GB2226838A - Underground gallery support - Google Patents
Underground gallery support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2226838A GB2226838A GB9000431A GB9000431A GB2226838A GB 2226838 A GB2226838 A GB 2226838A GB 9000431 A GB9000431 A GB 9000431A GB 9000431 A GB9000431 A GB 9000431A GB 2226838 A GB2226838 A GB 2226838A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- gallery
- steel plate
- support
- segments
- plate segments
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
An underground gallery support has steel plate segments (1) curved in the peripheral direction or assembled as a polygon, with optional stiffening members (13) and optional wall anchors, the steel plate segment (1) being profiled to form profile chambers (4) of constant cross-section open towards the rock wall, and the steel plate segments (1) being attached to each other in both the longitudinal and the peripheral directions of the gallery and to the rockwall by back-filling the intervening spaces with concrete (5). The profile chambers (4) run longitudinally along the gallery and together with their concrete back-filling (5) constitute reinforced concrete beams (6), running along the gallery and reinforced at least by the adjacent plate in the steel plate segments while the zones (7) between reinforced concrete beams are adapted to elastic bending. …<IMAGE>…
Description
UNDERGROUND GALLERY SUPPORT
This invention relates to a gallery support, more particularly for undeground mine workings, comprising steel plate segments curved in the peripheral direction or assembled as a polygon, with optional stiffening members and optional wall anchors, in which the steel plate segments are profiled to form profile chambers open towards the rock wall and having a prescribed shape in cross-section, the steel plate segments being attached to each other in both the longitudinal and the peripheral directions of the gallery and to the rock wall by back-filling the intervening spaces with concrete. The term gallery also covers tunnels. The gallery cross-section can be circular or arcuate with a flat floor. The term concrete refers more particularly to what is known as lining concrete, and can be pumped into place.It can consist of a fine cement scurry.
In the known gallery support on which the invention is based (DE-PS 3 32 521), the profile chambers run transversely to the long gallery axis, i.e., in the peripheral direction.
They are arcuate in cross-section, and their concrete backfilling constitutes a relatively mechanically stiff ring or ring segment of concrete disposed transversely to the long gallery axis. Their connections in the axial direction constitute bolted joints. Supporting arches in the form of steel supporting rings can be disposed between the rings or ring segments. In the structural engineering terms, the entire known embodiment forms an annular supporting structure made up of successive rings or ring segments which abut each other but are only lightly bonded to each other by what are known as wall anchors.In respect of the rock forces, which to a first approximation can be considered as hydrostatic compression forces, the rings or ring segments are not adapted to controlled resilient behaviour, which is generally known to tunnelling engineers as spring elasticity between successive steel segments in the peripheral direction (see DE-PS 33 39 476) .
The object of the invention is to provide a gallery support of the type initially described which is adequately resilient in respect of the working rock forces and furthermore constitutes a supporting structure with strong bonding between successive steel plate segments and their concrete back-filling in the axial direction of the gallery.
According to the present invention, the profile chambers run longitudinally along the gallery and together with their concrete back-filling constitute reinforced concrete beams, running along the gallery and reinforced at least by the adjacent plate in the steel plate segments, their surface moment of inertia being determined by the constant cross-secton of the profile chambers on the one hand and the rock wall surface on the other hand, whilst the zones between reinforced concrete beams in the peripheral direction are adapted to elastic bending.
It will be evident that the profile chambers and hence the reinforced concrete beams are dimensioned in accordance with the working rock forces. The steel segments incroporated as reinforcement in the reinforced concrete beams must obviously be designed in conformity with the rules of statics, particularly as regards the plate thickness.
Equally obviously, the profile chambers and hence the reinforced concrete beams must extend uninterruptedly through successive steel plate segments along the entire gallery length or prescribed section thereof. The invention arises from the discovery that strong bonding in the the supporting structure along the gallery axis is an advantageous feature, superior to the conventional bolting together of supporting frames, and can be brought about by providing reinforced concrete beams disposed along the long gallery axis.
Advantageous resilience for withstanding the rock forces is nevertheless provided, since the zones between the reinforced concrete beams are adapted to elastic bending. The reinforced concrete beams can be designed for particularly high stiffness in bending. This can be ensured by appropriately dimensioning the surface moment of inertia and by additional means. In this connection, the profile chambers are preferably provided with keying members attached to the steel plate segments and adapted for embedding in the back-filling concrete.In order to increase and simultaneously improve the bending strength of the reinforced concrete beams the back-filling concrete is preferably a f ibre-reinforced concrete, so that the reinforced concrete beams are further reinforced by the fibres. One can use metal fibres, wire- or nail-like pieces of metal, carbon fibres, glass fibres or plastics fibres or the like.
Bending resilience between the reinforced concrete beams can be ensured in a simple manner, more particularly by means characterised in that the formed sections of the steel plate segments between the profile chambers lie on or very close to the rock face, at least in local regions, thereby reducing the local thickness and hence the bending stiffness of the concrete lining layer. However, the steel plate segments can also be provided with supporting members facing the rock wall, in the form of bolts or supporting pads for example. It is within the scope of the invention to arrange for the easy-bending zones also to have a concrete backfilling, albeit much thinner than the reinforced cocnrete beams, so that the concrete back-fillings behind the resilient zones form fracture-locating areas and thus provide resilience.It is equally possible however to leave the resilient zones free from concrete back-filling. For this purpose, the steel plate segments can be provided with suitable sealing strips or the like. It is within the scope of the invention to assemble the steel plate segments from segment pieces each having a profile chamber and longitudinal profile flanges, 1 an ge s, the segment pieces overlapping and being connected together by the profile flanges. It was pointed out initially that the gallery support on which the invention is based can have additional stiffening members.To effect this by simple means the gallery faces of the steel plate segments can be fitted with connectors for the attachment of the stiffening members, which can thus be set up easily after assembly.
Depending on the rock conditions the invention can be carried out without recourse to stiffening members. On the other hand, stiffening members can also be added subsequently to the gallery support of the invention, depending on the rock conditions and the support requirements. Thus, arch support segments may be attached yieldably to the steel plate segments and/or each other. If attached to the steel plate segments, arrangements can be made so that attachment to the reinforced concrete beams is also provided. The arch support segments can be assembled into complete closed arches or open
U-shaped arches. It is within the scope of the invention to arrange the arch support segments so that they only subtend a certain proportion of the gallery periphery, without forming closed or open U-shaped arches. In this way, it is possible to stiffen areas which need to withstand exceptionally heavy rock forces. The stiffening members must obviously be so disposed that the elastic strains required to contain the rock forces can take place. For this purpose, the arch support segments may be attached to the steel plate segments rigidly at some points and yieldably at others. The arch support segments should preferably be set up after assembly. It is within the scope of the invention to provide additional wall anchors, preferably registering with the reinforced concrete beams, through which suitable holes are bored. They can also be provided advantageously at points where the arch support segments are attached rigidly to the steel plate segments.
Two embodiments of the invention will now be described, purely by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a length of gallery support in accordance with the invention, with much of the rock cut away;
Figure 2'is a part-sectional end elevation of Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows the area A of Figure 2, on a larger scale; Figure 4 is a view corresponding to Figure 2 showing another embodiment of gallery support in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 5 shows the profiles of various steel plate segments a), b) and c) for use in gallery supports in accordance with the invention.
The gallery support shown in the Figures is specifically designed for use in underground mine workings.
It consists basically of steel plate segments 1 assembled to form a closed circular or U-shaped shell. Stiffening members 2 and wall anchors 3 can be added. The steel plate segments 1 are profiled to form profile chambers 4 of constant crosssection open to the rock wall. The steel plate segments 1 are attached to each other in both the longitudinal and the peripheral directions of the gallery, to form a closed or arcuate supporting structure. The steel plate segments 1 are attached to the rock wall by an outer back-filling 5 of concrete.
Figures 1 and 4 more particularly show that the profile chambers 4 run longitudinally along the gallery, and together with their concrete back-filling 5 constitute reinforced concrete beams 6 running along the gallery and reinforced at least by the adjacent steel plate segment 1.
The surface moment of inertia of these reinforced concrete beams 6 is determined for the most part by the constant crosssection of the profile chambers 4 but additionally by the surface of the rock wall. The zones 7 between the reinforced concrete beams 6 are adapted to elastic bending. The profile chambers 4 and hence the reinforced concrete beams 6 are obviously dimensioned in conformity with the rock forces they have to withstand. The steel plate segments 1 incorporated as reinforcement in the reinforced concrete beams 6 are designed in conformity with the rules of statistics, particularly as regards the plate thickness, and the stability requirements. Inside the profile chambers 4 there are disposed keying members 8, attached to the steel plate segments 1, projecting into and embedded in the back-filling 5 of concrete.The concrete can be of the fibre-reinforced type. In order to allow easy bending, the steel plate segments 1 preferably extend at least locally to lie on or very close to the rock face, i.e., in the formations 9 lying between the profile chambers 4. Though it is not shown, the steel plate segments 1 can have foot-pieces facing the rock wall and resting thereon. In the embodiment shown, the easybending zones 7 also have a concrete back-filling 5 but its thickness is substantially smaller than that of the reinforced concrete beams 6. This gives rise to fracture-locating areas which provide adequate resilience. Alternatively howver, the resilient zones 7 can be left devoid of back-filling concrete.
The individual steel plate segments 1 subtend only a section of the gallery periphery. They are brought into the underground gallery individually, for assembly on site.
Alternatively however, e.g. as shown in Figure 4 the steel plate segments 1 can themselves be assembled from partsegments 181 each having a profile chamber 4 and longitudinal profile flanges 11; the part-segments l overlap in the flange area. Figure 5 indicates other possibilities.
Figure 1 shows that the gallery faces of the steel plate segments 1 are fitted with connectors 12 for the attachment of stiffening members 13. The stiffening members 13 are shown in their assembled positions. The connectors 12 can be attached to special fixing members 14, as indicated in Figure 1. Additionally, they can also be embedded in the concrete in the reinforced concrete beams 6.
Figure 4 shows that the stifening members 13 can take the form of arch support segments attached yieldably to the steel plate segments 1 and/or each other. The easy-bending zones are identified by reference numeral 15. It is possible in principle for the stiffening members 13 to form a complete closed arch or an open U-shaped arch. This is illustrated in the forefront of Figure 1. However, it is also shown that the stiffening members 13 can merely extend over part of the gallery peirphery. In this case, the stiffening members 13 are attached to the steel plate segments 1 rigidly at some points and yieldably at others. They can be set up after assembly. Moreover, the steel plate segments 1 can be connected one to another in such a way that curves can be negotiated in the gallery. Furthermore, they can be stiffened locally by crimping or the like.
Claims (19)
1. A gallery support comprising steel plate segments curved in the peripheral direction or assembled as a polygon and profiled to form profile chambers open towards the rock wall and having a prescribed shape in cross-section, the steel plate segments being attached to each other in both the longitudinal and the peripheral directions of the gallery and to the rock wall by back-filling the intervening spaces with concrete, and wherein the profile chambers run longitudinally along the gallery and together with their concrete backfilling constitute reinforced concrete beams, running along the gallery and reinforced at least by the adjacent plate in the steel plate segments, their surface moment of inertia being determined by the constant cross-section of the profile chambers on the one hand and the rock wall surface on the other hand, whilst the zones between reinforced concrete beams in the peripheral direction are adapted to elastic bending.
2. A gallery support as in Claim 1, wherein the profile chambers are dimensioned in accordance with the working rock forces.
3. A gallery support as in either of Claims 1 and 2, wherein the profile chambers are provided with keying members attached to the steel plate segments and embedded in the backfilling concrete.
4. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the back-filling concrete is reinforced with fibres for additional reinforcement.
5. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the formed sections of the steel plate segments between the profile chambers lie on or very close to the rock face, at least locally.
6. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the steel plate segments are provided with supporting members facing the rock wall.
7. A gallery support as in Claim 6, wherein the supporting members are bolts or pads.
8. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the easy-bending zones also have a concrete backfilling, albeit much thinner than the reinforced concrete beams.
9. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the easy-bending zones are left free from concrete ba ckif il 1 ing.
18. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 1 to 9, wherein the steel plate segments are assembled from segment pieces each having a profile chamber and longitudinal profile flanges, the segment pieces overlapping and being connected together by the profile flanges.
11. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the gallery faces of the steel plate segments are fitted with connectors for the attachment of stiffening members.
12. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 1 to 11, wherein additional stiffening members are fitted and take the form of arch support segments attached yieldably to the steel plate segments and/or each other.
13. A gallery support as in Claim 12, wherein the arch support segments form a complete closed or open U-shaped arch.
14. A gallery support as in Claim 12, wherein the arch support segments only subtend a certain proportion of the gallery.
15. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 12 to 14, wherein the arch support segments are attached to the steel plate segments rigidly at some points and yieldably at others.
16. A gallery support as in any one of Claims 12 to 15, wherein the arch support segments are set up after assembly.
17. A gallery support substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings.
18. A gallery support substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
19. A gallery support as in Claim 17 or Claim 18 with steel plate segments as in any one of Figures 5a, 5b or 5c.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19893900431 DE3900431C3 (en) | 1989-01-10 | 1989-01-10 | Route expansion, especially for mining underground operations |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9000431D0 GB9000431D0 (en) | 1990-03-07 |
| GB2226838A true GB2226838A (en) | 1990-07-11 |
| GB2226838B GB2226838B (en) | 1992-08-26 |
Family
ID=6371760
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9000431A Expired - Fee Related GB2226838B (en) | 1989-01-10 | 1990-01-09 | Underground gallery support |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2226838B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2253423A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-09-09 | Linsingen Heintzmann Von | Gallery support, more particularly for underground mine workings |
| GB2260553A (en) * | 1991-10-08 | 1993-04-21 | Linsingen Heintzmann Von | Gallery lining |
| US6663319B1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-16 | George Bradley Barker | Sewer lining system |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113969592B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-04-11 | 重庆钢结构产业有限公司 | Underground comprehensive pipe gallery connecting structure and underground comprehensive pipe gallery |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB408720A (en) * | 1932-11-03 | 1934-04-19 | Colvilles Ltd | Improvements relating to the construction of tunnels, roadways for underground workings and the like |
| GB1179897A (en) * | 1966-04-02 | 1970-02-04 | Hoesch Ag | Improvements in Underground Gallery Linings |
| GB2014211A (en) * | 1979-01-16 | 1979-08-22 | Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann | Yieldable Mine Arches |
| GB2046815A (en) * | 1979-03-27 | 1980-11-19 | Edbro Holdings | Tunnel lining units |
| GB1595274A (en) * | 1977-01-24 | 1981-08-12 | Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann | Closed yieldable gallery arch structure in particular for underground pit galleries |
-
1990
- 1990-01-09 GB GB9000431A patent/GB2226838B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB408720A (en) * | 1932-11-03 | 1934-04-19 | Colvilles Ltd | Improvements relating to the construction of tunnels, roadways for underground workings and the like |
| GB1179897A (en) * | 1966-04-02 | 1970-02-04 | Hoesch Ag | Improvements in Underground Gallery Linings |
| GB1595274A (en) * | 1977-01-24 | 1981-08-12 | Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann | Closed yieldable gallery arch structure in particular for underground pit galleries |
| GB2014211A (en) * | 1979-01-16 | 1979-08-22 | Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann | Yieldable Mine Arches |
| GB2046815A (en) * | 1979-03-27 | 1980-11-19 | Edbro Holdings | Tunnel lining units |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2253423A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-09-09 | Linsingen Heintzmann Von | Gallery support, more particularly for underground mine workings |
| GB2253423B (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1994-08-31 | Linsingen Heintzmann Von | Gallery support,more particularly for underground mine workings |
| GB2260553A (en) * | 1991-10-08 | 1993-04-21 | Linsingen Heintzmann Von | Gallery lining |
| GB2260553B (en) * | 1991-10-08 | 1995-07-26 | Linsingen Heintzmann Von | Gallery lining |
| US6663319B1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-16 | George Bradley Barker | Sewer lining system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9000431D0 (en) | 1990-03-07 |
| GB2226838B (en) | 1992-08-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20010109 |