GB2267909A - Durable adhesive bonding underwater to cathodically protected systems. - Google Patents
Durable adhesive bonding underwater to cathodically protected systems. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2267909A GB2267909A GB9212024A GB9212024A GB2267909A GB 2267909 A GB2267909 A GB 2267909A GB 9212024 A GB9212024 A GB 9212024A GB 9212024 A GB9212024 A GB 9212024A GB 2267909 A GB2267909 A GB 2267909A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sealant
- members
- cathodically protected
- adhesive bonds
- underwater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K3/1006—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by the chemical nature of one of its constituents
- C09K3/1021—Polyurethanes or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/6576—Compounds of group C08G18/69
- C08G18/6582—Compounds of group C08G18/69 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6588—Compounds of group C08G18/69 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/69—Polymers of conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2190/00—Compositions for sealing or packing joints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0615—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09K2200/0617—Polyalkenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/069—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
A sealant for under water adhesive bonds comprises a sealant with minimum susceptibility to alkaline hydrolysis capable of curing underwater and composed substantially of a hydrocarbon backbone material, preferably a polyurethane with a minimum of hydrolysable groups. Also, a method is provided for making adhesive bonds between members of a cathodically protected system comprising the steps of applying an adhesive to form a bonded area between said members, applying a layer of sacrificial pre-treatment material over the bonded area by simultaneous abrasion and application of the material, and then applying the sealant. The sealant displaces or absorbs the sacrificial pre-treatment material.
Description
Durable Adhesive Bonding Underwater To Cathodically Protected Systems
The invention relates to underwater adhesive joints and in particular to the adhesive joining of members which are part of a cathodically protected system.
Underwater structures such as oil platforms and ships commonly employ cathodic protection against corrosion by attachment of sacrificial anodes made of metals such as zinc. Adhesive joints to cathodically protected (CP) substrates are commonly found to degrade at rates faster than would be the case in the absence of CP. There is a considerable body of opinion that believes that such degradation is the result of alkaline hydrolysis of organic-based adhesive material at a crack tip which, in turn, is a result of the generation of hydroxyl ions by the electrochemical CP process.Laboratory work by the inventor has shown that, using a particular adhesive, joints immersed in oxygenated sea-water lose about 88% of their single overlap tensile lap shear strength after 84 days immersion at about 9 C. This compares with a loss of only 12% under similar conditions in the absence of cathodic protection. The object of the invention is to provide an improved underwater adhesive arrangement effective to join cathodically protected components.
The present invention provides in one form a sealant for underwater adhesive bonds for cathodically protected systems comprising: a sealant with minimum susceptibility to alkaline hydrolysis, preferably a polyurethane, capable of curing underwater and composed substantially of a hydrocarbon backbone material.
The sealant according to the invention preferably has a minimum of hydrolysable groups.
By making use of such a sealant the number of hydroxyl ions produced in situ from the water is minimised and the inventor has shown that underwater adhesive bonds are much less prone to degradation in the presence of cathodic protection.
The invention also provides a method of bonding members underwater comprising the steps of: a) applying an adhesive to form a bonded area between said members; b) application of a layer of sacrificial pre-treatment material over
the bonded area by simultaneous abrasion and application of the
material; and c) application of a sealant, preferably a polyurethane composed
substantially of a hydrocarbon backbone material with a minimum of
hydolysable groups and capable of absorbing or displacing the
sacrificial pre-treatment material.
Preferably the sealant has a rubbery constituency and advantageously it may be held in position under pressure such that it can continue to provide an effective seal for an adhesive joint even though the bond between the sealed area and the sealant may degrade.
Advantageously the sealant is a 2 part polyurethane sealant wherein, the two parts A and B are given in the accompanying Table 1.
In a preferred arrangement the sacrificial pre-treatment material is a de-watering fluid, conveniently a surfactant in a hydrocarbon solvent immiscible with water, as taught in Patent No. GB 2083377B. The solvent may conveniently be white spirit or a mixture of white spirit with solvent naphtha.
Advantageously the sacrificial pre-treatment layer is applied by means of an absorbent material, for example cotton wool, capable of absorbing the sacrificial pre-treatment material and provided on at least a part of its outer surface with a porous abrasive surface layer such that simultaneous abrasive action and application of pressure to the absorbent material results in the deposition of sacrificial pre-treatment material.
Prior to application of the sacrificial pre-treatment layer it may be advantageous to grit-blast the surface of the bonded area.
The sealant may be applied to the prepared bonded area by means of a brush or suitable trowel.
The invention originated with the assumption that the attack of adhesive joints may be attributable to alkaline hydrolysis. It was not considered practical to produce an hydrolysis resistant adhesive because the constraints on the formulation of a structural adhesive that may be applied underwater and which will cure in those same conditions are already considerable. Instead an attempt was made to devise a sealant material which would have inbuilt hydrolysis resistance. However, for such a system to be effective, it would also have to be applicable underwater and cure in situ. A polyurethane formulation capable of curing underwater were devised with essentially hydrocarbon backbone material with a minimum of hydrolysable groups. In order that such a sealant should be effective it must be applied in intimate contact with the bonded area to be protected.The inventor realised that application of such polyurethane sealants underwater would require use of a special sacrificial pre-treatment layer to the surface or joint requiring protection.
The invention has been tested in relation to a particular underwater adhesive. Typically, existing steel platforms employing cathodic protection use 70/30 cupronickel (Kunifer) welded or otherwise mechanically attached to the steel for protection in the sea splash zone where cathodic protection is not effective. When damaged this Kunifer coating must be repaired by patching underwater.
Samples of Kunifer strip, 2.5mm thick, were attached to a steel substrate after surface preparation of the steel using techniques known in the art. Kunifer-Kunifer joints were then made to assess their durability after up to three months immersion in a container of sea water at 9 C. To ensure that the water was fully oxygenated, compressed air was bubbled through the water via a sintered glass filter. A second container was provided in which similar jointed strips were immersed in sea water but cathodic protection was employed. This was achieved by bolting one end of each joint to a common mild steel bar. Each bolt was also used to attach zinc sheet anodes to the opposite side of the steel bar. All bolted joints were well made to ensure good electrical contact. In this way cathodic protection was provided.The mixed potential, as measured via the zinc anode and a calomel reference electrode fitted to a digital voltmeter, was found to vary between -900 and -980 mV over the three month period. Joints were debonded using an
Instron 1185 test machine at a jaw separation rate of 2mm per minute.
The maximum stress recorded was regarded as the failure stress.
Two sealants were selected and applied underwater to encapsulate the bonded area of each joint. One sealant was a special polyurethane formulation (Table 1) composed essentially of a hydrocarbon backbone (hydroxy terminated polybutadiene) with a minimum of hydrolysable groups so as to minimise the formation of potentially damaging hydroxyl groups.
The second sealant was a commercially available underwater sealant.
The polyurethane formulation was found not to wet a freshly grit blasted
Kunifer surface underwater. A sacrificial de-watering pretreatment layer was then applied after grit blasting. Cotton wool was soaked with a de-watering fluid, calculated to be compatible with the polyurethane formulation, and enclosed in an abrasive pad. The pad was used to abrade the surface of the Kunifer and, on squeezing the pad, de-watering fluid was brought into contact with the freshly abraded surface. The polyurethane formulation sealant was found to adhere readily to the
Kunifer, absorbing or displacing the pretreatment layer, and a strong bond ultimately developed.
After exposure to the oxygenated sea water for a period of 84 days the following observations were made: a) In the absence of cathodic protection conventional underwater joints
lost about 12% strength; b) In the presence of cathodic protection conventional underwater
joints lost about 88% of their strength; c) Cathodically protected joints when protected by the new polyurethane
formulation sealant applied after sacrificial pretreatment, lost
only about 20% of their strength; and d) The conventional sealant was ineffective in improving the bond
strength in the presence of cathodic protection.
The de-watering fluid used for the sacrificial pre-treatment was Ardox 3964 and the abrasive pad was a Scotchbrite pad manufactured by 3M.
After application of the pre-treatment layer the polyurethane formulation sealant was applied by means of a stiff brush.
In the case of water the sacrificial pre-treatment layer may be the formulation as given in Table 2 and as disclosed in Patent No. GB 2083377B. Although the pre-treatment layer disclosed in the patent specification was formulated for use with an epoxy adhesive the inventor has appreciated that this pre-treatment material can also be used with the polyurethane sealant of the present invention. This pre-treatment material comprises a surfactant in a hydrocarbon solvent which is selected to be immiscible with water. The solvent is conveniently white spirit or a mixture, in the proportions shown Table 2, of white spirit and solvent naphtha. Conveniently a viscous additive such as petroleum jelly is added to inhibit removal from the treated surface prior to sealing with the polyurethane.The surfactant is preferably an ionic material where the cation is a quaternary ammonium salt and the anion a fatty acid carboxylate group.
The new sealant used to encapsulate underwater adhesive joints was formulated with a view to producing a substantially hydrolysis resistant composition. This was done because of a conviction that cathodic protection schemes give rise to the presence of hydroxyl ions which might be responsible for alkaline hydrolysis, and hence weakening, of susceptible organic materials used as underwater adhesives. The polybutadiene may be replaced by alternative hydrocarbons having a hydroxy terminated hydrocarbon backbone with differing molecular weight and functionality. In addition the organo mercury ester can be replaced by other catalysts effective to promote the organo-hydroxy/isocyanate reaction.
The new polyurethane composition sealant is rubbery in character and potentially could be of use under compression to protect a joint in much the same way as an O-ring is used as a seal. The potential advantage of this approach over a seal which is painted or trowelled over the joint is that, even if the seal-to-Kunifer bond is destroyed, protection may still be afforded by virtue of mechanical retention of the seal material.
Although there was a measured degradation of about 12% strength in the new adhesive bonding in the presence of cathodic protection, this could probably be reduced by appropriate alternative selection of pretreatment/adhesive process as taught by the present invention.
TABLE 1 - Generic Formulation of Polyurethane Sealant
Part 'A'
Hydroxy terminated polybutadiene 100g
Mol Wt 2800. Functionality: ca 2.4 OH/mol.
2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol 24.3g
Liquid petroleum baswed tar 200g
Viscosity 44 EVT at 200C, 3% toluene insolubles
Hydrolysis resistant modifier.
Rheology Modifier, fumed silica (*) 11.5g ca 200 m2/g.
Silicone antifoaming agent 0.20g
Organo mercury ester catalyst 0.10g (specific to organo-hydroxy/isocyanate reaction)
Part 'B'
Diisocanatodiphenylmethane (++). 76.3g (liquidised form is convenient) The Rheology Modifier has been selected as a fumed silica of a particular surface area.
In the general case the amount of Part 'B' used depends upon its isocyanate equivalent.
TABLE 2 - Sacrificial Pretreatment Material
Constituant Parts bv wt
Petroleum Jelly 0.25 - 2
White spirit
or 100
White spirit/solvent Naphtha mixture containing 50%-80; by weight of white spirit
Surfactant:
Duomeen TDO (Trade Name, AKZO Chemical UK Ltd) formaulation N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane dioleate,
or 1-2 [RNH2(CH2)3 NH3]2+ 2C17H33C00, where R is an alkyl group derived from tallow.
This material has a quaternary ammonium salt cation and a fatty acid carboxylate group anion.
Claims (10)
1. A sealant for underwater adhesive bonds for cathodically protected systems comprising: a sealant with minimum susceptibility to alkaline hydrolysis capable of curing underwater and composed substantially of a hydrocarbon backbone material.
2. A sealant for underwater adhesive bonds for cathodically protected systems wherein the sealant is a polyurethane.
3. A sealant for underwater adhesive bonds for cathodically protected systems as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the sealant has a minimum of hydrolysable groups.
4. A method of providing underwater adhesive bonds between members of a cathodically protected system comprising the steps of: a) applying an adhesive to form a bonded area between said members; b) application of a layer of sacrificial pre-treatment material over
the bonded area by simultaneous abrasion and application of the
material; and c) application of a sealant, preferably a polyurethane composed
substantially of a hydrocarbon backbone material with a minimum of
hydolysable groups and capable of absorbing or displacing the
sacrificial pre-treatment material.
5. A method of providing underwater adhesive bonds between members of a cathodically protected system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the sealant has a rubbery constituency.
6. A method of providing underwater adhesive bonds between members of a cathodically protected system as claimed in claim 4 or 5 wherein the sealant is held in position under pressure such that it can continue to provide an effective seal for an adhesive joint even though the bond between the sealed area and the sealant may degrade.
7. A method of providing underwater adhesive bonds between members of a cathodically protected system as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6 wherein the sacrificial pre-treatment layer is applied by means of an absorbent material capable of absorbing the sacrificial pre-treatment material and provided on at least a part of its outer surface with a porous abrasive surface layer such that simultaneous abrasive action and application of pressure to the absorbent material results in the deposition of sacrificial pre-treatment material.
8. A method of providing underwater adhesive bonds between members of a cathodically protected system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the absorbent material is cotton wool.
9. A method of providing underwater adhesive bonds between members of a cathodically protected system as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 8 wherein prior to application of the sacrificial pre-treatment layer grit-blast the surface of the area to be bonded is grit-blasted.
10. A method of providing underwater adhesive bonds between members of a cathodically protected system as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 9 wherein the sealant is applied to the prepared bonded area by means of a stiff brush or suitable trowel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9212024A GB2267909A (en) | 1992-06-05 | 1992-06-05 | Durable adhesive bonding underwater to cathodically protected systems. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9212024A GB2267909A (en) | 1992-06-05 | 1992-06-05 | Durable adhesive bonding underwater to cathodically protected systems. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9212024D0 GB9212024D0 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
| GB2267909A true GB2267909A (en) | 1993-12-22 |
Family
ID=10716660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9212024A Withdrawn GB2267909A (en) | 1992-06-05 | 1992-06-05 | Durable adhesive bonding underwater to cathodically protected systems. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2267909A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0843761A1 (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1998-05-27 | Interface, Inc. | Urethane-modified bitumen sheet material and method for protective moisture barrier |
Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1189309A (en) * | 1966-10-28 | 1970-04-22 | Dunlop Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to Spraying |
| GB1242866A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1971-08-18 | Evomastics Ltd | Liquid polyurethane prepolymers |
| GB1495059A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1977-12-14 | Lion Oil Co | Asphalt/polyhydroxy polymer compositions |
| JPS5477697A (en) * | 1977-12-03 | 1979-06-21 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Production of hydrophobic urethane foamed body |
| EP0063280A2 (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1982-10-27 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | A curable storage-stable and solventless single component sealant composition for pneumatic tires |
| US4374968A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1983-02-22 | Halliburton Company | Methods of forming isocyanate polymers |
| EP0196852A1 (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1986-10-08 | Teroson GmbH | Sealant compositions and sealed double glazing units |
| GB2179469A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-03-04 | Ocean Cable Co Ltd | Undersea optical fiber cable filled with cured polyurethane resin |
| US4721754A (en) * | 1985-10-22 | 1988-01-26 | Jamil Baghdadchi | Polyhydroxybutadiene and amine terminated polybutadiene blends |
| JPS63278926A (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1988-11-16 | Sunstar Giken Kk | Polyurethane composition |
| US4812524A (en) * | 1986-05-08 | 1989-03-14 | Pony Industries, Inc. | Polyurea/polyurethane adhesive compositions |
| EP0398125A1 (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1990-11-22 | Bridgestone Corporation | A method of making a polyurethane-foam sealant having saturated hydrocarbon-resin skeleton |
| EP0433069A2 (en) * | 1989-12-13 | 1991-06-19 | Bostik Limited | Chemically-curing two-part polyurethane composition |
| JPH10287113A (en) * | 1997-04-17 | 1998-10-27 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Suspension device for steering wheel |
-
1992
- 1992-06-05 GB GB9212024A patent/GB2267909A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1189309A (en) * | 1966-10-28 | 1970-04-22 | Dunlop Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to Spraying |
| GB1242866A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1971-08-18 | Evomastics Ltd | Liquid polyurethane prepolymers |
| GB1495059A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1977-12-14 | Lion Oil Co | Asphalt/polyhydroxy polymer compositions |
| JPS5477697A (en) * | 1977-12-03 | 1979-06-21 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Production of hydrophobic urethane foamed body |
| US4374968A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1983-02-22 | Halliburton Company | Methods of forming isocyanate polymers |
| EP0063280A2 (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1982-10-27 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | A curable storage-stable and solventless single component sealant composition for pneumatic tires |
| EP0196852A1 (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1986-10-08 | Teroson GmbH | Sealant compositions and sealed double glazing units |
| GB2179469A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-03-04 | Ocean Cable Co Ltd | Undersea optical fiber cable filled with cured polyurethane resin |
| US4721754A (en) * | 1985-10-22 | 1988-01-26 | Jamil Baghdadchi | Polyhydroxybutadiene and amine terminated polybutadiene blends |
| US4812524A (en) * | 1986-05-08 | 1989-03-14 | Pony Industries, Inc. | Polyurea/polyurethane adhesive compositions |
| JPS63278926A (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1988-11-16 | Sunstar Giken Kk | Polyurethane composition |
| EP0398125A1 (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1990-11-22 | Bridgestone Corporation | A method of making a polyurethane-foam sealant having saturated hydrocarbon-resin skeleton |
| EP0433069A2 (en) * | 1989-12-13 | 1991-06-19 | Bostik Limited | Chemically-curing two-part polyurethane composition |
| JPH10287113A (en) * | 1997-04-17 | 1998-10-27 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Suspension device for steering wheel |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0843761A1 (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1998-05-27 | Interface, Inc. | Urethane-modified bitumen sheet material and method for protective moisture barrier |
| EP0843761A4 (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1999-12-22 | Interface Inc | Urethane-modified bitumen sheet material and method for protective moisture barrier |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9212024D0 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |