GB2252973A - Motor vehicle glazings - Google Patents
Motor vehicle glazings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2252973A GB2252973A GB9201311A GB9201311A GB2252973A GB 2252973 A GB2252973 A GB 2252973A GB 9201311 A GB9201311 A GB 9201311A GB 9201311 A GB9201311 A GB 9201311A GB 2252973 A GB2252973 A GB 2252973A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- motor vehicle
- light transmission
- vehicle window
- window pane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006121 base glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MQWCQFCZUNBTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(SC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O MQWCQFCZUNBTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005328 architectural glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 blue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/08—Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths
- C03C4/085—Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths for ultraviolet absorbing glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/095—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/02—Compositions for glass with special properties for coloured glass
Abstract
A motor vehicle window pane is provided, composed of a body tinted grey glass such that the pane has a white light transmission in the range 70-76% with CIELAB colour co-ordinates a* = 0 +/- 1.5 and b = 0 +/- 1.5, and a direct solar heat transmission which is not greater than the white light transmission. The ultra violet light transmission is preferably less than 36%. The base glass for fabrication in accordance with the invention may be produced during a changeover between the production of clear glass and the production of dark grey glass for architectural use.
Description
MOTOR VEHICLE GLAZINGS
The invention relates to window panes for motor vehicles and, in particular, to such window panes composed of body tinted glass.
The expression "body tinted glass" is used to refer to glass which contains, in its composition, one or more components which impart a colour to the glass. The components which give rise to the colour commonly absorb light not only in the visible spectrum, but also in the ultra violet and/or infra red regions of the spectrum, so that such tinted glasses may be used when it is desired to reduce the amount of solar heat transmitted by the glass e.g. to avoid glazed buildings becoming overheated, and/or to reduce the load on air conditioning plant cooling the building.
Such body tinted glasses for architectural use are commercially available in a range of colours including blue, bronze, green and grey and typically have, in a 6 mm substance, a direct solar heat transmission of less than 50% and (except for green glass which has a higher light transmission) a light transmission of around 50% or less; even in 4 mm substances, light transmissions are generally around 60% or less.
It is also known to use body tinted glasses for glazing motor vehicles, both for their solar control properties and, in some cases, for their cosmetic effect. However, light transmissions of 60% are not acceptable in the windscreens and front side windows of motor vehicles for safety reasons, so that the body tinted glass compositions developed for architectural use (apart from green glass) are not suitable for fabrication of window panes for motor vehicles, and special compositions of higher light transmission are required.
Green glass, because of its high solar control performance for a given white light transmission, has been widely used for motor vehicle window panes. However it has not proved universally popular because, perhaps surprisingly, the reaction of the human eye to the colour green used in combination with many of the colours used by motor vehicle stylists is not favourable. For this reason, special bronze glasses (as described in UK patent 1 506 028) have been developed for automotive application, and despite their poorer solar control properties, have proved popular with motor vehicle stylists presumably for their compatibility with a wider range of vehicle body and interior colours.
Hitherto, despite the widespread use for many years of green and bronze body tinted glasses, grey glasses have not been used commercially for vehicle glazings. It is believed that this is because it was thought that, at the levels of light transmission required for safety, they would not have a good solar control performance and their use would simply result in a "dirty" appearance which would not be cosmetically acceptable to the motor vehicle stylist or customer.We have now found, surprisingly, that provided the light transmission of the pane is maintained sufficiently close to a minimum value of 70%, body tinted grey motor vehicle window panes have an attractive appearance and, being technically neutral in colour, match well with the whole range of body and interior colours available to the vehicle stylist, and can be produced with a direct solar heat transmission lower than their white light transmission.
Moreover, because they are in neutral in colour, they are less likely to affect perceived exterior colours, for example the colours of warning or signal lights.
According to the present invention there is provided a motor vehicle window pane composed of a body tinted grey glass such that the pane has a white light transmission in the range 70-76% with CIELAB colour co-ordinates a* = 0+ 1.5 and b* = O + 1.5, and a direct solar heat transmission which is not greater, and preferably less than the white light transmission.
By "white light transmission11 we mean the mathematically integrated product of the spectral transmittance of the glass, the spectral energy output of standard illuminant A, and the phototopic luminous efficiency function; the result being normalised or scaled so that the white light transmission in the absence of glass would be 100%.
Colour co-ordinates are also derived from the spectral transmittance of the glass for daylight conditions (standard
Illuminant D65 and 2" field).
The concepts and definitions of light and colour are described in the Publication CIE No 15.2, Colorimetry (1986) 2nd edition.
Preferably the pane has a white light transmission of less than 73f; panes having a white light transmission in the range 70 to 72% are especially preferred.
By "direct solar heat transmission" we mean the normalised integrated product of the spectral transmittance of the glass, and the spectral energy distribution of direct solar radiation (P Moon - air Mass 2) as defined in Table 3 of the International Standard ISO 9050 (1990).
In practice, the demand for body tinted glasses is generally insufficient to justify dedicating a melting furnace to production of a single tint. Thus it is necessary to change during production from one tint to another, or between clear glass and a tinted glass. Such a changeover may take several days to achieve during which time the glass produced, which is of an intermediate tint, is normally broken up and recycled for remelting. This makes production of glass tints wasteful of production capacity and consequently expensive.It is an important advantage of the present invention that the body tinted grey glass for fabrication into motor vehicle window panes of the invention can conveniently be produced as an intermediate stage in the changeover from clear glass to architectural grey glass (or the change back to clear glass); thus there is virtually no additional break up or wastage of glass required to produce it beyond that which would be lost in the said changeover.
Thus, according to a particularly advantageous aspect of the present invention, motor vehicle window panes are fabricated from a body tinted grey glass produced during the changeover between the production of clear glass and the production of dark grey glass for architectural use, for example a dark grey glass having in a thickness of 4 mm, a light transmission of 55% and a direct solar heat transmission of 55%.
Window panes in accordance with the present invention preferably have an ultra violet light transmission not exceeding 36% in order to reduce deterioration or fading of materials, used within the car interior, which are sensitive to ultra violet light. By "ultra violet energy transmission" we mean the normalised integrated product of the spectral transmittance of the glass, and the spectral energy distribution of the UV part of global radiation as defined in
Table 4 of the International Standard ISO 9050 (1990).
The glasses of the present invention will usually have a composition in the range (in percentage by weight):
SiO2 69 - 73%
A1203 - 2.5
CaO 6 - 10.5
MgO 2.5 - 5.5
Na20 12.5 - 14.5
K20 0 - 1.5 Fe 0 0.17- 0.30
23 SO3 0 - 0.35
Co3O4 35 - 47 ppm (0.0035 - 0.0046%)
Se 8 - 14 ppm (0.0008 - 0.0014%)
Preferably in the range
SiO2 70-5 - 73.0 Al203 0 - 1.8 CaO 7.5 - 10.0
MgO 3.0 - 5.0
Na20 13.0 - 14.0
K20 0 - 0.7 Fe 0 0.21- 0.26
23 SO3 0.15- 0.30 Co304 38 - 44 ppm (0.0038 - 0.0044%)
Se 9 - 12 ppm (0.009 - 0.0012%)
In order to improve the absorption of the glass in the ultra violet region of the spectrum, cerium oxide may be added, usually in an amount to provide from 0.1 to 0.9 weight per cent expressed as Ce02 (although probably present as
Ce203) in the final glass.
The optical properties of the window panes of the invention will depend, of course, on the composition of the glass and the thickness of the panes. We believe the invention will be most widely applied in glass panes of 3 mm nominal thickness, that is, panes have a thickness in the range from about 2.9 mm to about 3.3 mm, but may also be widely used for glass panes of 4 mm nominal thickness, that is, panes having a thickness in the range from about 3.8 mm to about 4.2 mm.
The invention is illustrated but not limited by the following Example.
Example
During a tint change from clear float glass to body 2 tinted dark grey architectural glass , a 4 mm glass 1 Composition, in weight per cent: Si02 - 72.60%, Al 0 - 1.00, CaO - 8.40%, MgO - 3.95%, Na20 - 13.00%, 23 K20 - 0.60%, SO 3 - 0.20%, Fe203 - 0-113%.
2 Composition, in weight per cent: Si02 - 72.35%,
Al2O3 - 1.00%, CaO - 8.40%, MgO - 3.95%, Na20 - 13.00%,
K2O - 0.60%, SO3 - 0.20%, Fe2O3 - 0.39%, Co3O4 3 0.60, 23 34 0.0080%, Se - 0.0022%.
(measured thickness 3.92 mm) suitable for fabrication into vehicle window panes and having the following composition and properties was produced.
Glass composition in weight per cent:
Si02 72.5% A1203 1.0%
CaO 8.4%
MgO 4.0%
Na20 13.0%
K20 0.6% Fe203 0.248% so3 0.23% Co3O4 0.0041%
Se 0.0011%
Optical property data:
Measured on Calculated
3.92 mm sample for 3 mm
White light transmission 71% 76%
White light reflection 7% 7%
Direct solar heat transmission 69% 74%
Solar heat reflection 7% 7%
Solar heat absorption 24% 19%
Total solar heat transmission
at rest 77% 80%
at 30 mph (48 kph) 72% 76%
at 60 mph (96 kph) 71% 75%
Ultra violet transmission 36% 41%
Colour co-ordinates a* = - 0.1 - 0.1
(in transmission) b* = - 1.2 - o.g
Glass produced in this manner was fabricated in conventional manner to produce side lights and a rear light for a motor vehicle.They were found to blend well with the whole range of exterior and interior colours used in motor vehicles, without any jarring colour clashes, and to have an attractive "tinted" appearance of their own and valuable solar control properties.
The present invention provides, for the first time, over twenty years after the introduction of body tinted glasses for automotive glazing, a body tinted vehicle window pane, which, being neutral in colour, is fully compatible with the full range of body and interior colours available to the stylist, is itself of attractive appearance and has valuable solar control properties. The base glass, for fabrication in accordance with the invention may conveniently be produced, without loss of valuable production capacity, during a changeover between the production of clear glass and the production of dark grey glass for architectural use, that is during a tint changeover from clear glass to architectural grey glass or vice versa. The required properties are achieved without a coating on the glass.
Claims (7)
1. A motor vehicle window pane composed of a body tinted
grey glass such that the pane has a white light
transmission in the range 70-76% with CIELAB colour
co-ordinates a* = O+ 1.5 and b* = 0+ 1.5 and a direct
solar heat transmission which is not greater than its
white light transmission.
2. A motor vehicle window pane according to claim 1
having an ultra violet light transmission not exceeding
36%.
3. A motor vehicle window pane according to claim 1 or
claim 2 having a white light transmission in the range
70 to 72%.
4. A motor vehicle window pane according to any of the
preceding claims fabricated from a body tinted grey
glass produced during a changeover between the
production of clear glass and the production of dark
grey glass for architectural use.
5. A motor vehicle window pane according to any of the
preceding claims having a nominal thickness of 4 mm.
6. A motor vehicle window pane according to any of the
preceding claims having a nominal thickness of 3 mm.
7. A motor vehicle window pane produced from a base glass
substantially as described in the foregoing Example.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919101688A GB9101688D0 (en) | 1991-01-25 | 1991-01-25 | Motor vehicle glazings |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9201311D0 GB9201311D0 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
| GB2252973A true GB2252973A (en) | 1992-08-26 |
Family
ID=10689033
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919101688A Pending GB9101688D0 (en) | 1991-01-25 | 1991-01-25 | Motor vehicle glazings |
| GB9201311A Withdrawn GB2252973A (en) | 1991-01-25 | 1992-01-22 | Motor vehicle glazings |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919101688A Pending GB9101688D0 (en) | 1991-01-25 | 1991-01-25 | Motor vehicle glazings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9101688D0 (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2672587A1 (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1992-08-14 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Window glass especially for vehicles, which has an excellent absorptivity for ultraviolet rays and for heat |
| EP0561337A1 (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1993-09-22 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Bronze-colored infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass |
| EP0565882A1 (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1993-10-20 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Neutral gray-colored infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass |
| FR2690437A1 (en) * | 1992-04-22 | 1993-10-29 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Windows for vehicles. |
| FR2738239A1 (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1997-03-07 | Glaverbel | CLEAR GRAY GLASS SODO-CALCIUM |
| US5656559A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1997-08-12 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Clear glass composition intended for the production of panes |
| US6114264A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 2000-09-05 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Gray glass composition |
| FR2876095A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-07 | Saint Gobain Emballage Sa | Silica-soda-calcium glass compound, free of cadmium, with a very low transmission of ultraviolet light, for the production of hollow objects and flat sheets of glass |
| WO2009032006A1 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-12 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Grey glass composition |
| US7585801B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2009-09-08 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Gray glass composition |
| US7666806B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2010-02-23 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Gray glass composition |
| US7863208B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2011-01-04 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Grey glass composition |
| AU2007230224B2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2011-03-31 | Vitro Flat Glass Llc | Low solar absorbing blue glass, solar reflecting coated blue glass, and insulating unit having a low solar heat gain |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112882301B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-08-19 | 浙江精一新材料科技有限公司 | Light valve with gray tone and application thereof |
| CN113759627A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江精一新材料科技有限公司 | Light valve device, light-controlled particles and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1283288A (en) * | 1969-12-11 | 1972-07-26 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Neutral grey glass |
| GB1506028A (en) * | 1974-12-03 | 1978-04-05 | Saint Gobain | Window panes and glass therefor |
| GB2071082A (en) * | 1980-03-04 | 1981-09-16 | Bfg Glassgroup | Tinted soda-lime glass |
-
1991
- 1991-01-25 GB GB919101688A patent/GB9101688D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-01-22 GB GB9201311A patent/GB2252973A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1283288A (en) * | 1969-12-11 | 1972-07-26 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Neutral grey glass |
| GB1506028A (en) * | 1974-12-03 | 1978-04-05 | Saint Gobain | Window panes and glass therefor |
| GB2071082A (en) * | 1980-03-04 | 1981-09-16 | Bfg Glassgroup | Tinted soda-lime glass |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5318931A (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1994-06-07 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Glass panes for vehicles |
| FR2672587A1 (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1992-08-14 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Window glass especially for vehicles, which has an excellent absorptivity for ultraviolet rays and for heat |
| EP0561337A1 (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1993-09-22 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Bronze-colored infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass |
| US5380685A (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1995-01-10 | Central Glass Company, Ltd. | Bronze-colored infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass |
| EP0565882A1 (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1993-10-20 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Neutral gray-colored infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass |
| US5364820A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1994-11-15 | Central Glass Company | Neutral gray-colored infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass |
| FR2690437A1 (en) * | 1992-04-22 | 1993-10-29 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Windows for vehicles. |
| US6114264A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 2000-09-05 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Gray glass composition |
| US5656559A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1997-08-12 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Clear glass composition intended for the production of panes |
| ES2128952A1 (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1999-05-16 | Glaverbel | Clear grey soda-lime glass |
| BE1009753A5 (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1997-07-01 | Glaverbel | Grey glass soda-lime. |
| FR2738239A1 (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1997-03-07 | Glaverbel | CLEAR GRAY GLASS SODO-CALCIUM |
| FR2876095A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-07 | Saint Gobain Emballage Sa | Silica-soda-calcium glass compound, free of cadmium, with a very low transmission of ultraviolet light, for the production of hollow objects and flat sheets of glass |
| US7585801B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2009-09-08 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Gray glass composition |
| US7666806B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2010-02-23 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Gray glass composition |
| AU2007230224B2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2011-03-31 | Vitro Flat Glass Llc | Low solar absorbing blue glass, solar reflecting coated blue glass, and insulating unit having a low solar heat gain |
| US8268741B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2012-09-18 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Low solar absorbing blue glass, solar reflecting coated blue glass, and insulating unit having a low solar heat gain |
| WO2009032006A1 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-12 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Grey glass composition |
| US7863208B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2011-01-04 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Grey glass composition |
| US7932198B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2011-04-26 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Grey glass composition |
| US8669197B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2014-03-11 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Grey glass composition |
| EP3572383A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2019-11-27 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Grey glass composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9101688D0 (en) | 1991-03-06 |
| GB9201311D0 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
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