GB2281568A - Brassica oleracea having cytoplasmic male sterility - Google Patents
Brassica oleracea having cytoplasmic male sterility Download PDFInfo
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- GB2281568A GB2281568A GB9417753A GB9417753A GB2281568A GB 2281568 A GB2281568 A GB 2281568A GB 9417753 A GB9417753 A GB 9417753A GB 9417753 A GB9417753 A GB 9417753A GB 2281568 A GB2281568 A GB 2281568A
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- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 title claims description 101
- 235000011302 Brassica oleracea Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 17
- 206010021929 Infertility male Diseases 0.000 title claims description 15
- 208000007466 Male Infertility Diseases 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 235000011303 Brassica alboglabra Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 76
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 claims description 37
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000017647 Brassica oleracea var italica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000004221 Brassica oleracea var gemmifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000308368 Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000178937 Brassica oleracea var. capitata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001249699 Capitata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000017163 Acephala Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001465180 Botrytis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011331 Brassica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000304217 Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000128884 Zier Kohl Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001332183 Brassica oleracea var. sabauda Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004214 Brassica oleracea var. sabauda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VYQNWZOUAUKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 VYQNWZOUAUKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 244000178993 Brassica juncea Species 0.000 description 7
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011332 Brassica juncea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000014700 Brassica juncea var napiformis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 210000003763 chloroplast Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000180419 Brassica nigra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001301148 Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000427033 Stomolophus meleagris Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003976 plant breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005849 recognition of pollen Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/04—Plant cells or tissues
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
2281568 ORGANIC COMIPOUNDS The present invention relates to the obtention
of Brassica oleracea plants displaying cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). In particular, the invention relates to the incorporation of CMS into commercially desirable plants of B. oleracea.
Male sterility is of value in B. oleracea hybrid seed breeding because normal B. oleracea plants produce flowers which are often selfpollinating. Male sterile plant lines do not produce viable pollen and are not able to self-pollinate. The elimination of pollen in one parental plant in a cross assures the plant breeder of obtaining hybrid seed of uniform quality. In the past, commercial producers of hybrid seed have used nuclear self-incompatibility systems to avoid self-pollination during seed production, however, such systems can result in impure hybrid seed lots. Further disadvantages of such systems are that they are time consuming and laborious.
Breeders have turned to other means of introducing male sterility into B. oleracea plants. One system is described in British patent GB 2 211205, where B. oleracea protoplasts comprising as inactivated nucleus and having Ogura CMS cytoplasm are fused with protoplasts of B. oleracea having a functional nucleus and cold tolerant chloroplasts. Allogenic cells thus obtained were regenerated into plants which could then be used in the preparation of other cytoplasmic male sterile B. oleracea plants having a B. oleracea nucleus, B. oleracea chloroplasts and mitochondria of the CMS Ogura cytoplasm employing in vitro and/or crossing techniques. Thus, cytoplasmic male sterility was successfully transferred into commercial varieties. However, there are drawbacks to the procedure. Plants obtained via the invention of GB 2 211 205 show some variegation in the leaf which must be bred out by employing further breeding steps. In addition, the nectaries of plants GB 2 211 205 are generally not as well developed as nectaries of non-ogura CMS containing B. oleracea plants, and this under-development can result in below optimal seed set in such plants. 0 There exists a need to provide an alternative method to CMS B. oleracea plants without A having the disadvantage summarized above.
A source of CMS is that of CMS Brassica Juncea (CMSJ), Brown Mustard, an amphidiploid product of monogenomic parents, B. campestris and B. nigra,. This source of CMS has been known for some years. The genome of B. napus has also been reported as having been transferred into the cytoplasm of B. juncea (Mathias R. (1985) Z. Pfianzenzuchtig. 95:371 374), thereby creating CMSj B. naDus plants. However, CMSj B. naDus plants have not been used hitherto in the commercial production of hybrid seed of B. navus since the production of hybrid seed is impeded by the partial allogamous character of that crop. Such plants are not known to have been used hitherto in the obtention of B. oleracea plants whether for experimental or commercial purposes.
It has now been found that CMS B. oleracea plants comprising mitochondria of the CNISj cytoplasm do not have the drawbacks observed with the CMS plants having ogura cytoplasm.
It is an object of the present invention to provide CMS B. oleracea plants comprising mitochondria of the CNISj cytoplasm.
By the term "plant" is meant the plant in its entirety or any part or parts thereof. The part(s) may be either propagatory e.g. a cutting or an edible part. Edible portions include those portions which are typically sold in the fresh produce shelves of super markets and the like or are sold to the canning and/or pickling industries. Thus edible portions include but are not limited to plants parts such as Brussels sprouts buttons, broccoli heads or florets andlor shoots, cauliflower heads, cauliflower florets, cabbage heads, cabbage leaves and the like.
The term CNISj as used hereinafter refers to Brassica juncea originating cytoplasm comprising Brassica juncea mitochondria that when present in Brassica oleracea plants confers male sterility thereto. The term CMSj Brassica oleracea plant or plant material as used hereinafter refers to a Brassica oleracea plant or plant material comprising CU[Sj cytoplasm. Such CNISj cytoplasm will of course also comprise Brassica juncea chloroplasts.
The term hybrid seed as used hereinafter refers to F l hybrid seed and seed derived from plant material derived therefrom. The present invention is paticularly suitable for the obtention of CMS in the following Brassica oleracea plants:
1. Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. botrytis L. (cauliflower) 2. Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. alba DC (white cabbage) 3. Brassica oleracea L. convar. gemmifera DC (Brussels sprouts) 4. Brassica oleracca L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. sabellica L. (curly kale) 5. Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. sabauda L. (Savoy cabbage) 0 6. Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. rubra DC (red cabbage) 7. Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. gongylodes (Kohlrabi) 8. Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. ithalica (broccoli) and more preferably, in cauliflower, white cabbage, Brussels sprouts and broccoli as per the above. It is to be understood that the Brassica types referred to above in 1 to 8 relate to Brassica types in a generic sense. For example, item 8, Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. ithalica, relates to broccoli plants whether they be purple sprouting, green or other broccoli type.
As a further embodiment of the invention there is provided a process of preparing B.oleracea plants comprising at least the characteristic of CNISj wherein the process comprises:
i) performing an initial cross between a CMSj Brassica plant and a B. oleracea plant; ii) taking embryo material from the said cross and regenerating plants therefrom; and iii) selecting regenerated plants and performing repeated backcrosses on selected progeny thereof until B. oleracea plants displaying normal seed set and phenotypical uniformity with respect to at least the characteristic of male sterility are obtained.
The CMSj containing Brassica plant species used in the initial cross may be any plant species from the family Brassicaceae which is capable of being compatible with a B. oleracea plant. That is, a CMSj containing plant when crossed with a B. oleracea plant should give rise to viable progeny from which selections can be made for plants which can be utilized in a breeding program for the ultimate obtention of CMSj containing B. oferacea plants. Examples of Brassica plants containing CMSj are B. Juncea and CMSi B. navus The CMSj Brassica plant is the female fertile, male sterile (i.e. female parent) plant in the initial cross. The B. oleracea plant to be crossed is the female fertile, male fertile (i.e. male parent) plant. The crossing B. oleracea plant partner, can be any plant selected from any agronomically important plant type such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage (red, white or green), kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts and the like.
The embryo material can comprise the whole embryo or part thereof, or material derived therefrom, (for example callus material), so long, as it is capable of being cultured and D reaenerated into a B. oleracea plant using techniques employed in the art. The embryo IM material is typically whole embryo separated from the seed coat using embryo rescue methods widely known in the art. An example of embryo rescue techniques and the regeneration of B. oleracea plants is outlined herein (Example 1).
