GB2276340A - Method and apparatus for coating electrostatic powder - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for coating electrostatic powder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2276340A GB2276340A GB9407859A GB9407859A GB2276340A GB 2276340 A GB2276340 A GB 2276340A GB 9407859 A GB9407859 A GB 9407859A GB 9407859 A GB9407859 A GB 9407859A GB 2276340 A GB2276340 A GB 2276340A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- powder coating
- gun
- coated
- electrostatic powder
- objects
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009503 electrostatic coating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005002 finish coating Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
- B05D1/06—Applying particulate materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B16/00—Spray booths
- B05B16/90—Spray booths comprising conveying means for moving objects or other work to be sprayed in and out of the booth, e.g. through the booth
- B05B16/95—Spray booths comprising conveying means for moving objects or other work to be sprayed in and out of the booth, e.g. through the booth the objects or other work to be sprayed lying on, or being held above the conveying means, i.e. not hanging from the conveying means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
- B05B5/087—Arrangements of electrodes, e.g. of charging, shielding, collecting electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
- B05D1/045—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field on non-conductive substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/14—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by electrical means
- B05D3/141—Plasma treatment
- B05D3/142—Pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
- B05B5/082—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects characterised by means for supporting, holding or conveying the objects
- B05B5/084—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects characterised by means for supporting, holding or conveying the objects the objects lying on, or being supported above conveying means, e.g. conveyor belts
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
On the upstream side of an electrostatic powder coating gun (2), corona discharging means (3) and (104) are provided to apply a voltage of the opposite polarity to that of the gun (2). Before the baking-finished surface of objects (20) and (30) are coated with charged powder, ions are neutralized by providing the baking-finished surfaces with electric potentials of the opposite polarity of the charged powder, thus preventing reverse discharge. <IMAGE>
Description
DESCRIPTION
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ELECTROSTATIC POWDER COATING
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to an apparatus and method for electrostatic powder coating for use in the recoating of automobiles, electric washers, electric refrigerators, distributing panels, pipes, etc.
BACKGROUND ART
When coating an uncoated object, an electrostatic powder coating gun (hereinafter referred to simply as a "gun") is usually used at 80 KV.
However, in the case of an operation generally called recoating, in which electrostatic coating is additionally performed on a baking-finished or semi-baking-finished surface, the surface to be coated is an insulating layer, so that when the gun is used at an ordinary voltage, the electric potential of the surface increases to cause back ionization, resulting in the formation of a crater.
Conventionally, the above problem has been dealt with by reducing the gun voltage during recoating to, for example, 40 to 60 KV, or increasing the amount of powder coating material discharged.
The above conventional measures have a problem in that they involve tedious adjustments and limitations in recoating layer thickness.
For example, in the case of a surface having a surface layer thickness of 60 Am, recoating thereon is possible to a thickness of 40cam at the most. A recoating to a thickness beyond this thickness will result in back ionization.
Further, when uncoated objects and baking-finished objects are to be coated in the same production line, it is necessary to adjust the voltage and the amount of discharged coating material in accordance with whether the objects to be coated have a baking-finish coating layer or not, so that a special operator for doing the above is required, thereby making it difficult to automate the line.
In view of the above problems, it is an object of this invention to prevent back ionization when performing electrostatic coating on a baking-finished surface. Another object of this invention is to make it possible to perform electrostatic powder coating on uncoated objects and bakingfinished objects in the same production line and under the same conditions.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, there are provided: conveying means for conveying uncoated objects to be coated and baking-finished objects to be coated; an electrostatic powder coating gun opposed to the conveying means; and corona discharge means to which a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the gun is applied and which is arranged on the upstream side of the gun and opposed to the conveying means. When a baking-finished object to be coated is conveyed to a position in front of the corona discharge means, a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the gun is applied to the corona discharge electrode of the corona discharge means, with the result that the electric potential of the surface of the baking-finished object to be coated attains an electric potential that has a polarity opposite to that of the gun.
The object to be coated is conveyed in this condition to a position in front of the gun and, at the same time, an electrostatic powder coating material, which is charged by the gun, is electrostatically applied to the baking-finished surface of the object to be coated.
At this time, ions having a polarity opposite to that of the ions of the powder coating material are on the baking-finished surface of the object, so that the two types of ions neutralize each other.
Therefore, even when an ordinary level of voltage is being applied to the gun, the electric potential of the baking-finished surface to be coated does not become high enough to cause back ionization.
When an object to be coated which no has coating layer is conveyed to the position in front of the discharge means, corona ions generated by the discharge means will migrate to the surface of the object to be coated. However, since the surface of the object is grounded, the charge flows away, and the object to be coated is conveyed to the position in front of the gun to undergo electrostatic coating.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a front view showing a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing an object to be recoated as shown in Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is an enlarged view showing an original-surface object to be coated as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of the present invention; and Fig 5 is a perspective view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The first embodiment of this invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 through 3.
An electrostatic powder coating apparatus 1 comprises an electrostatic powder coating gun 2, a corona discharge device 3, and a conductive belt conveyor 4. The electrostatic powder coating gun (hereinafter referred to simply as the "gun) 2, which is arranged in the central section of a cover 5 and directed downwards, is made reciprocable by means of a reciprocator 7.
The cover 5 has an inlet and an outlet, each of which is provided with an exhaust duct 6.
The corona discharge device 3 is arranged on the upstream side of the gun 2, and is equipped with a highvoltage generator 10 and a corona pin (a corona discharge electrode) 11.
The corona pin 11 is made reciprocable by a reciprocator 12. The conductive belt conveyor 4, which conveys objects to be coated 20 and 30, is grounded through a rotating device 21.
Each of the objects to be coated 20 consists of an uncoated iron plate 20a, i.e., a so-called original-surface object, whereas each of the objects to be coated 30 consists of an iron plate 20a and a baking-finish coating layer 30a formed thereon, i.e., a so-called object to be recoated.
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
A predetermined voltage, for example, a negative voltage of 80 KV, is applied to the gun 2 and, at the same time, a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the gun 2, i.e., a positive voltage, is applied to the corona pin 11 of the corona discharge device 3. Then, the conductive belt conveyor 4 is driven to convey the objects to be coated 20 and 30, placed at intervals thereon, in the direction indicated by an arrow A4.
When an object to be coated 30 is brought to a position under the corona discharge device 3, the baking-finish coating layer 30a of the object is subjected to corona discharge to attain positive polarity, so that its surface electric potential increases.
The surface electric potential at this time, which is appropriately determined, preferably ranges from 200 V to 3
KV. This surface electric potential can be controlled by varying the applied voltage, discharge distance and discharge time.
When, during corona discharge, the reciprocator 12 is driven to reciprocate the corona pin 11, the surface electric potential is made uniform, resulting in an improved film thickness distribution.
Next, the object to be coated 30 is brought to a position under the gun 2 and, at the same time, powder coating material 40, which is negatively charged, is electrostatically applied to the object to form a coating layer 50 thereon.
In this process, the positive surface electric potential, that is, the + ions, are balanced by the voltage applied to the gun 2, that is, the - ions, to be neutralized, so that the coating layer surface does not attain an electric potential high enough to cause back ionization. Therefore, the coating layer 50 obtained is free from craters. Moreover, the coating layer is tight and stable. Accordingly, the coating layer can be finished satisfactorily and, further, separation of coating material during transfer, etc. can be prevented.
Further, it is not necessary to reduce the voltage of the electrostatic powder coating gun 2 as required in the prior art, so that no deterioration in coating efficiency is involved.
In the coating of an object to be coated 20, the gun 2 and the corona discharge device 3 are operated under the same conditions as those in the case of the object 30.
However, an object 20, which is an original-surface object, is grounded, so that if corona discharge is effected thereon by the corona discharge device 3, the + corona ions (the positive charge) will flow away.
In view of this, the electrostatic coating of an object 20 is conducted in the same manner as in the case of direct coating by the gun, without making use of the corona discharge device.
In this way, electrostatic coating can be performed under the same conditions irrespective of whether the objects to be coated 20 and 30 have baking-finish coating layers or not, so that the coating operation can be easily automated.
The second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 4.
An electrostatic powder coating apparatus 70 comprises an electrostatic powder coating gun 2, a corona discharge device 3, and an overhead conveyor 61.
The corona discharge device 3 is provided on the upstream side of the gun 2, and is equipped with a highvoltage generator 10 and a corona pin (a corona discharge electrode) 11.
The gun 2 and the corona pin 11 can be vertically reciprocated by a reciprocator 7. The overhead conveyor 61, which conveys objects to be coated 60, is grounded.
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
A predetermined voltage, for example, a negative voltage of 80 KV, is applied to the gun 2 and, at the same time, a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the gun 2, that is, a positive voltage, is applied to the corona pin 11 of the corona discharge device 3. Then, the overhead conveyor 61 is driven to convey the objects to be coated 60, which are suspended from hangers at intervals, in the direction indicated by an arrow A4.
The surface electric potential at this time, which is appropriately determined, preferably ranges from 200 V to 3
KV. This surface electric potential can be controlled by varying the applied voltage, discharge distance and discharge time.
Then, each object to be coated 60 is brought to a position in front of the gun 2, and powder coating material 40, which is negatively charged, is electrostatically applied to the object to form a coating layer 50 thereon.
In this process, the positive surface electric potential, that is, the + ions, are balanced by the voltage applied to the gun 2, that is, the - ions, so that the coating layer surface does not attain an electric potential high enough to cause back discharge. Therefore, the coating layer 50 obtained is free from craters. Moreover, the coating layer is tight and stable. Accordingly, the coating layer can be finished satisfactorily and, further, separation of coating material during transfer, etc. can be prevented.
Further, it is not necessary to reduce the voltage of the electrostatic powder coating gun 2 as required in the prior art, so that no deterioration in coating efficiency is involved.
Symbol UF indicates a powder coating material feeding device for supplying the gun 2 with powder coating material.
The third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 5. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a plurality of corona pins 11 are arranged on a corona discharge device 104 and that only objects to be recoated 30 are processed. The plurality of corona pins 11 are arranged along a dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the conductive belt conveyor 4, at intervals, for example, of 150 mm. In this embodiment, ions having a polarity opposite to that of the ewectrostatic powder coating gun 2 adhere to the entire surface to be coated of each object to be recoated 30, so that the surface electric potential of each object to be coated is uniform. Accordingly, an improvement in coating film thickness distribution is achieved.
The embodiments of this invention are not restricted to the above-described ones. For example, when powder coating is performed on an iron plate on which coating and drying (baking) have been repeated several times, as in the case of the coating of an automobile body, it is possible to convey the object to be coated on a conveyor extending through a cover and to mount a corona discharge device and a gun on a single reciprocator to arrange them on the upstream and downstream sides, respectively, with respect to the conveying direction of the conveyor, recovering the overspray powder by means of a hopper provided on the bottom surface of the cover.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
As described above, the method and apparatus for electrostatic powder coating of the present invention can be widely used in the recoating of automobiles, electric washers, electric refrigerators, distributing panels, pipes, etc.
Claims (9)
1. An electrostatic powder coating method, wherein before electrostatically applying a charged powder coating material to surfaces of objects to be coated (20), (30), the electric potential of the surfaces is made opposite to that of said charged powder coating material.
2. An electrostatic powder coating method in which surfaces of baking-finished objects to be coated (30) and of uncoated objects to be coated (20) are electrostatically coated with charged a powder coating material while conveying these objects, wherein the electric potential of the surfaces of the baking-finished objects is made opposite to that of said charged powder coating material.
3. An electrostatic powder coating method according to
Claim 1 or 2, wherein the electric potential of the bakingfinished surfaces ranges from 200 V to 3 KV.
4. An electrostatic powder coating apparatus comprising: an electrostatic powder coating gun (2); and corona discharge means (3), (104) to which a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of said gun (2) is applied.
5. An electrostatic powder coating apparatus comprising: conveying means (4) for conveying uncoated objects to be coated (20) and baking-finished objects to be coated (30); an electrostatic powder coating gun (2) opposed to said conveying means (4); and corona discharge means (3), (104) to which a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of said gun (2) is applied and which is provided on the upstream side of said gun (2) and opposed to said conveying means (4).
6. An electrostatic powder coating apparatus according to Claim 4 or 5, wherein said electrostatic powder coating gun (2) is provided with a reciprocator (7).
7. An electrostatic powder coating apparatus according to Claim 4 or 5, wherein said corona discharge means (3), (104) is provided with a reciprocator (12).
8. An electrostatic powder coating apparatus according to Claim 4, or 5, wherein said corona discharge means (3), (104) is provided with a plurality of corona pins (11).
9. An electrostatic powder coating apparatus according to Claim 4 or 5, wherein said conveying means (4) is a conductive belt conveyor (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27049492A JP3362230B2 (en) | 1992-10-08 | 1992-10-08 | Electrostatic powder coating equipment |
| PCT/JP1993/001449 WO1994008725A1 (en) | 1992-10-08 | 1993-10-07 | Method and apparatus for coating electrostatic powder |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9407859D0 GB9407859D0 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
| GB2276340A true GB2276340A (en) | 1994-09-28 |
| GB2276340B GB2276340B (en) | 1996-05-15 |
Family
ID=17487060
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9407859A Expired - Fee Related GB2276340B (en) | 1992-10-08 | 1993-10-07 | Apparatus for electrostatic powder coating |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3362230B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4395193T1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2276340B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994008725A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2872068A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2005-12-30 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE DEPOSITION OF THIN LAYERS BY ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC SPRAY, IN PARTICULAR IN POST-DISCHARGE |
| ITUA20164378A1 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-15 | Gienne Plast S R L | APPARATUS AND METHOD |
| IT201800004997A1 (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-02 | PLANT AND METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT COATINGS OF NANOMATERIALS ON OBJECT SURFACES, IN PARTICULAR LIGHTING |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5838697B2 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2016-01-06 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Electrostatic spray deposition system |
| JP2017057358A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Thermosetting powdered paint and coating method |
| CN115386842A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-11-25 | 湖南千山制药机械股份有限公司 | Plastic ampoule vacuum outer plating module and integrated forming machine |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS551107A (en) * | 1978-06-16 | 1980-01-07 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Exposure device |
| JPS6430674A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1989-02-01 | Herberts Gmbh | Method of electrostatic-coating or spray-coating product with electric-insulating surface and device used for said method |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5256144A (en) * | 1975-11-01 | 1977-05-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method of and booth for multiple electrostatic coating of pulverlent b ody paints |
-
1992
- 1992-10-08 JP JP27049492A patent/JP3362230B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-10-07 WO PCT/JP1993/001449 patent/WO1994008725A1/en active Application Filing
- 1993-10-07 DE DE4395193T patent/DE4395193T1/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-10-07 GB GB9407859A patent/GB2276340B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS551107A (en) * | 1978-06-16 | 1980-01-07 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Exposure device |
| JPS6430674A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1989-02-01 | Herberts Gmbh | Method of electrostatic-coating or spray-coating product with electric-insulating surface and device used for said method |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2872068A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2005-12-30 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE DEPOSITION OF THIN LAYERS BY ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC SPRAY, IN PARTICULAR IN POST-DISCHARGE |
| WO2006010845A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-02-02 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Method and device for depositing thin films by electrohydrodynamic, in particular post-discharge, spraying |
| US7799389B2 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2010-09-21 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Method and device for depositing thin films by electrohydrodynamic, in particular post-discharge, spraying |
| ITUA20164378A1 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-15 | Gienne Plast S R L | APPARATUS AND METHOD |
| IT201800004997A1 (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-02 | PLANT AND METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT COATINGS OF NANOMATERIALS ON OBJECT SURFACES, IN PARTICULAR LIGHTING |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1994008725A1 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
| GB9407859D0 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
| GB2276340B (en) | 1996-05-15 |
| DE4395193T1 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
| JPH06114297A (en) | 1994-04-26 |
| JP3362230B2 (en) | 2003-01-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20051007 |