GB2280991A - Terminal for attaching a wire to a pcb - Google Patents
Terminal for attaching a wire to a pcb Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2280991A GB2280991A GB9316579A GB9316579A GB2280991A GB 2280991 A GB2280991 A GB 2280991A GB 9316579 A GB9316579 A GB 9316579A GB 9316579 A GB9316579 A GB 9316579A GB 2280991 A GB2280991 A GB 2280991A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- clamping members
- terminal
- pair
- pcb
- wire clamping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/50—Fixed connections
- H01R12/51—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures
- H01R12/55—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals
- H01R12/58—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals terminals for insertion into holes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
- H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
- H01R4/183—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section
- H01R4/184—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion
- H01R4/185—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion combined with a U-shaped insulation-receiving portion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/20—Pins, blades, or sockets shaped, or provided with separate member, to retain co-operating parts together
Landscapes
- Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
A terminal (2) suitable for use with a stripped insulated wire (10) and for assembly with a PCB (11), comprising respective pairs of upper and lower wire clamping members (5, 6), wherein one of the pairs of wire clamping members (5) has a respective pair of position-retaining tongues (8) and the other pair of wire clamping members (6) has a respective pair of tabs (9). When the terminal (2) is attached to the stripped end of the insulated wire (10) by the wire clamping members (5, 6) and is inserted in a hole (12) in the PCB (11), the respective pairs of position-retaining tongues (8) and tabs (9) engage with respective opposed surfaces of the PCB (11), to retain the terminal (2) in a generally perpendicular orientation with respect to the plane of the PCB (11). <IMAGE>
Description
INSULATED WIRE TERMINAL
DESCRIPTION
This invention relates to a terminal for an insulated wire and is especially, but not exclusively, related to such a terminal for enhancing the assembly of an insulated wire on to an associated printed circuit board (PCB) for firm location with respect thereto.
A conventional insulated wire terminal strip has a plurality of pressed terminal plates spaced along the length of and perpendicular to one side of a common connecting strip which can be rolled up for storage, transportation and supply purposes. Each terminal comprises a body, a lower pair of wire clamping members, an upper pair of wire clamping members and a pair of insulation clamping members. At the lower end of the body there is an outwardly inclined position-retaining tongue and on the upper edges of the upper pair of wire clamping members is a corresponding pair of generally horizontal tabs.
Viewed from one end of the terminal, it presents a Ushaped configuration. The terminal is crimped or otherwise attached to the stripped end of an insulated wire using the respective pairs of lower and upper wire clamping members, the remaining pair of clamping members gripping the insulated portion of the wire, so that the terminal and associated insulation-stripped end of the wire can be inserted into an associated hole in the PCB. The pair of tabs on the upper edges of the upper pair of wire clamping members engage one surface of the PCB in the region of the associated hole, whilst the single, outwardly-inclined positionretaining tongue at the lower end of the body, which extends and acts generally normally to the pair of horizontal tabs, engages with the other, opposed surface of the PCB, again in the region of the associated hole therein. Because there is only one position-retaining tongue acting against the adjacent surface of the PCB at right-angles to the pair of horizontal tabs on the upper edges of the upper pair of wire clamping members, the terminal cannot be fixed firmly to the PCB and it tends to rock about the pair of horizontal tabs, so that it cannot be maintained in a generally vertical orientation. As a consequence, such movement of the terminal from the vertical or from a perpendicular orientation with respect to the plane of the PCB, it can interfere with the assembly of other components upon the PCB, as well as not providing a suitable ohmic contact with the associated conductive component(s) of the PCB, thus causing an open circuit therebetween in certain circumstances, particularly during vibration of a machine or other equipment in which the assembled PCB is installed.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to overcome, or at least substantially reduce, the disadvantages associated with the conventional type of terminal discussed above.
Accordingly, the invention provides a terminal suitable for use with an insulated wire and for assembly with a PCB, comprising respective pairs of upper and lower wire clamping members,
wherein one of the pairs of wire clamping members has a respective pair of position-retaining tongues and the other pair of wire clamping members has a respective pair of tabs,
the arrangement being such that when the terminal is attached to the stripped end of an insulated wire by means of the pairs of wire clamping members and is inserted in a corresponding hole in a PCB, the respective pairs of position-retaining tongues and tabs engage with respective opposed surfaces of the
PCB, to retain the terminal in a generally perpendicular orientation with respect to the plane of the PCB.
Preferably, the position-retaining tongues are outwardly inclined with respect to their associated pair of wire clamping members which, in the preferred embodiment, constitute a lower pair of such members, with the pair of tabs on the other pair of wire clamping members being generally horizontal.
Also in the preferred embodiment, the respective pairs of position-retaining tongues and tabs have their longitudinal axes lying in the same general plane, preferably a generally vertical plane.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, a preferred embodiment of terminal in accordance therewith will now be described by way of comparison with a prior art document and by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figures 1 and 2 are respective side elevations and cross-sectional elevations of a prior art terminal, the latter view showing such terminal attached to the stripped end of an insulated wire and assembled on to a PCB;
Figures 3 and 4 are corresponding views but of a first embodiment of terminal in accordance with the invention;
Figure 5 is an elevational view in partial section of a modification of the first embodiment of
Figures 3 and 4;
Figures 6 and 7 are corresponding views of a second embodiment of terminal in accordance with the invention; and
Figures 8 and 9 are again corresponding views of a third embodiment of terminal in accordance with the invention.
Referring firstly to the prior art terminal shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, a conventional insulated wire terminal strip has a plurality of pressed plate terminals A spaced along and perpendicular to one side of a common connecting strip
B which can rolled up for storage, transportation and supply purposes. Each terminal A comprises a body C, a lower pair of wire clamping members D, an upper pair of wire clamping members E and a pair of insulation clamping members F. At the lower end of the body C of each terminal A there is provided an outwardlyinclined position-retaining tongue G and on the upper edges of the upper pair of wire clamping members E is a corresponding pair of generally horizontal tabs H.
Viewed from one end of the terminal A, it presents a generally U-shaped configuration.
The terminal A is crimped or otherwise attached to the stripped end J of an insulated wire I, as shown in Figure 2, by means of the lower wire clamping members D and the upper wire clamping members E, so that the terminal A can be inserted in a corresponding hole L of an associated printed circuit board (PCB) K.
The pair of insulation clamping members F are crimped or otherwise secured firmly to the outer insulation of the insulated wire I.
In this prior art arrangement, the pair of generally horizontal tabs H on opposed sides of the terminal A attached to the wire I, engage the upper surface of the PCB in the region of the hole L, whilst the outwardly inclined position retaining tongue G at the lower end of the body C of the terminal A, engages the other side of the PCB, again in the region of the corresponding hole L.
Because there is only a single position-retaining tongue G in the assembled arrangement of terminal A and PCB K and, also, because that tongue G extends generally normally to the longitudinal axes of the pair of tabs H, the terminal A is not necessarily retained in a generally vertical orientation or one which is generally perpendicular to the plane of the
PCB. As a result, the terminal A can interfere with the assembly of other components upon the PCB K.
Additionally, this unsatisfactory arrangement can also cause an open circuit between the terminal A and associated conducting component (not shown) of the PCB on any vibration thereof during use.
As discussed above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a terminal suitable for use with an insulated wire which overcomes, or at least substantially reduces, the major disadvantages associated with the prior art terminals, as also discussed above.
Accordingly, one embodiment of such an inventive terminal 2 is provided as one of a plurality of such terminals 2 on one edge of a common connecting strip 1, as shown in Figure 3. The terminals 2 and strip 1 are pressed from an electrically-conductive sheet material, with locating holes 3 being spaced regularly between adjacent pairs of terminals 2 along the length of the conducting strip 1, for positioning the terminals 2 with respect to associated stripped ends of insulated wires 10 for subsequent assembly upon a
PCB 11, as shown in Figure 4.
Each terminal 2 comprises a main body 4, a pair of lower wire clamping members 5, a pair of upper wire clamping members 6 and a pair of wire insulation clamping members 7. Viewed from one end of each terminal 2, a generally U-shaped configuration can be seen.
The respective pairs of lower and upper wire clamping members 5, 6, as well as the pair of insulation clamping members 7, are parallel with each other and are connected together by the main body 4 extending between those respective pairs of members.
On the upper edge of each of the pair of lower wire clamping members 5 is a position-retaining tongue 8 which is inclined outwardly of its associated member 5.
On the upper edge of each of the pair of upper wire clamping members 6 is a generally horizontal tab 9 projecting outwardly thereof.
When the terminal 2 is crimped or otherwise clamped to the stripped end of an insulated wire 10 by means of the respective pairs of lower and upper wire clamping members 5, 6, with the pair of insulation clamping members 7 similarly secured to the adjacent insulation of the wire 10, and the so-secured terminal 2 is located within a hole 12 in the PCB 11, the pair of horizontal tabs 9 of the upper wire clamping members 6 engage the upper surface of the PCB 11 on generally opposed sides of the associated hole 12, whilst the pair of outwardly-inclined tongues 8 of the lower wire clamping members 5 engage the lower side of the PCB 11, again on generally opposed sides of the hole 12 therein.
In this manner, the terminal 2, and associated stripped end of the insulated wire 10 to which it is secured, is held in a generally vertical orientation or at least substantially perpendicular to the plane of the PCB 11.
The outwardly-inclined tongues 8 of the lower pair of wire clamping members 5 may be made of a resilient material, such that, when the terminal 2 attached to the stripped end of the insulated wire 10 is inserted in the PCB hole 12, those tongues 8 are moved inwardly and, when they reach the bottom of the hole 12, their resilience ensures that they move outwardly into substantially their original inclination with respect to the terminal 2, thereby engaging the lower surface of the PCB 11.
The effective juncture between the two free ends of the insulation clamping members 7, when secured to the insulation of the wire 10, is constituted by a line extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of both the terminal 2 and the insulated wire 10.
The terminal assembly shown in Figure 5 is substantially identical to that described above in relation to Figures 3 and 4, in that the respective pairs of lower and upper wire clamping members 5, 6 are secured to the stripped end of the insulated wire 10, with the terminal inserted in the hole 12 passing through the PCB 11 and the pair of opposed tabs 9 of the upper pair of wire clamping members 6 engaging the upper surface of the PCB 11 and the generally opposed pair of outwardly-inclined tongues 8 of the lower pair of wire clamping members 5 engaging the other, lower surface of the PCB 11.
However, in this modification of the first embodiment, the free ends of the pair of insulation clamping members 7 are inclined, such that the effective configuration therebetween is constituted by a line 14 which is inclined to the longitudinal axis of both the terminal 2 and the insulated wire 10.
Turning now to the second embodiment of inventive terminal as shown in Figures 6 and 7 of the drawings, once again a plurality of terminals 2 are connected to one edge of a common connecting strip 1 with spaced locating holes 3 passing therethrough.
As in the case of the embodiments of Figures 3 to 5, each terminal 2 has a pair of insulation clamping members 7 and a main body 4. However, the respective pairs of lower and upper wire clamping members 5, 6 of the first embodiment are, in this second embodiment, joined together by a link member 15, thereby providing a substantially unitary clamp for the stripped end of the insulated wire 10.
In this second embodiment, the pair of tabs 9 of the upper pair of wire clamping members 6 once again engage the upper surface of the PCB 11 on generally opposed sides of the associated hole 12, whilst the pair of resilient, outwardly-inclined tongues 8 of the lower pair of wire clamping members 5 engage the opposed, lower surface of the PCB 11, thereby maintaining the terminal 2 in a generally vertical orientation or at least one which is generally perpendicular to the plane of the PCB.
Again, the joint between the free ends of the pair of insulation clamping members 7 is constituted by the straight line 13.
The third embodiment of inventive terminal shown in Figures 8 and 9 is similar to the previous embodiments described above with reference to respective Figures 3 to 7, except that portions of the common connecting strip 1 can be used as the pair of insulation clamping members, such as those referenced 7 above.
Thus, the common connecting strip 1 can be cut to shape in the vicinity of each of the plurality of terminals 2 extending along the length thereof, such that they form the pair of insulation clamping members 1 shown in Figure 9, with free ends shaped to form the effective line 14 which, as in the case of the modification of Figure 5, is inclined to the axis of both the terminal 2 and insulated wire 10.
This third embodiment also has the spaced locating holes 3 along its length but it is to be noted that this third embodiment provides a saving on materials, in that the common connecting strip 1 also can be formed to provide the insulation clamping members 7 of the first and second embodiments of inventive terminal.
Claims (12)
1. A terminal suitable for use with an insulated wire and for assembly with a PCB, comprising respective pairs of upper and lower wire clamping members,
wherein one of the pairs of wire clamping members has a respective pair of position-retaining tongues and the other pair of wire clamping members has a respective pair of tabs,
the arrangement being such that when the terminal is attached to the stripped end of an insulated wire by means of the pairs of wire clamping members and is inserted in a corresponding hole in a PCB, the respective pairs of position-retaining tongues and tabs engage with respective opposed surfaces of the
PCB, to retain the terminal in a generally perpendicular orientation with respect to the plane of the PCB.
2. A terminal according to claim 1, wherein the portion-retaining tongues are inclined outwardly with respect to their respective wire clamping members.
3. A terminal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the position-retaining tongues are resilient.
4. A terminal according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the pair of wire clamping members associated with the position-retaining tongues constitute a lower pair of wire clamping members, with the pair of wire clamping members associated with the tabs constituting an upper pair o wire clamping members.
5. A terminal according to any preceding claim, wherein the pair of tabs extend generally normally and outwardly of the respective pairs of wire clamping members
6. A terminal according to any preceding claim, wherein the respective pairs of wire clamping members are joined by a link member.
7. A terminal according to any preceding claim including a pair of insulation clamping members.
8. As assembly comprising a plurality of terminals according to any preceding claim and connected to a common connecting strip.
9. As assembly according to claim 8 when dependent upon claim 7, wherein the common connecting strip is arranged to form respective pairs of insulation clamping members for each terminal.
10. An assembly comprising an insulated wire having a stripped end to which is attached a terminal according to any of claims 1 to 7.
11. A terminal substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
12. An assembly comprising an printed circuit board in combination with a terminal according to any of claims 1 to 7 and 11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9316579A GB2280991B (en) | 1993-08-10 | 1993-08-10 | Insulated wire terminal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9316579A GB2280991B (en) | 1993-08-10 | 1993-08-10 | Insulated wire terminal |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9316579D0 GB9316579D0 (en) | 1993-09-29 |
| GB2280991A true GB2280991A (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| GB2280991B GB2280991B (en) | 1997-06-18 |
Family
ID=10740242
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9316579A Expired - Fee Related GB2280991B (en) | 1993-08-10 | 1993-08-10 | Insulated wire terminal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2280991B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19745112A1 (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 1999-04-15 | Abb Daimler Benz Transp | Insulating socket system for electrical device power terminal |
| EP1147573A1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2001-10-24 | Nas Interplex Industries, Inc. | Collapsible electrical leads for engaging a substrate |
| FR2813997A1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-15 | Sylea | Connector for conductor wire to printed circuit has blade with flanges to retain wire and spaced contacts to fit into hole in circuit board |
| EP1202392A1 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-02 | Société SYLEA | Electric contact element and casing for receiving such a contact |
| WO2012068743A1 (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-31 | 深圳盛凌电子股份有限公司 | Fixing terminal and connecting structure for conducting wire and pcb board |
| WO2015004986A1 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | 日本圧着端子製造株式会社 | Terminal and connection structure using terminal |
| DE102019126564A1 (en) * | 2019-10-02 | 2021-03-25 | Unger Kabel-Konfektionstechnik GmbH | Direct contacting device for fixing and electrically contacting a conductor on a circuit board |
| JP7496994B2 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2024-06-10 | 日本圧着端子製造株式会社 | Terminals and how to connect them to cables |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1019606A (en) * | 1963-08-28 | 1966-02-09 | Amp Inc | Improvements in or relating to electrical connectors for cartridge fuses |
-
1993
- 1993-08-10 GB GB9316579A patent/GB2280991B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1019606A (en) * | 1963-08-28 | 1966-02-09 | Amp Inc | Improvements in or relating to electrical connectors for cartridge fuses |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19745112A1 (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 1999-04-15 | Abb Daimler Benz Transp | Insulating socket system for electrical device power terminal |
| EP1147573A1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2001-10-24 | Nas Interplex Industries, Inc. | Collapsible electrical leads for engaging a substrate |
| EP1147573A4 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2002-08-14 | Nas Interplex Ind Inc | Collapsible electrical leads for engaging a substrate |
| FR2813997A1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-15 | Sylea | Connector for conductor wire to printed circuit has blade with flanges to retain wire and spaced contacts to fit into hole in circuit board |
| EP1202392A1 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-02 | Société SYLEA | Electric contact element and casing for receiving such a contact |
| FR2816115A1 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-03 | Sylea | ELECTRIC CONTACT MEMBER AND HOUSING ELEMENT FOR RECEIVING SUCH A MEMBER |
| WO2012068743A1 (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-31 | 深圳盛凌电子股份有限公司 | Fixing terminal and connecting structure for conducting wire and pcb board |
| CN105379022A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2016-03-02 | 日本压着端子制造株式会社 | Terminal and connection structure using terminal |
| WO2015004986A1 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | 日本圧着端子製造株式会社 | Terminal and connection structure using terminal |
| KR20160029810A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2016-03-15 | 니혼앗짜쿠단시세이소 가부시키가이샤 | Terminal and connection structure using terminal |
| US9531092B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2016-12-27 | J.S.T. Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Terminal and connection structure using terminal |
| JPWO2015004986A1 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2017-03-02 | 日本圧着端子製造株式会社 | Terminal and connection structure using terminal |
| CN105379022B (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2017-09-12 | 日本压着端子制造株式会社 | Terminal and the attachment structure using terminal |
| KR102089830B1 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2020-03-16 | 니혼앗짜쿠단시세이소 가부시키가이샤 | Terminal and connection structure using terminal |
| DE102019126564A1 (en) * | 2019-10-02 | 2021-03-25 | Unger Kabel-Konfektionstechnik GmbH | Direct contacting device for fixing and electrically contacting a conductor on a circuit board |
| JP7496994B2 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2024-06-10 | 日本圧着端子製造株式会社 | Terminals and how to connect them to cables |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2280991B (en) | 1997-06-18 |
| GB9316579D0 (en) | 1993-09-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19970918 |