Selected progeny in step iii) displaying desirable characteristics to the breeder are subjected to repeated backcrosses with B. oleracea, plants showing similar or other characteristics of interest to the breeder until at least the characteristics of male sterility is uniformly incorporated in progeny B. oleracea plants. Thus, resulting plants are phenotypically uniform with respect to at least the characteristic of male sterility. Typically, the uniform inheritance of at least the characteristic of cytoplasmic male sterility requires at least 2 backcrosses Generally, the breeder makes about 4 backcrosses, preferably at least 6 backcrosses, depending on the B. oleracea plant type of interest. The breeder will also be looking for normal seed set in B. oleracea plants obtained which demonstrates to him that plants obtained conform to the phenotype typical of B. oleracea. Normal seed set means seed set similar to that of the seed set of the parent backcross partner i.e. the female fertile, male fertile parent The breeder will also be looking at other characteristics to breed into male sterile B. oleracea plants obtained and it may take a longer period of backcrossing to breed such characteristics stably into B. oleracea plants of the invention. Such characteristics can include but are not limited to, for example, head or curd quality, andlor self protection in cauliflower, internal quality and or colour in red cabbage, standing ability in Brussels sprouts, disease resistance, plant architecture, earliness and the like.
There now follows a general description of how B. oleracea plants of the invention can be obtained.
CMSj B. oleracea plants can be obtained by crossing CMSj B. napus as the female parent, with B. oleracea, as the male parent, and performing embryo rescue techniques on developing embryos, regenerating plants from selected embryos, followed by backcrossing of selected plants displaying desirable characteristics with B. oleracea plants comprising similar andlor desirable additional characteristics until a normal seed set typical for a B. oleracea plant is observed i.e. indicates a ploidy level typical of B. oleracea. Preferably the B. oleracea plant is diploid i.e. 2n=2x=18. Such,B. oleracea plants comprising normal seed set are repeatedly backcrossed with.B. oleracea plants comprising similar andlor desirable additional traits, to at least the second backcross, preferably to at least the sixth backcross. Once the characteristic of male sterility is incorporated uniformly into a B. oleracea plant, that plant or plant material from it can be further utilized e.g. in backcrossing with plants of its own type or can be crossed with different plant types of B. oleracea to introduce the characteristic of male sterility into other B.oleracea plant types. For example, a third backcross male sterile broccoli or later backcross can be crossed with a cauliflower and by utilizing repeated backcrossing with cauliflower, cytoplasmic male sterility can be incorporated into cauliflower. CMSj cabbages (red, white or green), Brussels sprouts, Kohlrabi, curly kale and the like can be obtained similarly. Embryo rescue techniques and crossing techniques are well known to the skilled breeder.
The progeny of the initial cross can thus follow a number of possible paths including those as outlined above, as summarized hereinbelow:
1) It may be crossed with the B. oleracea parent. Such a cross is a backcross and would have the effect of enriching the characteristics of the B. oleracea parent in the next generation.
2) It may be crossed with a plant of the same species or subspecies as the.B. oleracea parent, either to introduce new characteristics or to affirm the inheritance of certain characteristics of that group.
3) It may be crossed with a plant from a species or subspecies different from the species or subspecies of the B. oleracea parent. Such a cross would have the effect of introducing further new characteristics.
4) It may be crossed with a plant which is itself the product of one or more crosses.
Such breeding programs are cumulative and span a number of years, with careful selection taking place at each stage of the program. It will be appreciated that such breeding programs must be selected such that B. oleracea are obtained comprising the chloroplasts and mitochondria of B. itincea and B. oleracea plant nucleus.
Naturally, the breeder will comprehend that embryo material of the initial cross can be obtained via embryo rescue techniques and regenerated into plants, or plants can be derived from seed resulting from the initial cross. Preferably, product plants of the initial cross are derived from embryo material since the number of potential plants from which selections can be made is large relative to the number of selections which can be made from plants grown via conventional seed planting and plant selection procedures.
The above disclosure describes the present invention. A more complete understanding of the invention can be had by reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the examples are provided herein for the express purpose of illustrating the invention only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
EXAMPLE 1: Embryo Rescue Technique Twelve to fifteen days after crossing a CMSj B. ngpus (female parent) with a B. oleracea (male parent), ovaries exhibiting signs of growth i.e. the fruit begins to swell and harden and has a greenish colouring, are harvested and disinfected by dipping in 70% alcohol for 1 minute, followed by incubating the ovaries in a 1 % by weight Na0C1 solution for 10 minutes, followed by rinsing twice in sterilized water, 5 minutes per rinse. The developing seed is then removed under a dissecting microscope (low magnification) in a sterile laminar airflow cabinet, and the embryo removed from the seed coat.
Individual lots of 15 - 30 embryos are then incubated in contact with 25 mI liquid White A medium in 75 nil Erlenmeyer flasks for between 7 days at about 15'C, with 16 hr light/days. The White A medium contains per litre:
1 1 filtered or distilled water 0,94 g White's basal salt mixture (commercially available from Sigma Chemicals, USA) 80 g sucrose 400 mg caseine hydrolysate (commercially available from Sigma Chemicals, USA) pH adjusted to 5,8 0,2 prior to autoclaving and addition to Erlenmeyer flasks.
When the embryos are 1,5 min long, after 7 - 20 days, embryos are transferred from liquid White A medium to 25 inI solid White B medium in 75 nil flasks; one embryo per flask, for between 14 - 21 days, at 22'C with 16 hr light/days i.e. until callus formation. The solid White B medium contains per litre:
1 1 filtered or distilled water 0.94 g White's basal salt mixture (Sigma Chemicals, USA) g sucrose IC:
pH adjusted to 5,8 0.2 prior to addition of 8 g agar (commercially available from Merck, NQ, then autoclaved in the flasks prior to the addition of embryos.
Once callus rooting material appears, rooting calli are transferred from solid White B medium to solid 0 medium ( I per port) and left for 3 weeks at 22C, 16 hr light/days. Every 3 weeks, 0 medium is replaced by fresh 0 medium. Further new plant material appears after 28 - 60 days.
Solid 0 medium contains per litre:
4,42 g1l MS-Macro elements (comm. available from Duchefa BV, NL) 1,00 n-d MS-Micro elements form a I I solution containing:
CoCl, - 6H20 0,025 mg/l CUS04 - 5H20 0,025 mg/l H,BO3 6,20 mg/l KI 0,83 mg/l MnSO4 - H,O 16,90 mg/l Na2M004 - 2H20 0,25 mg/l ZnS04-7H,O 8,60 mg/l I ml MS-Vitamins (commercially available from Duchefa BV) I ml FeNaEDTA (36,7 mg/ml) (FeNaEDTA commercially available from Sigma Chemicals, USA) 30 g sucrose 7 a agar (Merck, NQ 9-1 C- Developing shoots are separated from callus and placed on 0 medium, 4 to 5 shoots per pot and left for a period of time. After 10 days roots of between 1 - 15 mm are observed. Once sufficient roots are formed the plantlets are transplanted into soil and maintained in a greenhouse under plastic film in a high relative humidity (RH: 90 - 100%). After 1 week the plastic film is gradually removed and the plantlets exposed to a lower RH of from about 40 to 80%. The temperature of the greenhouse is not critical and may vary between the range of 15' to 25'C.
The average survival rate i.e. development into plants from rescued embryos is from about 5 to about 10%.
EXAMPLE 2: Production of B. oleracea plants (broccoli) uniform for the characteristic of CMSj Reference is made to Breeding Scheme 1.
CMSj B. napus (2n=2x=38 chromosomes - female parent), obtained from The Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Georg August University, Gottingen, Germany, is crossed with B. oleracea var. ithalica (2n=2x=18 chromosomes - male parent), (cv Zaadunie BV). 12 Fl plants are obtained via embryo rescue techniques, as described in example 1.
An F1 plant given inhouse designation No. 7 (2n=2x=36 chromosomes), is selected and backcrossed with a B. oleracea var. ithalica (2n=2x=18) and permitted to set seed. This is the first backcross (BCl). 9 plants are obtained (2n=2x=26-27 chromosomes). I plant from BC1, given inhouse designation 7-3, is selected and backcrossed with B. oleracea var. ithalica, providing the second backcross (BC2). Seeds are grown from BC2 and selected plants backcrossed with B. Oleracea var. ithalica forming the third backcross (BC3). Plants of BC3 display normal seed set (2n=2x= 18 chromosomes) for B. oleracea plants. Selected BC3 plants are further backcrossed with B. oleracea var. ithalica, resulting in BC4 from which selected progeny are backcrossed again, resulting in BC5, and selected progeny therefrom is further backcrossed, resulting in BC6 plants. Plants of BO to BC6 display uniformity with respect to the characteristic of cytoplasmic male sterility. They have normal seed set for B. oleracea var. ithalica (broccoli) indicating that they are true B. oleracea plants with normal diploid chromosome number (2n=2x=18).
EXAMPLE 3: Production of B. oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower) uniform for the characteristic of CMSj Reference is made to Breeding Scheme 2.
CMSj B. oleracea var. ithalica (broccoli; 2n=2x--18 chromosomes - female parent) obtained according to Example 2 above is crossed with B. oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower; 2n--2x=18 chromosomes - male parent). An FI plant designated 920111 is selected and backcrossed with a B. oleracea var. botrytis (2n=2x= 18) and permitted to set seed. This is the first backcross (BC1). One plant from this BC1 population, given inhouse designation 930131, is selected and backcrossed with B. oleracea var. botrytis, providing the second backcross (BC2) population. B. oleracea var. botrytis plants of BC2 display normal seed set (2n=2x=18 chromosomes) for B. oleracea var. botrytis plants, and display normal cauliflower shape and colour.
Case 137-1086 Breeding Scheme 1 CMSj B. napus x B. oleracea var. ithalica (2n=2x=1 8) (2x=2n=38) e.r.m.
IF Plant No. 7 x B. oleracea var. ithalica (2n=2x=36) v (BC1) Plant No. 7-3 x B. oleracea var. ithalica (2n=2x=26-27) JP (BC2) Plant No. 7-3-1 x B. oleracea var. ithalica (BC3) Plant No. 897311 x B. oleracea var. ithalica (2n=2x=1 8) normal seed set JP (BC4) Plant No. 900008 xB.oleracea var. ithalica (2n=2x= 18) (BC5) Plant No. 910007 x B. oleracea var. ithafica (2n=2x=1 8) (BC6) Plant No. 920121 2n=2x=1 8 Breeding Scheme 2 F1 B. oleracea var. ithalica x B. oleracea var. botrytis (2n=2x=1 8; CMSj) (2n=2x=1 8) (cauliflower) (BC1) Plant No. 920111 x B. oleracea var. botrytis (2n=2x=1 8; CMSj) (2n=2x=1 8) (cauliflower) JP (BC2) Plant No. 930131 x B. oleracea var. botrytis (2n=2x=1 8; CIVISD (2n=2x=1 8) (cauliflower) Plants (2n=2x=1 8) (cauliflower; CMSj) X;
Claims (13)
1. CMS B. oleracea, plants or parts thereof comprising mitochondria of the CMSj cytoplasm.
2. Plants or parts thereof according to Claim 1 wherein the CMSj cytoplasm is derived from a CMSj B. napus plant.
3. Plants or parts thereof according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 which are diploid.
4. The CMS Brassica oleracea plant or parts thereof according to Claim 1 which is Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephela (DC.) Alef. var. botrytis L. (cauliflower).
5. The CMS Brassica oleracea plant or parts thereof according to Claim 1 which is Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. alba DC. (white cabbage).
6. The CMS Brassica oleracca plant or parts thereof according to Claim 1 which is Brassica oleracea L. convar. gemmifera DC. (Brussels sprouts).
7. The CMS Brassica oleracea plant or parts thereof according to Claim 1 which is Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. sabellica L. (Curly kale).
8. The CMS Brassica oleracea plant or parts thereof according to Claim 1 which is Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. sabauda L. (Savoy cabbage).
9. The CMS Brassica oleracca plant or parts thereof according to Claim 1 which is Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. rubra DC. (red cabbage).
10. The CMS Brassica oleracea plant or parts thereof according to Claim 1 which is Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. gongylodes (kohlrabi).
11. The CMS Brassica oleracea plant or parts thereof according to Claim 1 which is Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. ithalica (broccoli).
r
12. Seed of plants according to any one of Claims 1 to 11.
13. A method of producing CMSj B. oleracea plants comprising:
i) performing an initial cross between a CM5j Brassica plant and a B. oleracea plant; ii) taking embryo material resulting from the initial cross and regenerating plants therefrom; and iii) selecting regenerated plants resulting from (R) and performing repeated backcrosses on selected progeny thereof until B. oleracea plants displaying normal seed set and phenotypical uniformity with respect to at least the characteristic of male sterility are obtained.
v
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939318429A GB9318429D0 (en) | 1993-09-06 | 1993-09-06 | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9417753D0 GB9417753D0 (en) | 1994-10-19 |
| GB2281568A true GB2281568A (en) | 1995-03-08 |
Family
ID=10741567
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939318429A Pending GB9318429D0 (en) | 1993-09-06 | 1993-09-06 | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
| GB9417753A Withdrawn GB2281568A (en) | 1993-09-06 | 1994-09-02 | Brassica oleracea having cytoplasmic male sterility |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939318429A Pending GB9318429D0 (en) | 1993-09-06 | 1993-09-06 | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07147860A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4430637A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2712771A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB9318429D0 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITRM940566A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL9401447A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8030548B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2011-10-04 | Dhara Vegetable Oil And Foods Company Limited | Cytoplasmic male sterility system for Brassica species and its use for hybrid seed production in indian oilseed mustard Brassica juncea |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10136378C2 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-07-31 | Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Han | Male sterility in grasses of the genus Lolium |
| AU2003231927A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-26 | Dhara Vegetable Oil And Foods Company Ltd | Development of cytoplasmic male sterile brassica oleracea plants and the method of producing such plants |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2211205A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-06-28 | Zaadunie Bv | Method for producing Brassica oleracea by protoplast fusion |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4751347A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-06-14 | Allelix, Inc. | Process for transferring cytoplasmic elements in Brassica, and products thereof |
| US4767888A (en) * | 1987-02-24 | 1988-08-30 | University Of Guelph | Production of cole crops which exhibit triazine tolerance |
-
1993
- 1993-09-06 GB GB939318429A patent/GB9318429D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-08-29 DE DE4430637A patent/DE4430637A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-09-02 GB GB9417753A patent/GB2281568A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-09-02 FR FR9410635A patent/FR2712771A1/en active Pending
- 1994-09-05 JP JP6211107A patent/JPH07147860A/en active Pending
- 1994-09-05 IT IT94RM000566A patent/ITRM940566A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-06 NL NL9401447A patent/NL9401447A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2211205A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-06-28 | Zaadunie Bv | Method for producing Brassica oleracea by protoplast fusion |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Progress Report 1985, pages 13 to 15 * |
| Z.Pflanzenzuechst 1985,95(4),371-374 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8030548B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2011-10-04 | Dhara Vegetable Oil And Foods Company Limited | Cytoplasmic male sterility system for Brassica species and its use for hybrid seed production in indian oilseed mustard Brassica juncea |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL9401447A (en) | 1995-04-03 |
| FR2712771A1 (en) | 1995-06-02 |
| GB9318429D0 (en) | 1993-10-20 |
| ITRM940566A1 (en) | 1996-03-06 |
| JPH07147860A (en) | 1995-06-13 |
| ITRM940566A0 (en) | 1994-09-05 |
| GB9417753D0 (en) | 1994-10-19 |
| DE4430637A1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |