GB2283064A - Internal combustion engine exhaust gas energy recovery - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine exhaust gas energy recovery Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2283064A
GB2283064A GB9320243A GB9320243A GB2283064A GB 2283064 A GB2283064 A GB 2283064A GB 9320243 A GB9320243 A GB 9320243A GB 9320243 A GB9320243 A GB 9320243A GB 2283064 A GB2283064 A GB 2283064A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
fuel
exhaust
internal combustion
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9320243A
Other versions
GB9320243D0 (en
Inventor
Henry B Macdonald
Hugh Sharman
Kenneth M Turnbull
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCOTTISH HYDRO ELECTRIC PLC
Original Assignee
SCOTTISH HYDRO ELECTRIC PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SCOTTISH HYDRO ELECTRIC PLC filed Critical SCOTTISH HYDRO ELECTRIC PLC
Priority to GB9320243A priority Critical patent/GB2283064A/en
Publication of GB9320243D0 publication Critical patent/GB9320243D0/en
Publication of GB2283064A publication Critical patent/GB2283064A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/20—Control of the pumps by increasing exhaust energy, e.g. using combustion chamber by after-burning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/005—Exhaust driven pumps being combined with an exhaust driven auxiliary apparatus, e.g. a ventilator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

Diesel Engine exhaust gas flow is divided between a turbocharger 12, and a power turbine 34. A burner 24 is provided whereby fuel is added to the exhaust gas, and ignited to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas passing to the turbine 34. Auxiliary air is supplied to the burner 24 via fan 30, and exhaust gas flow and air flow are controlled by dampers 22, 32. <IMAGE>

Description

IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO EXHAUST GAS ENERGY RECOVERY The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for use in recovery of exhaust gas energy from an internal combustion engine and in particular, but not exclusively, to a method and apparatus for enhancing a diesel cycle.
Turbo charged diesel engines are widely used in electricity generation, particularly in remote areas. In recent years various high efficiency turbo chargers have become available and have allowed diversion of a proportion of the exhaust gas from the turbo charger to a power turbine coupled to a generator, this being known as the Turbo Compound System (TCS). The existing TCS is based on a turbo expander driving an asynchronous generator producing typically 3% additional power output, for example 1.5 MWe at engine maximum continuous rating (NCR) of 50 MWe.
It is among the objects of the present invention to further improve the efficiency of such systems.
According to the present invention there is provided a method for recovery of exhaust gas energy from an internal combustion engine (ICE) comprising: adding fuel to the exhaust gas; igniting the fuel to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas; and passing the heated exhaust gas through an expander to recover energy therefrom.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for use in the recovery of exhaust gas energy from an internal combustion engine (ICE) in which at least a proportion of the exhaust is passed through an expander for recovery of energy therefrom, the apparatus comprising: means for adding fuel to the exhaust; and means for igniting the fuel to increase the temperature of the exhaust prior to its entry into the expander.
The invention has particular application in diesel generators utilising the Turbo Compound System (TCS), as described above. Using the present invention, the additional heating of the proportion of exhaust gas passed through the expander achieves a greater specific work capability than the direct expansion of the exhaust gas only.
The combustion of the fuel utilises the excess oxygen of the engine exhaust, though an auxiliary air supply may also be provided to stabilise the means for igniting the fuel.
The fuel may be selected to suit the particular application and may be, for example fuel oil or gas.
Preferably, the combustion of the fuel and heating of the exhaust takes place at constant pressure. Preferably also, the combustion of the fuel takes place in an in-duct burner.
These and other aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a diesel generator incorporating a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figures 2a and 2b are T-S diagrams illustrating the operating cycle of a diesel generator incorporating, respectively, the TCS, and the boosted TCS achieved with one embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
Reference is first made to Figure 1 of the drawings, which is a diagrammatic representation of a diesel generator (from which details of the primary generator have been omitted). The system incorporates a number of features of a conventional Turbo Compound System (TCS), in that the exhaust outlet of the engine 10 is divided, typically through use of appropriate dampers, with a major proportion of the gas being passed to a turbo charger system 12 incorporating a turbine 14 driven by the exhaust gas and linked to a compressor 16 which compresses the combustion air for the engine 10.
A smaller proportion of the exhaust gas is directed to the apparatus of the present invention 20; the exhaust is passed, via damper 22, into an in-duct burner 24, which also receives an input of fuel 26 and auxiliary air 28. A fan 30 is provided to supply the auxiliary air to the burner 24 via a further damper 32.
In the burner 24 the fuel is ignited, firing the excess oxygen of the exhaust gas at constant pressure and thus increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas. The heated gas is then passed through a turbo expander 34 linked to an auxiliary generator (not shown). From the outlet of the expander 34 the gas is passed to the flue 36, together with the exhaust gas from the outlet of the turbo charger turbine 14.
Those of skill in the art will realise that Figure 1 is a greatly simplified illustration of the plant necessary for successful operation of a system in accordance with the present invention, and that burner management systems, fuel supply controls, pressure controls and the like have been omitted from the drawing in the interest of clarity. However, provision of such plant is clearly within the capability of one of skill in the art, using existing conventional technology.
Reference is now also made to Figures 2a and 2b of the drawings to illustrate the improvement in the overall thermal efficiency of a system which may be achieved through use of the present invention. Figure 2a is a T-S diagram of the operating cycle of a typical slow speed diesel generator incorporating a conventional TCS. In this example the exhaust gas is expanded from 3.15 bar at 415"C to 1.03 bar at 250"C, with 85 percent of the gas flow being directed through the turbine of the turbo charger, while 15 percent of the flow is directed through the TCS expander. Typically the utilisation of the surplus exhaust gas in such a system will provide an additional 3 percent power output without any fuel penalty on the specific fuel consumption of the engine.
Reference is now made to Figure 2b of the drawings which illustrates a diesel operating cycle enhanced through provision of apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As with the TCS cycle described above, 85 percent of the exhaust gas flow is directed to the turbine of the turbo charger.However, the remaining 15 percent of the exhaust gas flow is fired at constant pressure, 3.15 bar at 415"C to 760"C, using the burner 24, followed by expansion in the turbo expander 34 to an outlet pressure of 1.03 bar and a temperature of 485or. The mixing of the output from the turbo charger turbine 14 and the turbo expander 34 result in a final exhaust gas temperature of 280"C. The aaditional heating of the exhaust gas adds a further area A to the cycle, which area is partially defined by the slightly divergent constant pressure lines at 3.15 and 1.03 bar.
Thus it may be seen that the present invention achieves a greater specific work capability than the direct expansion of the exhaust gas only. As the system does burn additional fuel the overall consumption will increase but the specific fuel consumption on the basis of Kg/kWH will decrease and thus the overall fuel thermal efficiency of the total system is improved. The improvements in efficiency available through use of the present invention is illustrated in the table below, which compares the efficiency of a basic engine, an engine provided with an existing Turbo Compound System (TCS), and a "Boosted" Turbo Compound System (BTCS) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Efficiency% Power Output MWe Basic Engine 49.5 50.4 With TCS 51.1 51.9 With BTCS 53.5 55.7 It will be clear to those of skill in the art that the above described embodiment is merely exemplary of the present invention and that various modifications and improvements may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for recovery of exhaust gas energy from an internal combustion engine (ICE) comprising: adding fuel to the exhaust gas; igniting the fuel to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas; and passing the heated exhaust gas through an expander to recover energy therefrom.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the ICE is a diesel generator utilising the Turbo Compound System (TCS), wherein the additional heating of the proportion of exhaust gas passed through the expander achieves a greater specific work capability than the direct expansion of the exhaust gas only.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein an auxiliary air supply is provided to stabilise ignition of the fuel.
4. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the combustion of the fuel and heating of the exhaust takes place at constant pressure.
5. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the combustion of the fuel takes place in an in-duct burner.
6. Apparatus for use in the recovery of exhaust gas energy from an internal combustion engine (ICE) in which at least a proportion of the exhaust is passed through an expander for recovery of energy therefrom, the apparatus comprising: means for adding fuel to the exhaust; and means for igniting the fuel to increase the temperature of the exhaust prior to its entry into the expander.
7. A method for recovery of exhaust gas energy from an internal combustion engine substantially as described herein.
8. Apparatus for use in the recovery of exhaust gas energy from an internal combustion engine substantially as described herein and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
GB9320243A 1993-10-01 1993-10-01 Internal combustion engine exhaust gas energy recovery Withdrawn GB2283064A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9320243A GB2283064A (en) 1993-10-01 1993-10-01 Internal combustion engine exhaust gas energy recovery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9320243A GB2283064A (en) 1993-10-01 1993-10-01 Internal combustion engine exhaust gas energy recovery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9320243D0 GB9320243D0 (en) 1993-11-17
GB2283064A true GB2283064A (en) 1995-04-26

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GB9320243A Withdrawn GB2283064A (en) 1993-10-01 1993-10-01 Internal combustion engine exhaust gas energy recovery

Country Status (1)

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GB (1) GB2283064A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8141360B1 (en) * 2005-10-18 2012-03-27 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Hybrid gas turbine and internal combustion engine
US8584459B2 (en) 2006-12-09 2013-11-19 Aeristech Limited Engine induction system
FR3006006A1 (en) * 2013-05-24 2014-11-28 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa SEPARATE EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
US11002185B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-05-11 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Compounded internal combustion engine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110966115A (en) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 湖南工程学院 Waste heat recovery control method for diesel engine of offshore oil production platform

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB578147A (en) * 1944-12-06 1946-06-17 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engine power plants
GB583500A (en) * 1944-06-20 1946-12-19 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engine power plants
GB596819A (en) * 1945-07-18 1948-01-12 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engine power plants
GB678944A (en) * 1949-12-01 1952-09-10 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements relating to power units including internal combustion engines
GB703165A (en) * 1950-10-31 1954-01-27 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements in or relating to control systems for aircraft propulsion power plants including a reciprocating internal combustion engine and an exhaust driven turbine
GB988378A (en) * 1962-02-12 1965-04-07 Ernest Edward Chatterton Improvements in and relating to internal combustion engines
GB1428929A (en) * 1973-03-07 1976-03-24 Ormat Turbines Supercharger system for an internal combustion engine
GB1447830A (en) * 1973-06-20 1976-09-02 Mueller T Motor vehicle or power craft drive system
EP0091139A1 (en) * 1982-04-05 1983-10-12 BBC Brown Boveri AG Exhaust turbocharger on a supercharged diesel engine
US5056315A (en) * 1989-10-17 1991-10-15 Jenkins Peter E Compounded turbocharged rotary internal combustion engine fueled with natural gas

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB583500A (en) * 1944-06-20 1946-12-19 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engine power plants
GB578147A (en) * 1944-12-06 1946-06-17 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engine power plants
GB596819A (en) * 1945-07-18 1948-01-12 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engine power plants
GB678944A (en) * 1949-12-01 1952-09-10 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements relating to power units including internal combustion engines
GB703165A (en) * 1950-10-31 1954-01-27 Napier & Son Ltd Improvements in or relating to control systems for aircraft propulsion power plants including a reciprocating internal combustion engine and an exhaust driven turbine
GB988378A (en) * 1962-02-12 1965-04-07 Ernest Edward Chatterton Improvements in and relating to internal combustion engines
GB1428929A (en) * 1973-03-07 1976-03-24 Ormat Turbines Supercharger system for an internal combustion engine
GB1447830A (en) * 1973-06-20 1976-09-02 Mueller T Motor vehicle or power craft drive system
EP0091139A1 (en) * 1982-04-05 1983-10-12 BBC Brown Boveri AG Exhaust turbocharger on a supercharged diesel engine
US5056315A (en) * 1989-10-17 1991-10-15 Jenkins Peter E Compounded turbocharged rotary internal combustion engine fueled with natural gas

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8141360B1 (en) * 2005-10-18 2012-03-27 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Hybrid gas turbine and internal combustion engine
US8584459B2 (en) 2006-12-09 2013-11-19 Aeristech Limited Engine induction system
FR3006006A1 (en) * 2013-05-24 2014-11-28 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa SEPARATE EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
US11002185B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-05-11 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Compounded internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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