GB2250726A - Electric-hydraulic vehicle drive system. - Google Patents

Electric-hydraulic vehicle drive system. Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2250726A
GB2250726A GB9025609A GB9025609A GB2250726A GB 2250726 A GB2250726 A GB 2250726A GB 9025609 A GB9025609 A GB 9025609A GB 9025609 A GB9025609 A GB 9025609A GB 2250726 A GB2250726 A GB 2250726A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
batteries
drive system
battery
turbine
relay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9025609A
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GB9025609D0 (en
GB2250726B (en
Inventor
Dominic Wickman
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB9025609A priority Critical patent/GB2250726B/en
Publication of GB9025609D0 publication Critical patent/GB9025609D0/en
Priority to JP91518409A priority patent/JPH05505509A/en
Priority to AU89191/91A priority patent/AU8919191A/en
Priority to EP91919939A priority patent/EP0512086A1/en
Priority to PCT/GB1991/002074 priority patent/WO1992009447A1/en
Publication of GB2250726A publication Critical patent/GB2250726A/en
Priority to GB9216086A priority patent/GB2257098B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2250726B publication Critical patent/GB2250726B/en
Priority to US08/613,529 priority patent/US5769177A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/128—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/94—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a movable wheeled structure
    • F05B2240/941—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a movable wheeled structure which is a land vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/003—Structural associations of slip-rings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

A hydraulic drive system for powering a vehicle comprising: a fluid circuit; a battery driven motorised pump operable to circulate fluid around said fluid circuit; a turbine-generator operably associated with said fluid circuit to generate hydro electricity; and a drive motor for driving the vehicle connectable to the turbine-generator to be powered by the hydro electricity. The drive system may comprise an automatic switching system for enabling change over from charging of a first set of batteries and discharging of a second set of batteries to charging of the second set of batteries and discharging of the first set of batteries when the first set of batteries has charged above a predetermined level or the second set of batteries has discharged below a predetermined level.

Description

HYDRO ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVE SYSTEM Field Of The Invention A hydro electric drive system for powering a vehicle.
Review Of Most Relevant Prior krt Renown To The Applicant With the escalating price of petrol and increasing public concern over ecological issues the pressures to develop an effective alternative to the internal combustion engine for powering vehicles are evermore great. The option of using battery power to drive a vehicle has long been appreciated as esemplified by the electric driven milk float or invalid car. However, battery powered vehicle drive systems have largely been confined to such specialist vehicles and the broader potential of the electric vehicle drive system has yet to be realised.The prime reason for the slow development of the electric powered vehicle is the simple physical constraint of the low power storage capacity of batteries capable of delivering adequate power performance. A milk float, for example requires a multitude of 12 volt lead acid batteries to sustain it through a 3 hour delivery run at an average speed of less than 15 mph. To mitigate the problem of low battery power storage capacity various techniques of power recovery to recharge the battery have been developed. Beyond the well known technique of using sunlight falling on solar panels to recharge a drive battery, use of wind driven turbines mounted to the vehicle or axle-mounted dynamos are popular energy recover options.
A number of battery powered vehicle drive systems make use of a hydraulics circuit to multiply the driving forces from an electric motor. Example such systems are described in FR-2441741 and DE-A-2404809. These known drive systems each comprise a hydraulic press coupled to the vehicle drive axle.
To the best of the applicant's knowledge no known systems make use of a fluid circuit between a first battery driven motor and a second motor powered by hydro electricity. Furthermore, each known hydraulic system does not recover energy from its hydraulic fluid circuit to recharge its battery. The battery is recharged by conventional means such as use of an axle mounted dynamo or a wind driven turbine.
Summarv Of The Invention A hydraulic drive system for powering a vehicle comprising: A fluid circuit; a battery driven motorised pump operable to circulate fluid around said fluid circuit; a turbine and generator operably associated with said fluid circuit to generate hydro electricity; and a drive motor for driving the vehicle connectable to the turbine-generator to be powered by the hydro electricity.
Preferably one or more further turbine-generators are provided, operably associated with the fluid circuit to generate hydroelectricity.
Preferably the one or more further turbine-generators are used to recharge the one or more batteries which power the drive system, in use.
Preferably the fluid circuit incorporates shunts which may be opened and shut by electrically powered flow valves to isolate one or more of the turbine-generators from fluid flowing within the circuit.
Advantageously more than one battery is provided and an automatic switching circuit is provided to control alternation between charging and discharging of each battery.
Preferably three batteries are provided, two of which alternate between powering the motorised pump and being charged by one or more turbine-generators, and a third battery which powers the automatic switching circuit.
Preferably the automatic switching circuit is composed of relays.
Advantageously, automatic switching circtiFt5 may be provided to enable the drive motor or a separate axle mounted dynamo to generate electricity for recharging the one or more batteries.
In the second aspect of the present invention there is provided an electric or hydro electric drive system for powering a vehicle which comprises an automatic switching system for enabling change over from charging of a first set of batteries and discharging of a second set of batteries to charging of the second set of batteries and discharging of the first set of batteries when the first set of batteries has charged above a predetermined level or the second set of batteries has discharged below a predetermined level.
Also within the scope of the present invention is a vehicle incorporating the drive system according to the first or second aspect of the present invention.
Brlef Description Of The Drawings The present invention will now be more particularly described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein figures la-lf collectively comprise an electro mechanical circuit diagram of a drive system embodying the present invention. The ends of lines extending to the edge of each subfigure match up with corresponding lines on the edge of an adjacent sub-figure.The bottom edge of figure la matches with the top edge of figure ib, the bottom edge of figure 1b with the top edge of figure ic, the left hand edge of figure 1c matches with the right hand edge of figure id, the top edge of figure 1d matches with the bottom edge of figure le, the top edge of figure le matches with the bottom edge of figure if, and the right hand edge of figure If matches with the left hand edge of figure la.
DescriPtion Of Preferred Embodiment Referring to figure ib the heart of the drive system comprises a fluid circuit 100 through which water containing anti-freeze, or another suitable fluid or fluid mixture, flows in use. The fluid is circulated around the circuit 100 by a motorised pump 1. A primary turbine-generator 1 and an ausiliary turbine-generator 2 are positioned in the path of fluid flowing through the circuit 100.
Each turbine 1, 2 may, however, be isolated from the flowing fluid by a respective bypass shunt 100a, 100b under flow valve control.
Flow valves 1,3 direct flow through these bypasses 100a, 100b when activated by respective relays. A pair of pressure release valves 5, 6 are also incorporated in the fluid circuit 100.
Referring to figure Ic, the output from the primary turbinegenerator 1 is fed to a drive motor 2 which is mounted to the carden shaft or one of the wheel axles of the vehicle. Drive motor 2 is switched on at a relay 12 when the current of hydro electricity generated by the turbine-generator 1 exceeds a predetermined level set by a resistor, preset 3. A power controller Pc 2 controls the speed of motor 2 by varying the power supplied by turbine-generatorl. A further relay, 13, and preset, A, are provided to enable the drive motor 2 to be switched from being driven to acting as a dynamo to recharge one of the batteries.
Also shown in figure 1c are a further pair of relays 9, 11 one of which, relay 11, switches between contacts enabling drive motor 2 to charge one of the batteries, and the other of which, relay 9, alternately switches on valves 3 and e to control isolation of turbine- ener ator 1.
Referring to figure la, a relay 3 and preset 1 are provided to channel hydro electric current from the turbine-generator 2 to a battery for charging when current flow from the turbinegenerator 2 exceeds a predetermined level. A further relay, relay 2, is provided to switch between operation of flow valves 1 and 2 to direct bypass flow around turbine-generator 2. A third generator, generator 3, may be used to recharge the batteries in place of turbine-generator 2 by action of relay coils la, ib and ic. Generator 3 is an axle-mounted dynamo such as that used to recharge the battery of many combustion engine driven vehicles.
Figure if illustrates the three batteries used to power the drive system. Batteries A and B are used alternately to power the motorised pump 1 and are alternately recharged by turbinegenerator 2, generator 3 or drive motor 2. The relay circuitry used to control automatic changeover between charging of one battery and discharging of the other wili be described in more detail herein after. The third battery, battery C, powers all of the relays. To avoid over complicating the circuit diagram lines extending from the relays to battery C are simply labelled with the letter C. When the drive system is not in use batteries A, B and C may be isolated by respective isolator switches s9, s7 and s8.
Operation of the drive system illustrated in figures la-lf will now be described in more detail.
Before starting up the motorised pump 1 switches sl, 2, 3 and 4 are all in the off state as illustrated. Switches 6, 7, 8 and 9 are in the on state. To initiate circulation of fluid around fluid circuit 100 switches sl and s2 are switched on. These two switches sl and s2 are linked by link 1 to operate together but can be operated independently if desired. Making contact across switch 2 conducts power from battery C to relay 11 which in turn connects motorised pump 1 to battery B. Making contact across switch 1 powers relay 9 to close flow valve 3 and open n flowvalve -I directing flow via generator-turbine 1.Under sone circumstances it may be desirable to operate switch 2 prior to switch 1 to enable build up of flow through bypass 100a prior to directing flow via generator-turbine 1. Switch 4 being off, relay 2 is off and hence valve 1 is closed and valve 2 is open (the flow valves open under power). Bypass shunt 100b is inoperative and thus circulatory flow passes through the path of generatorturbine 2.
The fluid pumping rate is controlled by power controller Pc 1 which varies the power supplied to the motorised pump 1. This power controller may, alternatively, be sited between motor 1 and pump 1 components of the motorised pump 1.
As the fluid within fluid circuit 100 gains momentum the hydro electricity generated by generator-turbines 1 and 2 will increase above predetermined levels set by preset 3 and 1 respectively.
Current thus flows from turbine-generator 1 to power drive motor 2, and from turbine-generator 2 to charge battery A.
As drive motor 2 sets the vehicle in motion, the axle mounted dynamo, generator 3, will begin to generate electricity. With switch 6 in one position this electricity may be directed to recharge one of the batteries, A, B or C. With switch 6 in its other position the electricity may be directed to some alternative load, such as for example the vehicle headlights, indicated as generator 3 load on figure la.
Switch 5 enables a selection to be made between use of the power output from generator 3 to charge battery A when switch s5 is in its position N, or to charge battery C when switch 5 is in its position GH. With switch 5 in position N relays 1b and c are powered whilst relay la is not. When powered relay 1b puts the axle-mounted generator 3 to charge battery A and relay ic puts the auxiliary turbine generator 2 to charge battery C.Switch s5 in its CII position powers relay la alone enabling relay 1b to switch turbine-generator 2 to charge battery A while relay 1 changes battery C to relay la contacts. Since relay 1 is now powered this switches the axle nzountee generator 3 to ch.aroe battery C. The overall result of this arrangement is that with switch 5 in position N (normal) battery A or B will be charged by generator 2 until generator 3 operates.Generator 3 will then cause generator 2 to be switched to charge battery C while generator 3 charges battery A or B. If desired generator 3 can be used to charge battery C and generator 2 to charge battery A or B by setting switch s5 to its CII position.
As the vehicle moves along, the momentum gained by the axlemounted drive motor 2 can be made use of to generate electricity for charging battery A or battery B. If switches 1 and 2 are moved to the off position relay 11 will switch off. Hydro electricity will cease to be generated relay 12 will switch off, drive motor 2 will be able to generate electricity and, by tripping relay 13, this electricity will be conducted back to whichever battery, A or B, was powering the motorised pump 1 immediately prior to turning off switches 1 and 2.
An automatic changeover circuit (figures id, le and if) is provided to enable battery B to be charged as soon as it has discharged below a predetermined minimum voltage or as soon as battery A has charged above a predetermined maximum voltage.
Similarly, the automatic changeover circuitry will subsequently reverse the order of charging and discharging when battery B charges above the predetermined maximum level or battery X discharges below the predetermined minimum level. The maximum level of charging and the minimum level of discharging are, respectively, responded to by a charge monitor comprising, in part, a relay 6b and preset resistance, preset 6, and a discharge monitor comprising, in part, a relay 6a and a preset resistance, preset 7. When switched, relay 6a or 6b will trip a further relay, relay 4, to switch the output from the generators 1, 2 or 3 and the load from the motorised pump 1 between batteries A and B.
When the drive system is initially turned on and battery B is discharging to the motorised pump 1 and battery A charging from generators 1, 2 or 3 relay 4 will be unpowered, as illustrated The power is supplied to relay 4, from battery C when a further relay, relay 10b, which is initially powered by battery B, switches off as a result of battery B discharging below the predetermined level set by preset 5. or when a further relay, relay 10a, switches on as a result of battery A charging above the predetermined level set by preset 8. Power is supplied to relay 4 and two further relays, relays 5 and 8, from Battery C via a latching relay, relay 7 which is activated (powered) by deactivation of relay 10b or activation of relay 10a.Following activation of relay 4 Battery B will begin to charge while Battery A begins to discharge. Activation of relay 5 connects battery B via preset 6 to relay 6b and disconnects battery A from preset 8/relay 10a.
Activation of relay 8 connects preset 5/relay 10b to battery C to maintain relay 10b in the activated state. Relay 8 also disconnects preset 7/relay 6a from battery C and reconnects them to battery A. When battery B has charged sufficiently to overcome preset resistance 6 relay 6b will be activated switching back relay A.
Alternatively, when battery A has discharged below the level set by preset 7 relay 6a will be deactivated also switching back relay 4. Either of these occurrences will result in resetting of battery X to charge and battery B to discharge.
To avoid false switching of relays 6a and 1Ob, these relays are each fitted with a capacitor, C2 and C1 respectively, to smooth power surges and provide temporary power supply should power from the battery be cut. Capactior C2 maintains power to relay 6a as relay 6a is transferred from battery C to battery A.
Should it be required to change over charging and discharging of batteries A and B manually, a suitable switch S3 is provided.
Although the present invention has been described above with respect to one preferred embodiment numerous alternative embodiments are possible. Although the circuit of the drive system illustrated is composed of a large number of relays, the same role may be performed, less efficiently, by solid state circuitry. It has been found, in practice, that integrated circuits are an unreliable alternative to relays.

Claims (10)

CLATMS
1. A hydraulic drive system for powering a vehicle comprising: A fluid circuit; a battery driven motorised pump operable to circulate fluid around said fluid circuit; a turbine-generator operably associated with said fluid circuit to generate hydro electricity; and a drive motor for driving the vehicle connectable to the turbine-generator to be powered by the hydro electricity.
2. A drive system according to claim 1, wherein one or more further turbine-generators are provided, operably associated with the fluid circuit to generate hydro-electricity.
3. A drive system according to claim 2, wherein the one or more further turbine-generators are used to recharge the one or more batteries which power the drive system, in use.
4. A drive system according to claim 2, wherein the fluid circuit incorporates shunts which may be opened and shut by electrically powered flow valves to isolate one or more of the turbine-generators from fluid flowing within the circuit.
5. A drive system according to any preceding claim, wherein more than one battery is provided and an automatic switching circuit is provided to control alternation between charging and discharging of each battery.
6. A drive system according to claim 5, wherein three batteries are provided, two of which alternate between powering the motorised pump and being charged by one or more turbine generators, and a third battery which powers the automatic switching circuit.
7. A drive system according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the automatic switching circuit is composed of relays.
8. A drive system according to any preceding claim, wherein an automatic switching circuit is provided to enable the drive motor or a separate axle mounted dynamo to generate electricity for recharging the one or more batteries.
9. An electric or hydro electric drive system for powering a vehicle which comprises an automatic switching system for enabling change over from charging of a first set of batteries and discharging of a second set of batteries to charging of the second set of batteries and discharging of the first set of batteries when the first set of batteries has charged above a predetermined level or the second set of batteries has discharged below a predetermined level.
10. A vehicle incorporating the drive system according to any of the preceding claims.
GB9025609A 1990-11-24 1990-11-24 Hydro electric vehicle drive system Expired - Fee Related GB2250726B (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9025609A GB2250726B (en) 1990-11-24 1990-11-24 Hydro electric vehicle drive system
JP91518409A JPH05505509A (en) 1990-11-24 1991-11-22 Electric vehicle drive system
AU89191/91A AU8919191A (en) 1990-11-24 1991-11-22 Hydro electric vehicle drive system
EP91919939A EP0512086A1 (en) 1990-11-24 1991-11-22 Hydro electric vehicle drive system
PCT/GB1991/002074 WO1992009447A1 (en) 1990-11-24 1991-11-22 Hydro electric vehicle drive system
GB9216086A GB2257098B (en) 1990-11-24 1992-07-23 Hydro electric vehicle drive system
US08/613,529 US5769177A (en) 1990-11-24 1996-03-11 Hydro electric vehicle drive system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9025609A GB2250726B (en) 1990-11-24 1990-11-24 Hydro electric vehicle drive system

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9025609D0 GB9025609D0 (en) 1991-01-09
GB2250726A true GB2250726A (en) 1992-06-17
GB2250726B GB2250726B (en) 1995-01-11

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GB9025609A Expired - Fee Related GB2250726B (en) 1990-11-24 1990-11-24 Hydro electric vehicle drive system
GB9216086A Expired - Fee Related GB2257098B (en) 1990-11-24 1992-07-23 Hydro electric vehicle drive system

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GB9216086A Expired - Fee Related GB2257098B (en) 1990-11-24 1992-07-23 Hydro electric vehicle drive system

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EP (1) EP0512086A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05505509A (en)
AU (1) AU8919191A (en)
GB (2) GB2250726B (en)
WO (1) WO1992009447A1 (en)

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JP3174484U (en) * 2012-01-11 2012-03-22 雪雄 山本 Power generator
NZ703502A (en) 2012-06-25 2016-06-24 Rsc Ind Inc Cooling system and methods for cooling interior volumes of cargo trailers

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GB2344798A (en) * 1998-11-27 2000-06-21 Mervyn Davies Electrically-propelled vehicle with hydraulic transmission
GB2344798B (en) * 1998-11-27 2002-08-07 Mervyn Davies Pressurised liquid propulsion, an assisted self propelled vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9216086D0 (en) 1992-09-23
GB9025609D0 (en) 1991-01-09
EP0512086A1 (en) 1992-11-11
GB2250726B (en) 1995-01-11
GB2257098B (en) 1995-01-11
GB2257098A (en) 1993-01-06
WO1992009447A1 (en) 1992-06-11
JPH05505509A (en) 1993-08-12
AU8919191A (en) 1992-06-25

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