GB2282824A - Reinforcement particles pre-coated with metal matrix; particle-reinforced metal matrix composites - Google Patents
Reinforcement particles pre-coated with metal matrix; particle-reinforced metal matrix composites Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2282824A GB2282824A GB9321215A GB9321215A GB2282824A GB 2282824 A GB2282824 A GB 2282824A GB 9321215 A GB9321215 A GB 9321215A GB 9321215 A GB9321215 A GB 9321215A GB 2282824 A GB2282824 A GB 2282824A
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- GB
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- Prior art keywords
- charge
- particles
- metal
- ceramic particles
- ceramic
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/223—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating specially adapted for coating particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/18—Non-metallic particles coated with metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/50—Substrate holders
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Ceramic reinforcement particles are coated with sufficient matrix material such that, on hot consolidation, the deposited material superplastically deforms and diffusion bonds to produce a fully-dense metal matrix composite without the addition of further matrix material. The ceramic powder may be coated using any known physical vapour deposition technique, on condition that a suitable arrangement is provided to ensure that the particles become evenly coated. During the coating process the powder is contained in a tray exposed to the deposition flux, even coating being achieved by motion of the tray (eg by tilting as illustrated in Fig 1) or by stirring of the particles. The tray may also be subjected to periodic shock or impulse loading. In another embodiment the tray may be rotated, a stationary comb being mounted above the tray with its teeth in contact with the charge. Upon rotation the charge is stirred by the teeth of the comb to expose fresh surfaces of the ceramic particles to the coating flux. More than one physical vapour deposition step may be employed. The ceramic particles may be formed of silicon carbide and the metal matrix material may be Ti-6Al- 4V alloy. <IMAGE>
Description
PARTICLE-REINFORCED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE
The present invention relates to metal matrix composite materials and in particular to a metal matrix composite formed from ceramic particles which have been pre-coated with matrix metal to a depth sufficient to produce a fully-dense material on subsequent hot consolidation without addition of further matrix metal.
Metal matrix composites are of especial interest in the aerospace industry, since such materials combine high strength and high stiffness with low density and good elevated temperature characteristics up to the service temperature of the matrix metal. In the majority of cases the matrix metal is an alloy which may be tailored to suit the particular end use to which the composite is applied.
It is known to produce metal matrix composites based on magnesium or aluminium alloys in which ceramic particulate reinforcement is introduced into molten or semi-liquid metal. However, this method is unsuitable for highly reactive metals such as titanium or its alloys, since the chemical reaction which occurs between the ceramic particles and the liquid metal leads to a degradation in the mechanical properties of the final product.
One possible way of avoiding this is to mix metal and ceramic powders prior to performing a hot consolidation step to form the finished composite. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to achieve intimate mixing of the powders, with the result that non-homogeneous dispersions occur in the final product leading to porosity and poor mechanical performance. Another drawback of this approach is that no commercial source exists for fine titanium powder.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a process which enables ceramic particles to be pre-coated with metal to a depth sufficient that subsequent hot consolidation of the particles yields a fully-dense metal matrix composite material without addition of further matrix metal.
It is also an object of this invention to provide a process which enables ceramic particles to be micro-laminated with successive layers of different metals prior to hot consolidation into a fully-dense metal matrix composite material.
The invention has as a further object the provision of metal matrix composite materials formed from ceramic particles pre-coated with matrix metal.
The use of physical vapour deposition techniques to coat the particles offers the advantage that metal matrix composite materials can be produced which have alloy matrices with compositions outside the scope of ordinary ingot metallurgy. The rapid solidification achieved by such techniques effectively "freezes" individual constituent atoms in position before they have the chance to migrate and segregate as they would in conventional hot melt processes. This increases the likelihood of forming solid solutions in the matrix alloy.
Physical vapour deposition also widens the choice of potential alloying constituents: Because the constituent elements are raised to the vapour state, miscibility is ensured, even between constituents having very limited mutual solubilities under equilibrium conditions.
Thus, according to a first aspect, the invention is a method of producing ceramic particulate reinforcement pre-coated with matrix metal as a precursor for subsequent consolidation to yield a fullydense metal matrix composite material, the method comprising the steps of: (a) placing a charge of ceramic particles in an open receptacle within
a vacuum chamber; (b) evacuating the vacuum chamber; (c) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a physical vapour
deposition process in which a flux of metal vapour is directed
over the surface of the charge, and (d) agitating said charge of ceramic particles throughout the duration
of said physical vapour deposition process to expose fresh
surfaces of said particles to the flux of metal vapour.
Any physical vapour deposition technique can be used for coating the particles, subject to the condition that means are provided to facilitate even coating of the particles. Suitable physical vapour deposition techniques include argon sputtering, electron beam evaporation or arc evaporation.
Preferably the particles are retained in a tray below the metal target and, in order to ensure even exposure to the vapour flux, the tray is agitated by a combination of a rocking motion of the tray, for example by up to t30 relative to the horizontal, and a periodic shock or impulse loading, typically at a frequency of up to 1Hz.
Alternatively, the tray can be agitated by a high frequency vibration of up to 100Hz, or some combination of these different forms of agitation. In another form of the invention, the particles are loaded into a rotatable tray which is driven past a stationary comb that stirs the particles to expose fresh surfaces. This embodiment, too, can be used in combination with periodic and/or continuous oscillation techniques.
For sputter coating with titanium or titanium-based alloys, special measures are required to prevent agglomeration of the particles during coating: The surfaces of the particles are passivated periodically by switching off the sputtering for periods of up to ten minutes and up to once every ten minutes of coating.
Agitation is maintained during such passivation steps.
The method according to the invention may be easily adapted to the case where it is desired to deposit a protective barrier layer prior to deposition of the bulk matrix alloy. This may be of advantage in controlling chemical reactions between the particles and the matrix alloy during subsequent hot consolidation. Alternatively, or in addition, this method can also be used to obtain enhanced mechanical properties in the finished metal matrix composite material by virtue of the micro-laminated structure surrounding each particle.
Thus, in a second aspect, the invention is a method of producing ceramic particulate reinforcement having a protective barrier layer on the particle surfaces beneath the deposit of bulk matrix alloy as a precursor for subsequent consolidation to yield a fully-dense metal matrix composite material, the method comprising the steps of:: (a) placing a charge of ceramic particles in an open receptacle within
a vacuum chamber; (b) evacuating the vacuum chamber; (c) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a first physical
vapour deposition step in which a flux of a first metal vapour
constituting a protective barrier species is directed over the
surface of the charge; (d) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a second physical
vapour deposition step in which a flux of a second metal vapour is
directed over the surface of the charge; (e) agitating said charge of ceramic particles throughout the duration
of each physical vapour deposition step to expose fresh surfaces
of said particles, and (f) maintaining the charge in the respective vapour fluxes for periods
sufficient to deposit predetermined thicknesses of metal on the
particles.
The method above requires only slight modification to make it suitable for pre-coating ceramic particles with a plurality of microlayers.
Thus, in a third aspect, the invention is a method of producing ceramic particulate reinforcement micro-laminated with successive layers of different matrix metals as a precursor for subsequent consolidation to yield a fully-dense metal matrix composite material, the method comprising the steps of:: (a) placing a charge of ceramic particles in an open receptacle within
a vacuum chamber; (b) evacuating the vacuum chamber; (c) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a first physical
vapour deposition step in which a flux of a first metal vapour is
directed over the surface of the charge; (d) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a second physical
vapour deposition step in which a flux of a second metal vapour is
directed over the surface of the charge; (e) optionally subjecting said charge to a third or further physical
vapour deposition steps in which a flux of a third metal vapour or
further metal vapours is/are directed over the surface of the
charge; (f) optionally repeating steps (c) to (e) as many times as desired;; (g) agitating said charge of ceramic particles throughout the duration
of each physical vapour deposition step to expose fresh surfaces
of said particles, and (h) maintaining the charge in the respective vapour fluxes for periods
sufficient to deposit predetermined thicknesses of metal on the
particles.
As indicated above, any suitable physical vapour deposition technique can be used to coat the particles. Similar measures to the preceding examples can also be adopted for agitating the particles, to ensure that they become evenly coated.
The methods of the invention avoid the disadvantages associated with known techniques involving liquid metal, namely ensuring adequate wetting of the particles by the matrix alloy and minimising the metal/ ceramic chemical interaction. They also facilitate better particle distribution than the alternative solid state method of powder mixing and hot consolidation, resulting in superior mechanical properties.
Another advantage over the powder mixing route is that consolidation of pre-coated particles can be conducted at lower temperatures, or for shorter times, than would necessary for the corresponding powders.
This, too, leads to improvements in mechanical properties.
In a fourth aspect, the invention is a ceramic particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material obtained by hot consolidation of a mass of ceramic particles pre-coated with matrix metal of a depth sufficient to yield a fully-dense composite material without addition of further matrix metal.
The pre-coated particles may either have a monolithic coating of a single metal or alloy, or they may have a protective barrier coating on their surfaces beneath the deposit of bulk matrix material, or they may be coated with micro-layers of different metals or alloys. These last two alternatives facilitate regulation of mechanical properties either through control of particle/matrix chemical interactions or through modification of the matrix composition.
The invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of one form of apparatus suitable for
putting the invention into effect, and
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another form of apparatus.
