GB2260420A - Producing of laminated structures with holograms - Google Patents
Producing of laminated structures with holograms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2260420A GB2260420A GB9121331A GB9121331A GB2260420A GB 2260420 A GB2260420 A GB 2260420A GB 9121331 A GB9121331 A GB 9121331A GB 9121331 A GB9121331 A GB 9121331A GB 2260420 A GB2260420 A GB 2260420A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- ply
- recording material
- plies
- exposure
- hologram
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
- G02B2027/0105—Holograms with particular structures
- G02B2027/0107—Holograms with particular structures with optical power
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
- G02B2027/0109—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements comprising details concerning the making of holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
- G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/37—Enclosing the photosensitive material
Abstract
A method of producing a laminated structure (6), for example a laminated vehicle windscreen, having two rigid transparent plies (1, 2) whose inner surfaces are adhered together and a holographic area disposed between the two transparent plies (1, 2). In the method a photosensitive recording material (4) is applied to a surface of one of the plies (2) and then the material (4) is exposed to an interference light pattern and a resultant hologram is developed in the material (4). The exposure of the material (4) may be carried out before or after lamination of the structure. The formation of the hologram in the material (4) after the material (4) has been applied to a ply of the ultimate laminate provides the advantage that the optical properties of the hologram can be independent of the ply shape. Preferably, there is an intermediate layer (3) applied to the material (4) before the second ply (1) is laminated thereto. <IMAGE>
Description
PRODUCTION OF LAMINATED STRUCTURES
WITH HOLOGRAMS
This invention concerns improvements in or relating to the production of laminated structures with a holographic area.
Laminated structures containing holographic optical elements are often produced by first recording and developing a hologram in photosensitive material, which may be self supporting, but is commonly carried on a carrier substrate, and then incorporating that separately prepared holographic element into the laminate during the lamination process, the carrier substrate being left in place or possibly removed before lamination. An example of such laminated structures is automotive windscreens for use with head-up displays in which the hologram is usually placed against the inner surface of the glass ply nearest the driver.
Such a process has a number of drawbacks including particularly that the hologram may become marred or distorted in some way during lamination and may not be appropriate to the laminate shape in the completed structure.
It has previously been proposed in European Patent
Application EP 0 216 692A to produce a hologram having the characteristics of a flat mirror for incorporation in a bent windscreen by inserting a transparent film coated with dichromated gelatine between two sheets of glass bent in a manner corresponding to the bending of the windscreen, and then exposing the dichromated gelatine to laser illumination. The hologram is thus recorded with the coating at a curvature intended to match the windscreen curvature. Unfortunately windscreen shapes vary from sample to sample and also vary during lamination so that this proposed procedure can only at best approximate the hologram formation to the actual windscreen curvature and further retains the disadvantages of separate formation and handling of the hologram.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of producing a laminated structure having two substantially rigid transparent plies whose inner surfaces are adhered together and having a holographic area, which method comprises exposing a photosensitive recording material to an interference light pattern after the material has been applied to an inner surface of one of the plies, a resultant hologram being developed in the material on the ply. The term "substantially rigid" when used herein means of basically rigid predetermined shape, as distinct from pliant, but capable of being flexed, distorted or deformed to some degree, an automotive windscreen ply being a prime example of a substantially rigid member.By exposing and developing the hologram in situ on the transparent ply, optical peculiarities of the ply can inherently be accounted for in the hologram and the optical properties of the hologram can be substantially independent of the basic ply shape and variations in that shape.
The recording material may be applied to the ply while carried on a carrier. This carrier may be removed before exposure of the recording material, but the recording material may be subjected to a processing step, such as heating or ultra-violet radiation, before such removal.
Preferably the other ply is partially adhered to said one ply before exposure of the recording material. By carrying out part of the lamination process prior to exposure, the hologram properties can be more stable having been formed in situ between the plies.
This partial adhesion may be achieved, for example. by subjecting the assembly to a first temperature rise before exposure of the recording material and to a second temperature rise after exposure. Prior to the second temperature rise, the assembly may be cooled for exposure of the recording material. The assembly may be subjected to pressure during one or both of said temperature rises.
The recording material is preferably a photopolymer.
The method may include incorporating an interlayer between the plies. The plies may be formed from glass and also may be curved. The laminated structure may in particular be a windscreen for a vehicle.
Embodiments of processes and products in accordance with the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section of part of a
laminated windscreen for a vehicle, and
Figure 2 schematically illustrates successive stages
of a processing operation.
Referring initially to Figure 1, the windscreen comprises an outer substantially rigid curved glass ply 1 and an inner substantially rigid glass ply 2 of matching curvature. The inner surfaces of the two glass plies, i.e.
the surfaces facing each other, are adhered together by means of an interlayer 3 in essentially known manner. An area of the windscreen is holographic by reason of a hologram recorded in material 4 applied to the inner surface of the inner ply 2 at a desired position. This hologram serves in use to reflect light incident on the windscreen from a display source towards the vehicle driver's eyes in a manner known per se thereby superimposing an image of the display on the driver's view through the windscreen. The light paths are schematically indicated by arrows in Figure 1, the arrangement being known as a head-up display.
The windscreen containing the hologram is produced in the following manner, the glass plies 1 and 2 being pre-formed to the required matching shape (outline and curvature) and successive stages (a) to (h) in the process being schematically illustrated in Figure 2.
In the first shown stage (a), photosensitive holographic recording material 4 consisting of a photopolymer on a carrier in the form of a backing strip or layer 5 is to be applied at the required position to the inner surface of the glass ply 2. The material is pressed against the ply as shown in stage (b) and, if desired, may be subjected to a processing step such as application of heat or ultra-violet radiation to assist its adherence to the ply. When the material 4 is adhered to the ply 2 (i.e.
after or without such optional processing step) the backing layer 5 is removed, i.e. stripped away, as shown in stage (c) leaving the recording material on the ply surface.
A sheet 6 of PVB interlayer material as shown in stage (d) is applied over the inner surface of the ply 2 and the recording material 4. The second glass ply 1 as indicated in stage (e) is then applied over the interlayer material 6 to give an assembly as shown in stage (f). This assembly is subjected to processing steps involving raising the temperature and simultaneously applying pressure which are basically well known in laminating. However, the temperature is lower and/or the processing time is shorter than those usually used in full lamination. The effect is partial lamination or partial a adherence of the plies together, the employed processing conditions, for example temperature and processing time, being so selected as to ensure that the processing is insufficient to desensitise the holographic recording material 4.
After cooling the partially cured or laminated assembly shown at stage (f) to room temperature, the recording material 4 in the assembly is exposed to an interference light pattern schematically indicated by arrows in stage (g). After exposure sufficient to record the pattern in the material 4, the assembly is reheated to again raise its temperature and is simultaneously subjected to pressure for a period sufficient to complete the curing or lamination, so that the two glass plies become properly adhered to each other. This rise in temperature may also, if required, serve to develop or condition the photopolymer material 4 so that a hologram of the exposure pattern becomes more stable. After cooling, and known subsidiary processing steps such as physically removing excess interlayer material which projects beyond the edges of the plies, the windscreen shown at stage (h) is ready for mounting in the vehicle.
It will be appreciated that the holographic recording material, since it is exposed to the light pattern after partial lamination, needs to be capable of developing while confined in situ between the glass plies, i.e. without exposure to air or being otherwise accessible and without substantial swelling or shrinkage.
It will further be appreciated that an alternative version of the process is as follows. Stages (a) and (b) are the same as described above but the recording material 4 is subjected to the interference light pattern either while it is still carried on the backing layer 5 and adhered to the glass ply as shown at stage (b) of Figure 2, or alternatively after removal of the backing strip 5 as shown at stage (c). In other words exposure occurs after attachment of the recording material to the ply but before commencement of lamination. The single ply can, after suitable processing and/or protection of the recorded hologram it carries, be laminated to the other ply in conventional manner. It will be seen that with this version of the process, the holographic recording material is accessible and open to atmosphere after its exposure to the light pattern.It will further be seen, however, that this version of the process may not achieve all the advantages and benefits of the earlier embodiment described with reference to Figure 2 involving pre-exposure partial lamination. In particular that earlier embodiment provides stability advantages, e.g. of replay wavelength, since exposure occurs while the recording material is actually in situ in the laminate, as well as optical benefits since exposure occurs through the actual glass ply through which the driver will look in use thereby inherently compensating for its precise distortion or other optical peculiarities of that particular ply. The alternative version substantially achieves the optical benefits but not necessarily the full stability ones.
In either of the above-described embodiments, a barrier layer may be employed over the photosensitive film to protect the photosensitive layer from chemical attack or physical deformation which may occur as a result of the attachment of the interlayer. This barrier layer may either be incorporated as an additional layer to the original film sandwich or it may be applied after removal of the backing layer, if such a layer is present in the film sandwich.
It will be understood that the various process steps need to be carried out under satisfactory conditions of cleanliness and control. In particular the holographic recording and development must take place under conditions such that the resultant hologram is not marred. For example, in the partial laminate pre-exposure version the partially laminated assembly must be substantially bubble free in the area to be exposed. The optical form of the hologram, and therefore of the interference light pattern used in the exposure, is of course such as to give the required reflective effect.
It will further be understood that the above specific process versions are given by way of illustration and example and other variants will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Notably the substantially rigid plies may be adhered together by other than a PVB interlayer. Other bonding materials, such as resins or glues, or other interlayer films, such as polyurethane, PVA, modified PVB or a liquid curable resin may be used. The substantially rigid transparent plies need not necessarily be of glass but might, for example, be of plastics material. The holographic recording material could be applied to the inner surface of the outer ply rather than the inner ply. While a two ply structure is described, the invention is obviously applicable also to structures with three or more plies, the recording material being applied to any suitable internal surface in the laminate.
The process is particularly suitable for the manufacture of automotive windscreens, especially for cars or automobiles with head-up display systems. However, it clearly has wider potential applications including for other vehicles, for other systems, for other windows, and indeed for a variety of products having a laminated structure.
Claims (16)
1. A method of producing a laminated structure having two
substantially rigid transparent plies whose inner
surfaces are adhered together and having a holographic
area, which method comprises exposing a photosensitive
recording material to an interference light pattern
after the material has been applied to an inner
surface of one of the plies, a resultant hologram
being developed in the material on the ply.
2. A method according to Claim 1 in which the recording
material is applied to the ply while carried on a
carrier.
3. A method according to Claim 2 in which the carrier is
removed from the recording material after application
of the material to the ply and before exposure of the
recording material.
4. A method according to Claim 3 in which the recording
material is subjected to a processing step before
removing the carrier.
5. A method according to any preceding claim in which the
other ply is partially adhered to said one ply before
exposure of the recording material.
6. A method according to Claim 5 in which the two ply
assembly is subjected to a first temperature rise
before exposure of the recording material and to a
second temperature rise after exposure of the
recording material.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein prior to said
second temperature rise said assembly is cooled for
exposure of said recording material.
8. A method according to Claim 6 or 7 in which during at
least one of said temperature rises the assembly is
subjected to pressure.
9. A method according to any preceding claim in which the
recording material is a photopolymer.
10. A method according to any preceding claim including
the step of incorporating an interlayer between the
plies.
11. A method according to any preceding claim in which the
plies are of glass.
12. A method according to any preceding claim in which the
plies are curved.
13. A method in accordance with any preceding claim for
producing a laminated windscreen for a vehicle.
14. A method of producing a laminated structure
substantially as described herein with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
15. A laminated structure produced by a method in
accordance with any preceding claim.
16. A laminated windscreen in accordance with claim 14 for
a vehicle.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9121331A GB2260420A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1991-10-09 | Producing of laminated structures with holograms |
| JP26871792A JPH07234627A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1992-10-07 | Preparation of laminated structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9121331A GB2260420A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1991-10-09 | Producing of laminated structures with holograms |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9121331D0 GB9121331D0 (en) | 1991-11-20 |
| GB2260420A true GB2260420A (en) | 1993-04-14 |
Family
ID=10702588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9121331A Withdrawn GB2260420A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1991-10-09 | Producing of laminated structures with holograms |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07234627A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2260420A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0736426A1 (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1996-10-09 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Automobile glazing for a rain sensor |
| WO1999059815A1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-25 | Pilkington Automotive Uk Limited | Vehicle glazings |
| FR2782944A1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-10 | Aerospatiale | DEVICE FOR LOCATING A BREAK IN A TRANSPARENT PANEL HAVING AT LEAST TWO PLIES AND A PANEL OBTAINED |
| EP2095988A1 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2009-09-02 | Calsonic Kansei Corporation | Headup display system of high visibility |
| WO2010026032A2 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-11 | G+B Pronova Gmbh | Display device, transparent imaging element and method for the production of a transparent imaging element |
| US10067470B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2018-09-04 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Volume holographic element, volume holographic element manufacturing method, and display device |
| US20210373492A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2021-12-02 | WayRay SA | Laminated Holographic Display and Manufacturing Thereof |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4492892B2 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2010-06-30 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Method for manufacturing hologram |
| JP4823031B2 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2011-11-24 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | High visibility head-up display system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0216692A2 (en) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-04-01 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Windscreen having a particular reflection direction to reflect optical signals into the field of vision of the driver |
| US4818045A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1989-04-04 | Kaiser Optical Systems | Holographic optical element having periphery with gradually decreasing diffraction efficiency and method of construction |
| US4978593A (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1990-12-18 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Hologram transfer process |
| US4988152A (en) * | 1987-01-06 | 1991-01-29 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Holographic rearview mirror and method of producing same |
-
1991
- 1991-10-09 GB GB9121331A patent/GB2260420A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-10-07 JP JP26871792A patent/JPH07234627A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0216692A2 (en) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-04-01 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Windscreen having a particular reflection direction to reflect optical signals into the field of vision of the driver |
| US4988152A (en) * | 1987-01-06 | 1991-01-29 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Holographic rearview mirror and method of producing same |
| US4818045A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1989-04-04 | Kaiser Optical Systems | Holographic optical element having periphery with gradually decreasing diffraction efficiency and method of construction |
| US4978593A (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1990-12-18 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Hologram transfer process |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0736426A1 (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1996-10-09 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Automobile glazing for a rain sensor |
| WO1999059815A1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-25 | Pilkington Automotive Uk Limited | Vehicle glazings |
| FR2782944A1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-10 | Aerospatiale | DEVICE FOR LOCATING A BREAK IN A TRANSPARENT PANEL HAVING AT LEAST TWO PLIES AND A PANEL OBTAINED |
| EP0985523A1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-15 | AEROSPATIALE SOCIETE NATIONALE INDUSTRIELLE, Société Anonyme | Location device of a crash in a at least two layer transparent panel and obtained panel |
| US6346314B1 (en) | 1998-09-09 | 2002-02-12 | Aerospatiale | Device for locating a rupture in a transparent panel with at least two panes and panel thus obtained |
| EP2095988A1 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2009-09-02 | Calsonic Kansei Corporation | Headup display system of high visibility |
| EP2095988A4 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2010-11-24 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | Headup display system of high visibility |
| WO2010026032A2 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-11 | G+B Pronova Gmbh | Display device, transparent imaging element and method for the production of a transparent imaging element |
| WO2010026032A3 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-10-07 | G+B Pronova Gmbh | Display device, transparent imaging element and method for the production of a transparent imaging element |
| US10067470B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2018-09-04 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Volume holographic element, volume holographic element manufacturing method, and display device |
| US10353343B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2019-07-16 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Volume holographic element, volume holographic element manufacturing method, and display device |
| US20210373492A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2021-12-02 | WayRay SA | Laminated Holographic Display and Manufacturing Thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9121331D0 (en) | 1991-11-20 |
| JPH07234627A (en) | 1995-09-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |