to connect the battery in said motor circuit, by removal of the charging device connector from the vehicle connector.
6. A battery charging system according to claim 4 wherein said switch means is arranged to be operated by removal of a masking insert from the vehicle, which masking insert, until removed, prevents engagement of the charging device connector with the vehicle connector, and which masking insert cannot be replaced on the vehicle until the charging device connector has been removed from the vehicle connector, such replacement of the masking insert serving to operate said switch means to re-connect the battery in the motor circuit.
7. A battery charging system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
8. A battery charging system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
9. Any novel feature or combination of features described herein.
GB9321869A 1993-09-20 1993-10-22 Arrangement for preventing driving of a battery powered vehicle during charging Withdrawn GB2283137A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES09301980A ES2077506B1 (en) 1993-09-20 1993-09-20 BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM FOR CHILDREN'S VEHICLES.
GB9321869A GB2283137A (en) 1993-09-20 1993-10-22 Arrangement for preventing driving of a battery powered vehicle during charging
CN93114500A CN1102160A (en) 1993-09-20 1993-10-30 A battery charging system for children's vehicles

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES09301980A ES2077506B1 (en) 1993-09-20 1993-09-20 BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM FOR CHILDREN'S VEHICLES.
GB9321869A GB2283137A (en) 1993-09-20 1993-10-22 Arrangement for preventing driving of a battery powered vehicle during charging
CN93114500A CN1102160A (en) 1993-09-20 1993-10-30 A battery charging system for children's vehicles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9321869D0 GB9321869D0 (en) 1993-12-15
GB2283137A true GB2283137A (en) 1995-04-26

Family

ID=51399388

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9321869A Withdrawn GB2283137A (en) 1993-09-20 1993-10-22 Arrangement for preventing driving of a battery powered vehicle during charging

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1102160A (en)
ES (1) ES2077506B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2283137A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1846283A2 (en) * 2005-02-02 2007-10-24 Mattel, Inc. Children's ride-on vehicle charging assemblies with back feed protection
CN102228745A (en) * 2011-06-22 2011-11-02 广东邦领塑模实业有限公司 Power mechanism of toy
GB2491051A (en) * 2012-07-19 2012-11-21 P G Drives Technology Ltd Charging system for a multi-cell power supply
CN105514738A (en) * 2016-01-08 2016-04-20 苏州市职业大学 Automobile mutual power supply starting device
US11911542B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2024-02-27 Stryker Corporation Opening cover

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2192951B1 (en) * 2001-08-08 2005-03-01 Lear Automotive (Eeds) Spain, S.L. ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR CHARGING AND DISCHARGE OF BATTERY THROUGH THE USE OF AN AUXILIARY FEMALE PLUG IN A VEHICLE.
CN101722858B (en) * 2008-10-15 2013-05-15 光阳工业股份有限公司 Safety protection device and method for electric vehicle
CN106395688A (en) * 2016-10-18 2017-02-15 苏州先锋物流装备科技有限公司 Internal type charging structure for forklift truck

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB465592A (en) * 1936-10-13 1937-05-11 Percy Graham Caldwell Improvements in or relating to electrical heating and battery charging systems
US3898547A (en) * 1974-04-11 1975-08-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electric vehicle charger shut-off interlock system
US3904947A (en) * 1973-08-22 1975-09-09 Roy E Crews Vehicle mounted battery charging system for an electric motor vehicle
EP0083036A1 (en) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-06 BROWN, BOVERI & CIE Aktiengesellschaft Safety device to prevent the starting of an electric vehicle
US4563626A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-01-07 Nikko Co., Ltd. Rechargeable wireless-control toy

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5220268A (en) * 1991-06-14 1993-06-15 Premier Engineered Products Corporation Battery charging system and connection apparatus therefore
US5229703A (en) * 1992-02-10 1993-07-20 Kransco Battery recharge interconnection system with safety cut-out

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB465592A (en) * 1936-10-13 1937-05-11 Percy Graham Caldwell Improvements in or relating to electrical heating and battery charging systems
US3904947A (en) * 1973-08-22 1975-09-09 Roy E Crews Vehicle mounted battery charging system for an electric motor vehicle
US3898547A (en) * 1974-04-11 1975-08-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electric vehicle charger shut-off interlock system
EP0083036A1 (en) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-06 BROWN, BOVERI & CIE Aktiengesellschaft Safety device to prevent the starting of an electric vehicle
US4563626A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-01-07 Nikko Co., Ltd. Rechargeable wireless-control toy

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1846283A2 (en) * 2005-02-02 2007-10-24 Mattel, Inc. Children's ride-on vehicle charging assemblies with back feed protection
EP1846283A4 (en) * 2005-02-02 2014-12-03 Mattel Inc Children's ride-on vehicle charging assemblies with back feed protection
CN102228745A (en) * 2011-06-22 2011-11-02 广东邦领塑模实业有限公司 Power mechanism of toy
CN102228745B (en) * 2011-06-22 2013-05-29 广东邦宝益智玩具股份有限公司 Power mechanism of toy
GB2491051A (en) * 2012-07-19 2012-11-21 P G Drives Technology Ltd Charging system for a multi-cell power supply
CN105514738A (en) * 2016-01-08 2016-04-20 苏州市职业大学 Automobile mutual power supply starting device
US11911542B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2024-02-27 Stryker Corporation Opening cover

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9321869D0 (en) 1993-12-15
ES2077506R (en) 1997-04-16
CN1102160A (en) 1995-05-03
ES2077506A2 (en) 1995-11-16
ES2077506B1 (en) 1997-10-16

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WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)