Referring now to Figure 1, a charge 10 of ceramic particles is loaded into a particle tray 20 inside a vacuum chamber 30. The particle tray 20 is linked to a mechanical actuator (not shown) which is operable to rock the tray by up to 30 relative to the horizontal, as depicted by the dotted outlines in the Figure. A second actuator (also not shown) is operable to impart periodic shocks or impulse loads to the particle tray. A sputter coating target 40 of suitable composition overlies the particle tray.
During the coating process, the actuators are engaged to agitate the charge 10 of ceramic particles in order to ensure that fresh particle surfaces are continuously exposed to the coating flux. The vacuum chamber 30 is primed with a partial pressure of argon which is then subjected to a large potential difference (of the order of 10 000 volts) to effect ionisation. The ionised argon then bombards the sputter coating target 40 and ejects atoms of matrix metal therefrom, some of the ejected atoms impinging on the surface of the agitated ceramic particles.
In this way a near-uniform coating can be built up on the entire population of ceramic particles comprising the charge 10.
A metal matrix composite containing 35% by volume of silicon carbide particles (mean particle diameter 5pm) in a matrix of
Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been obtained using the method and apparatus described above. In order to achieve effective sputter coating with the titanium alloy, special measures were adopted to suppress agglomeration of the particles during coating. This entailed periodic passivation of the particle surfaces by stopping the sputtering for periods of up to ten minutes with a frequency of up to once every ten minutes throughout the coating operation. Agitation of the charge 10 was maintained during passivation.
In Figure 2 is depicted another embodiment of the coating apparatus for putting the invention into effect. This arrangement is very similar to that described above for Figure 1, so like reference numerals have been used to denote common pieces of the apparatus. The major difference lies in the means for agitating the charge 10 of ceramic particles. In the Figure 2 embodiment, a rotatable particle tray 21 is used and a stationary comb 22 is mounted above the tray with its teeth depending into the charge 10. Upon rotation of the tray, the charge 10 is stirred by the teeth of the comb to expose fresh surfaces of the ceramic particles to the coating flux. The sputtering process is then carried out in the same fashion as before.
Whilst the invention has been particularly described with reference to coating of silicon carbide particles of specified mean diameter, it will be apparent to persons skilled in the art that other non-continuous product forms such as whiskers or platelets can also be pre-coated using the methods of the present invention. These coated precursors can then be used to form fully-dense metal matrix composite materials by hot consolidation without addition of further matrix metal. As indicated above, this technique avoids the difficulties associated with molten metal processes and also overcomes the problem of achieving homogeneous products by intimate mixing of dry metal powder and ceramic reinforcement. Other variations may be apparent to persons skilled in the art within the scope of the claims which follow.
Claims (15)
1. A method of producing ceramic particulate reinforcement pre-coated with matrix metal as a precursor for subsequent consolidation to yield a fully-dense metal matrix composite material, the method comprising the steps of: (a) placing a charge of ceramic particles in an open receptacle within
a vacuum chamber; (b) evacuating the vacuum chamber; (c) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a physical vapour
deposition process in which a flux of metal vapour is directed
over the surface of the charge, and (d) agitating said charge of ceramic particles throughout the duration
of said physical vapour deposition process to expose fresh
surfaces of said particles to the flux of metal vapour.
2. A method of producing ceramic particulate reinforcement having a protective barrier layer on the particle surfaces beneath the deposit of bulk matrix alloy as a precursor for subsequent consolidation to yield a fully-dense metal matrix composite material, the method comprising the steps of: (a) placing a charge of ceramic particles in an open receptacle within
a vacuum chamber; (b) evacuating the vacuum chamber; (c) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a first physical
vapour deposition step in which a flux of a first metal vapour
constituting a protective barrier species is directed over the
surface of the charge; (d) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a second physical
vapour deposition step in which a flux of a second metal vapour is
directed over the surface of the charge;; (e) agitating said charge of ceramic particles throughout the duration
of each physical vapour deposition step to expose fresh surfaces
of said particles, and (f) maintaining the charge in the respective vapour fluxes for periods
sufficient to deposit predetermined thicknesses of metal on the
particles.
3. A method of producing ceramic particulate reinforcement microlaminated with successive layers of different matrix metals as a precursor for subsequent consolidation to yield a fully-dense metal matrix composite material, the method comprising the steps of: (a) placing a charge of ceramic particles in an open receptacle within
a vacuum chamber; (b) evacuating the vacuum chamber; (c) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a first physical
vapour deposition step in which a flux of a first metal vapour is
directed over the surface of the charge; (d) subjecting said charge of ceramic particles to a second physical
vapour deposition step in which a flux of a second metal vapour is
directed over the surface of the charge;; (e) optionally subjecting said charge to a third or further physical
vapour deposition step(s) in which a flux of a third metal vapour
or further metal vapours is/are directed over the surface of the
charge; (f) optionally repeating steps (c) to (e) as many times as desired; (g) agitating said charge of ceramic particles throughout the duration
of each physical vapour deposition step to expose fresh surfaces
of said particles, and (h) maintaining the charge in the respective vapour fluxes for periods
sufficient to deposit predetermined thicknesses of metal on the
particles.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the charge of ceramic particles is agitated by applying a high frequency vibration to the receptacle.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the receptacle is vibrated with a frequency up to 100 Hz.
6. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the charge of ceramic particles is agitated by stirring means.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the receptacle is rotatably mounted beneath a stationary comb which stirs the charge of ceramic particles upon rotation of the receptacle.
8. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the charge of ceramic particles is agitated by a rocking motion of the receptacle.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the receptacle is rocked by up to t300 relative to the horizontal.
10. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the charge of ceramic particles is agitated by applying a periodic shock or impulse loading to the receptacle.
11. A method as claimed in claim 11 wherein the frequency of the periodic shock or impulse loading is up to 1 Hz.
12. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the surfaces of the ceramic particles are periodically passivated to prevent agglomeration thereof by interrupting the physical vapour deposition at intervals during the coating operation.
13. A ceramic particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material obtained by hot consolidation of a mass of ceramic particles pre-coated with matrix metal of a depth sufficient to yield a fully-dense composite material without addition of further matrix metal.
14. A ceramic particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material as claimed in claim 13 wherein the particles are provided with a vapourdeposited protective barrier coating on their surfaces beneath the deposit of bulk matrix material.
15. A ceramic particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material as claimed in claim 13 wherein the particles are provided with a multiple layer matrix coating of two or more metals or alloys.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9321215A GB2282824A (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1993-10-14 | Reinforcement particles pre-coated with metal matrix; particle-reinforced metal matrix composites |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9321215A GB2282824A (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1993-10-14 | Reinforcement particles pre-coated with metal matrix; particle-reinforced metal matrix composites |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9321215D0 GB9321215D0 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
| GB2282824A true GB2282824A (en) | 1995-04-19 |
Family
ID=10743546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9321215A Withdrawn GB2282824A (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1993-10-14 | Reinforcement particles pre-coated with metal matrix; particle-reinforced metal matrix composites |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2282824A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7632355B2 (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 2009-12-15 | Allomet | Apparatus and method of treating fine powders |
| WO2014043728A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Technische Universität Wien | Device for coating a substrate made of particles |
| CN113249686A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-13 | 上海交通大学 | Method for modifying reinforcement for casting aluminum-lithium-based composite material |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1436558A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1976-05-19 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Preparation of catalysts |
| GB1492041A (en) * | 1974-02-22 | 1977-11-16 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Catalysts and treatment of ic engine exhaust gases |
| GB1497782A (en) * | 1975-02-13 | 1978-01-12 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Apparatus for depositing material |
| GB1548061A (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1979-07-04 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and apparatus for forming a deposit by means of a glow discharge |
| JPS56130469A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1981-10-13 | Sanyo Shinku Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of fine grain for decoration |
| GB2124259A (en) * | 1982-07-24 | 1984-02-15 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | Apparatus for the ion-cladding of bulk material |
| JPS62250172A (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1987-10-31 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for coating ultrafine powder |
| EP0345795A1 (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1989-12-13 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Process and apparatus for coating fine powders |
-
1993
- 1993-10-14 GB GB9321215A patent/GB2282824A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1436558A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1976-05-19 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Preparation of catalysts |
| GB1492041A (en) * | 1974-02-22 | 1977-11-16 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Catalysts and treatment of ic engine exhaust gases |
| GB1497782A (en) * | 1975-02-13 | 1978-01-12 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Apparatus for depositing material |
| GB1548061A (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1979-07-04 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and apparatus for forming a deposit by means of a glow discharge |
| JPS56130469A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1981-10-13 | Sanyo Shinku Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of fine grain for decoration |
| GB2124259A (en) * | 1982-07-24 | 1984-02-15 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | Apparatus for the ion-cladding of bulk material |
| JPS62250172A (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1987-10-31 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for coating ultrafine powder |
| EP0345795A1 (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1989-12-13 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Process and apparatus for coating fine powders |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Japio Abstract of JP 62 250 172 A * |
| WPI Abstract Accession No. 88-166153/24 & JP 56 130 469 A * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7632355B2 (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 2009-12-15 | Allomet | Apparatus and method of treating fine powders |
| WO2014043728A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Technische Universität Wien | Device for coating a substrate made of particles |
| CN113249686A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-13 | 上海交通大学 | Method for modifying reinforcement for casting aluminum-lithium-based composite material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9321215D0 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |