GB2279294A - Strengthened glass laminated products - Google Patents
Strengthened glass laminated products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2279294A GB2279294A GB9413260A GB9413260A GB2279294A GB 2279294 A GB2279294 A GB 2279294A GB 9413260 A GB9413260 A GB 9413260A GB 9413260 A GB9413260 A GB 9413260A GB 2279294 A GB2279294 A GB 2279294A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- polycarbonate
- sheet
- sheets
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
- B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10908—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form
- B32B17/10917—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form between two pre-positioned glass layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates
Landscapes
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A strengthened glazed product is formed by (a) providing a sheet of polycarbonate (14) and a sheet of glass (10); (b) providing a high transparency liquid resin capable of bonding to glass and polycarbonate; (c) applying the liquid resin to one or other or both of the polycarbonate and glass sheets and pressing said sheets together; and (d) allowing the resin to cure to form a pliable solid resin film bonding the sheet of glass to the sheet of polycarbonate. The resin may be introduced into a cavity formed by the use of double sided tape to space the sheets. <IMAGE>
Description
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO STRENGTHENED GLASS
PRODUCTS
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to strengthened glass products and more particularly to laminated glazed units comprising a laminate of glass and polycarbonate.
Background to the Invention
Glass/polycarbonate laminates are amongst the strongest of strengthened glass products and find wide usage from the security industry for protecting premises to the defence transport and aerospace industries for safety visors, aircraft windscreens and the like. Such laminates combine the robustness of polycarbonate with the heat and chemical resistance of glass. The transparency of such laminates is generally very high.
However, an important component in the production of polycarbonate/glass laminates is the bonding medium used to bond the respective layers together.
Ideally this bonding medium should be no less transparent than the glass and polycarbonate layers.
In practice, films of polyvinyl butyrate for example, are utilised as the bonding medium, placed between the glass and polycarbonate layers to be bonded together and heated to enable the bonding medium to take effect.
This has the inevitable disadvantage, however, that the polycarbonate sheet must be selected as being capable of withstanding the elevated temperatures needed to form the butyrate into the bonding medium so as not to damage the polycarbonate. Furthermore, the need for uniform heating of the composite necessitates the provision of costly autoclavel heating equipment amongst the production plant.
Summarv of the Invention
~~
According to first aspect of the present invention there is provided a strengthened glass product which comprises a laminate of glass and polycarbonate, the glass and polycarbonate layers being bonded together by a high transparency liquid adhesive.
Preferably the liquid adhesive is polyurethane adhesive. Alternatively, the liquid adhesive may comprise a styrene based resin suitably with additives to increase bonding and speed up hardening.
Preferably where a styrene based resin is used the resin comprises a styrene polymer dissolved in styrene monomer to form a low density syrup which may subseqently be cross linked using a suitable linking agent such as a peroxide.
Where high transparency liquid polyurethane adhesive is used this is suitably one of several known types of liquid polyurethane adhesive and which has high transparency and high co-efficient of elongation, good bonding properties and resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Preferably the adhesive is self setting or UV-curing.
The glass used is suitably of a UV resistant type or covered internally or externally with a UV barrier film.
The laminate may be formed of a single layer of glass bonded to a single layer of polycarbonate or, more preferably, of a sandwich of a layer of polycarbonate between two layers of glass.
Preferably the strengthened glass product is formed by first applying the adhesive to one of the polycarbonate or glass layers to be bonded together with the other said layer being lowered flat against the layer to which the adhesive has been applied.
More preferably, however, a layer of polycarbonate is bonded to a layer of glass by placing the two layers closely facing each other and holding them in that position with a gap therebetween and the edges of the two layers temporarily concealed to provide a cavity between the two opposing faces of the two layers into which the adhesive is poured.
The technique minimises waste of materials and provides a far more efficient system of manufacturing strengthened glazed unit of glass polycarbonate laminate than heretofore.
After setting the polyurethane or styrene resin becomes a solid polymer which is very pliable and in combination with a polycarbonate sheet enables the glass exterior to resist impact forces.
The resin may be brushed or sprayed or otherwise applied to one or both surfaces of the sheet materials which are to be joined. During manufacture the two surfaces which are to be bonded are suitably separated by an appropriate spacer so as to create a parallel-sided cavity and the resin and additives are poured or preferably injected under pressure or otherwise forced into the cavity so as to fill the latter.
Double sided tape or silicone rubber of an appropriate thickness (typically 0.8mm or 1.6mm) may be employed as the spacer material and where this is the case, the two sheets of material which are to be bonded are first secured together by applying double sided tape to all four edges of one of the sheets, removing the backing material from the tape along three adjoining edges and only partially removing the tape from the fourth edge so as to leave two tails by which the remainder of the backing material can be pulled from the adhesive surface and applying the second sheet material to the taped surface of the first with the corners in correct alignment so as to overlie the first sheet material and be secured thereto by means of the doubled sided tape.
The edge which is not bonded because of the backing material remaining on the double sided tape can then be separated from the first sheet to form a narrow slit into which the resin can be poured or otherwise injected after which the remainder of the backing material is removed by pulling on the tail and the two sheets of material are bonded by squeezing them together so as to be secured along all four edges by means of the doubled sided tape. After the resin has cured the two sheets of material will be bonded together over their entire opposing surface.
Suitably the sheets of material are pressed together pneumatically, hydraulically or otherwise for a period of the order of half an hour and then rested to allow the adhesive to cure over a period of the order of ten hours.
The opposed surface of the intermediate sheet of material can be treated in the same way and the other sheet of glass secured thereto and then bonded by means of resin inserted into the narrow parallel cavity in the same manner as descrIbed.
In order to provide for the removal of excess liquid adhesitve material, the double sided tape may be discontinuous around the periphery of the bonded sheets so that, for example, as the two sheets of material relax after the filling has been completed and the force separating the two sheets of material to define the entry slit has been removed, any excess liquid resin can exit through the discontinuity(s) in the tape.
As soon as the material exiting from such discontinuity(s) has ceased to flow, the discontinuity(s) may be plugged by means of a suitable mastic which should not be oil based.
The filling of the narrow cavity is preferably halted when the level of the liquid in the slit is within approximately 100mm of the edge through which
the material is being poured or otherwise injected, at which time the closure process can be performed, the protective covering of the double sided tape in the region of the slit removed and the slit allowed to close up. At this stage the composite can be laid flat on an appropriate flat bed preferably with the heavier sheet above the lighter sheet so that cavity causes the liquid material between the two sheets to spread out and fully occupy the slit as the sheet materials relax to their unstrained position. For some purposes, however, it may well be necessary to apply additional force to compress the sheets together.
The filling process is preferably carried out with the composite sheet in a vertical or inclined position so that any air trapped in the liquid will tend to rise as air bubbles towards the upper edge of the structure. Any air bubbles which remain adjacent to the upper edge can be removed using a suitable hypodermic needle and svringe by inserting the hypodermic needle through the tape.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of forming a strengthened glazed product comprising joining a sheet of glass to the peripheral regions of a sheet of polycarbonate so as to leave a narrow cavity between the opposed surfaces of the two sheets and filling the cavity with a liquid resin containing suitable additives for bonding to glass and setting, so that the glass is bonded intermediately to the polycarbonate by means of a pliable solid resin film. The process may be repeated on the other face of the polycarbonate sheet so that the polycarbonate sheet is sandwiched between two sheets of glass. Typically a polyester or polyurethane resin is formed.
Preferably a liquid bonding material which forms a solid pliable polyester film is utilised as the liquid filler between the polycarbonate and glass surfaces.
Preferably double sided tape is employed to space the polycarbonate and the glass to form the cavity into which the liquid bonding material is poured or othenvise forced.
The invention can be applied to any form of glass such as float glass or sheet glass in any thickness from lmm to 15mm. The glass may be tinted or obscure. The glass may be for example Georgian wired polished plate,
Georgian wire cast, rough cast, anti sun float glass, clear, tinted and venetian silver float glass, any laminated glass and any toughened glass.
The invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a transverse section through a strengthened glazed product constructed in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the upper edge region of a composite material such as shown in Figure 1, during manufacture.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
In Figure 1 a first sheet of glass 10 is bonded to a sheet of polycarbonate material 12 and the latter is bonded to a second sheet 14.
Parallel gaps 16,18 between the sheets 10, 12 and 12, 14 are filled with a bonding material such as a polyester resin and to assist in creating the cavity 16, 18 into which the polyester resin can be poured, double sided tape such as indicated at 20 is secured to the peripheral edge regions of the sheets so as to hold the sheets together. Force is applied to separate the upper edges to define a slit into which the liquid resin can be poured or otherwise injected.
The double sided tape is best seen in Figure 2. The view in Figure 2 illustrates an intermediate stage of manufacture in which the glass sheet has been secured to the intermediate polycarbonate sheet 12 by means of strips of double sided tape 20, 22, 24. A fourth length of double sided tape which extends across the bottom edges is not shown in Figure 2.
During manufacture the upper edge of the sheet 10 is separated from the upper edge of the sheet 12 so as to form a narrow slit through which liquid resin can be poured.
In order that the two upper edges can be separated in this way the procedure shown in Figure 2 can be adopted. Here the double sided tape strips 20 and 28 along the vertical edges of the sheet of polycarbonate material 12 have their backing strip removed. The unseen strip along the bottom edge likewise has its backing strip removed.
However, the strip of double sided tape 30 secured along the upper edge of the sheet of polycarbonate 12 is left with its backing strip in position except over a small length at both ends and the backing strip tails 32, 33 are folded so as to extend upwardly. The latter can be peeled off the double sided tape by pulling in the direction of the arrow shown after the assembly has been completed.
Assembly is effected by offering up the glass plate 14 to the polycarbonate sheet 12 and sticking it to the double sided tape strips 26 and 28 and the unseen strip along the bottom edge. The presence of the backing material 32 on the strip 20 prevents the glass plate 14 from being stuck to that strip and this enables a slit to be formed by forcing apart the upper edges of the two sheets 12 and 14 to enable liquid polyester resin to be poured or otherwise inserted therein. After the filling process has been completed, the tail 32 can be pulled so as to expose the adhesive surface of the double sided tape strip 30, whereupon the glass sheet 14 (not shown in Figure 2) can be pressed into contact with the now exposed surface so as to complete the assembly.
Excess liquid will be expelled through the gaps between the tapes one of which is denoted by reference numerals 34. Plugs of mastic (preferably a nonoil based mastic) can be used to fill the gaps such as 34 after the liquid resin has ceased to exit therethrough.
After setting, the polyurethane or styrene based resin becomes a solid polymer which is very pliable and in combination with a polycarbonate sheet enables the glass exterior to resist strong impact forces. In comparison to the prior art technique, the liquid adhesive method of the present invention not only gives high impact resistance properties but offers endless flexibility in size and shape of the glass and polycarbonate articles to be bonded together, provides greater control over thickness of the adhesive bonding medium to render the laminate stress free and gives far greater economy in the use of the bonding medium.
Claims (10)
1. A method of forming a strengthened glazed product which comprises
the steps of:
(a) providing a sheet of polycarbonate and a sheet of glass;
(b) providing a high transparency liquid resin capable of bonding
to glass and polycarbonate;
(c) applying the liquid resin to one or other or both of the
polycarbonate and glass sheets and pressing said sheets
together; and
(d) allowing the resin to cure to form a pliable solid resin film
bonding the sheet of glass to the sheet of polycarbonate,
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the liquid resin comprises a
polyurethane or polystyrene resin.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein, in step (c) the
glass sheet and polycarbonate sheet are joined face to face at their
peripheral regions so as to leave a narrow cavity between the opposed
surfaces of the two sheets and the cavity between the two sheets is
filled with the liquid resin.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the glass and polycarbonate
sheets are held at a tilt or perpendicularly to the horizontal plane and
are taped together along their lateral and bottom edges but allowing
the liquid resin to be inserted therein.
5. A method as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the resin is introduced into
the cavity between the glass and polycarbonate sheets through the
upper edge.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 4, wherein double sided tape is
employed to space the polycarbonate and the glass to form the cavity.
7. A method as claimed in any of Claims 2Z, wherein a sheet of
polycarbonate is sandwiched between two sheets of glass.
8. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the liquid resin
comprises a self-setting or UV-curing resin.
9. A strengthened glass product formed according to the method of any
preceding claim.
10. A strengthened glass product substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939313830A GB9313830D0 (en) | 1993-07-01 | 1993-07-01 | Improvements in and relating to strengthened glass products |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9413260D0 GB9413260D0 (en) | 1994-08-24 |
| GB2279294A true GB2279294A (en) | 1995-01-04 |
Family
ID=10738290
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939313830A Pending GB9313830D0 (en) | 1993-07-01 | 1993-07-01 | Improvements in and relating to strengthened glass products |
| GB9413260A Withdrawn GB2279294A (en) | 1993-07-01 | 1994-07-01 | Strengthened glass laminated products |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939313830A Pending GB9313830D0 (en) | 1993-07-01 | 1993-07-01 | Improvements in and relating to strengthened glass products |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9313830D0 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0908287A1 (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1999-04-14 | Komatsu Ltd. | Plate-like composite material and method of producing the same |
| WO2001023952A1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-05 | Honeywell Inc. | Substrate coupling method |
| US6558503B1 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2003-05-06 | Bae Systems Plc | Method of producing a joint |
| EP2132037A2 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2009-12-16 | Sabic Innovative Plastics IP B.V. | Plastic laminates and methods for making the same |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1384542A (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1975-02-19 | Emi Ltd | Glazing materials |
| DE2500272A1 (en) * | 1975-01-04 | 1976-07-08 | Fritz Evers | Bulletproof laminated window for cashiers etc - which is lighter and thinner to allow wider application and easier handling |
| GB1511933A (en) * | 1975-04-16 | 1978-05-24 | Degussa | (meth)acrylate syrup |
| US4364786A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1982-12-21 | Advanced Glass Systems Corp. | Process for making safety glass laminates subject to nonsymmetrical thermal stress |
| US4556600A (en) * | 1979-09-03 | 1985-12-03 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Laminated glasses using a non-thermoplastic adhesive insert layer |
| US4600640A (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1986-07-15 | General Electric Company | Thermoplastic resinous substrates having an external thin glass sheet protective layer |
-
1993
- 1993-07-01 GB GB939313830A patent/GB9313830D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-07-01 GB GB9413260A patent/GB2279294A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1384542A (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1975-02-19 | Emi Ltd | Glazing materials |
| DE2500272A1 (en) * | 1975-01-04 | 1976-07-08 | Fritz Evers | Bulletproof laminated window for cashiers etc - which is lighter and thinner to allow wider application and easier handling |
| GB1511933A (en) * | 1975-04-16 | 1978-05-24 | Degussa | (meth)acrylate syrup |
| US4556600A (en) * | 1979-09-03 | 1985-12-03 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Laminated glasses using a non-thermoplastic adhesive insert layer |
| US4364786A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1982-12-21 | Advanced Glass Systems Corp. | Process for making safety glass laminates subject to nonsymmetrical thermal stress |
| US4600640A (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1986-07-15 | General Electric Company | Thermoplastic resinous substrates having an external thin glass sheet protective layer |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0908287A1 (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1999-04-14 | Komatsu Ltd. | Plate-like composite material and method of producing the same |
| EP0908287A4 (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1999-08-11 | Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd | Plate-like composite material and method of producing the same |
| US6558503B1 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2003-05-06 | Bae Systems Plc | Method of producing a joint |
| WO2001023952A1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-05 | Honeywell Inc. | Substrate coupling method |
| US6361389B1 (en) | 1999-09-30 | 2002-03-26 | Honeywell International Inc. | Substrate coupling method |
| EP2132037A2 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2009-12-16 | Sabic Innovative Plastics IP B.V. | Plastic laminates and methods for making the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9413260D0 (en) | 1994-08-24 |
| GB9313830D0 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |