GB2219526A - Method and apparatus for the preparation of scrap - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the preparation of scrap Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2219526A GB2219526A GB8912155A GB8912155A GB2219526A GB 2219526 A GB2219526 A GB 2219526A GB 8912155 A GB8912155 A GB 8912155A GB 8912155 A GB8912155 A GB 8912155A GB 2219526 A GB2219526 A GB 2219526A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- scrap
- particles
- cutting material
- separation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1204—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
- B07C2501/0036—Sorting out metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
- B07C2501/0054—Sorting of waste or refuse
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
In a method and apparatus for the recovery of a non-magnetic metal e.g. Ti which has particles of ferromagnetic cutting material entrained therewith, the mixture is comminuted, graded, degreased, dried and separated magnetically before being guided through an additional magnetic field constituted by magnets (31,32) whereby any residues of particles of ferromagnetic cutting material are magnetized. Then the magnetised residue runs through a testing system (20) which comprises magnetic probes (35,35') and responds to ferromagnetic particles passing through. The response of the testing system is used to govern the speed of the conveyor 18 and the position of the guide (38 Fig.3) in the grader 25. <IMAGE>
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SCRAP
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of scrap of a non-magnetic metal or a nonmagnetic metal alloy which consists at least partially of chips and contains impurities, more particularly particles of ferromagnetic cutting material, originating from the cutting operation, by comminution, degreasing, washing out, drying and multiple magnetic separation, particles of ferromagnetic cutting material being separated in the penultimate magnetic separation by the cooperation of the magnetic field of force itself, while in the final magnetic separation the scrap is divided in accordance with the result of magnetic probing into usable batches of scrap and batches of scrap still containing coarse particles of ferromagnetic cutting material. Such a method has already been disclosed in German Patent Specification 31 46 049.
The processing of metallic materials to make semi-finished and finished products and structural components creates a large amount of scrap, much of which is in small pieces or can be comminuted into portions comprising small pieces. A significant proportion of such scrap is deposited in the form of chips from cutting operations.
For economic reasons, use is often made for chip removal of hard metal tools comprising a large proportion of highmelting brittle carbides. The chips collecting are contaminated by particles of hard metal, due to the destruction and wear of the hard metal tools.
Prepared scrap is becoming increasingly used for nonmetallic metals and their alloys, which are usually highly valuable metal. The object of such preparation is not only to obviate the usual contaminations, such as residues of cutting oil and fats, but also to obviate contamination by particles of cutting material.
In the case of metals and their alloys whose melting point lies distinctly below the melting point of the carbides such as, for example, tungsten carbide, contained in the hard metal, it is particularly important to reliably eliminate harmful particles of cutting material, to avoid foreign inclusions in the melted bloom.
For purpose of cutting these high-quality metals and their alloys cutting tools are normally used which have certain minimum values as regards their magnetic properties, such as coercive field strength and specific magnetic saturation polarization. These minimum values are provided by ferromagnetic tools of high-speed steel or tools of cobaltbonded hard metal with a predetermined minimum cobalt content.
The preparation of chips of metallic materials is of course performed in a number of steps by comminution, degreasing, washing and drying, operations which already separate large proportions of undesirable impurities. The subsequent multi-stage magnetic separation via different arrangements of magnets and magnetic systems results in a further separation and the elimination of magnetic, including magnetic high-melting particles.
However, it has hitherto been impossible to use the prior art magnetic separation processes for the separation, necessary to ensure quality, of all high-melting particles of cutting material which do not completely reliably melt and pass into solution during the subsequent melting processes. To ensure the complete separation of highmelting particles of cutting material, the disclosure in
German Patent Specification 31 46 049 proposes that the purified chips are subsequently X-rayed, the result of such
X-raying triggering the separation of impure components of the scrap.
It is an object of the present invention so to develop the above described process so as to ensure that scrap components still containing coarse particles of ferromagnetic cutting materials are reliably separated in a continuous, automatable operation.
It is another object of the invention to provide a suitable apparatus and to disclose particularly advantageous applications.
According to the present invention, following the penultimate magnetic separation and prior to the magnetic probing of the last magnetic separation, the scrap is continuously spread out on a flat conveying support and guided with the conveying support through a magnetic field, any particles of ferromagnetic cutting material still left in the scrap being magnetized, and then the scrap passes with the conveying support through the magnetic probing, whereafter separation is performed into the usable batches of scrap and batches of scrap still containing coarse particles of ferromagnetic cutting material.
In the known magnetic separators, in each case during or after magnetic separation the scrap is transferred to the next stage of the process by free fall via chutes of varying steepness, the scrap being subjected to the vibrations caused by such transfer. These vibrations can reverse the magnetization of the particles of ferromagnetic cutting materials by the magnetic field of the magnetic separator.
The present invention is cesigned to obviate such effects, since the scrap to be subjected to the final magnetic probing is finally magnetized only when, following the penultimate magnetic separation, it has come to rest on its conveying support and is no loner subjected to any protracted vibrations on its path through the additional magnetic field and the magnetic probing operation.
The response of the system is preferably triggered by particles of cutting material having a grain size of 0.4 mm and above.
The above described system may be particularly suitable for the preparation of chip-containing scrap of one of the following metals: hafnium, niobium and vanadium, or of a non-magnetic alloy of one of these metals.
The method may be particularly advantageously used for the preparation of chips of one of the light metals aluminium and magnesium, or from a non-magnetic alloy of these light metals. Even though these light metals are not usually regarded as particularly valuable, there are nevertheless applications, for example, in the aviation industry, where particular purity of the metal or alloys is very important.
A particularly advantageous application of the method may consist in its use for the preparation of chips of one of the metals titanium and zirconium, or of a non-magnetic alloy of these metals. Their use, for example, in the space industry also requires particularly sustained efforts to ensure purity.
Apparatus for carrying out the above described method may include systems for the comminution, degreasing, washing out and drying of the scrap, a system for the magnetic separation of the dried scrap, a testing system responding to coarse particles of cutting material in the prepurified scrap, a device for separating scrap components containing coarse particles of cutting material, and conveying devices, which apparatus is characterized in that located between the penultimate magnetic separator and the magnetic testing system is an arrangement of magnets in whose magnetic field the conveyor belt is arranged which conveys the scrap through the magnetic field of the arrangement of magnets and the testing system.
In such apparatus, the arrangement of magnets may comprise permanent magnets located above and below the conveyor belt, and the testing system may comprise at least one magnetic probe which is carefully screened against external magnetic fields by the casing of the testing system. The magnetic probe is connected to a control apparatus which controls a grading shunt in relation to the conveying speed of the conveyor belt.
The present invention will now be described in greater detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, where applied to the preparation and testing of titanium chips, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic flow chart of the method;
Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic illustration of the
preparation apparatus for titanium chips, and
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.
Referring to Fig. 1, scrap to be prepared, for example, titanium chips, is conveyed via a feed funnel 1 to a comminuting system 2, where it is comminuted into pieces about 20 mm in size. The comminuted material passes via an intermediate conveyor 3 to a grading device 4, to separate coarse pieces and a proportion of fine-grained components.
For these purposes the grading device 4 has an oversize grain discharge 4 and an undersize grain discharge 6.
A conveyor 7 conveys the graded, comminuted titanium chips to a degreasing and washing system 8 having a washing fluid inlet 9 and a washing fluid outlet 10 which removes contaminations. The washed, comminuted chips are fed via an intermediate belt 11 to a drier 12 which has a hot air inlet 13 and an exhaust air outlet 14.
Another conveyor 15 conveys the dried scrap - i.e., in the example given the dried comminuted titanium chips - to a magnetic separator 16 via whose discharge 17 magnetic material is separated. The magnetic separator 16 is the penultimate magnetic separator previously referred to.
A large proportion of the particles of ferromagnetic cutting materials is separated via the discharge 17, so that ferromagnetic particles remain only sporadically in the scrap thus prepurified and must subsequently be detected and separated.
The prepurified scrap is then fed properly monitored and uniformly distributed in width to a conveyor belt 18 which passes through a magnetic field arrangement 19 and a testing system 20. From the testing system 20 a transmitter cable 21 extends to a control apparatus 22, from which a control cable 23 leads off, and terminates in a pulse transmitting cable 24 (the function of a pulse counting device 36 will be disclosed in details hereinafter).
The control cable 23 extends to a grading shunt 25 for the satisfactory/poor grading of the prepurified scrap.
Associated with the grading shunt 25 is a normal discharge 26 and a waste discharge 27 extending respectively to a finished product receiver 28 and a waste product receiver 29.
The parts of the installation comprising the conveyor belt 18, magnetic field arrangement 19, testing system 20 and controlled grading shunt 25 cooperate as a whole to substantially form the final magnetic separation.
Fig. 2 shows that part of the apparatus which adjoins the penultimate magnetic separation. The prepurified, substantially clean scrap passes via a feed chute 30 to the conveyor belt 18 and first into the magnetic field arrangement 19, which comprises an upper permanent magnet 31 arranged above the conveyor belt 18 and a lower permanent magnet 32 arranged below the conveyor belt 18. The testing system 20 is carefully screened against external magnetic fields, including the magnetic field arrangement 19, by a casing 33 and contains a steplessly adjustable holder 34 to which two magnetic probes 35, 35' are attached above the conveyor belt 18.
Fig. 3 shows how a pulse counting device 36 which is associated with a roller of the conveyor belt 18 continuously determines the conveying speed. The conveying speed is supplied via the pulse transmitter cable 24 to the control apparatus 22, to which the transmitter cable 21 of the magnetic probe 35 and the transmitter cable 21' of a magnetic probe 35' are connected.
The control cable 23 is connected to an adjusting device 37 which acts on an adjusting member 38 of the grading shunt 25.
Materials which have been found to be suitable for the conveyor belt 18 are strips of non-magnetic metal and also antistatic strip material of plastics, each with glued-on lateral guides of foam rubber.
Testing in the testing system 20 is performed by a magnetic field measuring method, using as the measuring element for increased security an arrangement of two magnetic probes 35, 35' arranged in series and having cores of a highly permeable material which is enclosed by a coil through which alternating current flows. The voltages of the basic frequency and their odd harmonics are induced in a second coil of the magnetic probe, used as a secondary coil. If an external magnetic field passes through, even harmonics of the exciting frequency also occur, only the first harmonic being used for the measurement. Its amplitude is a yardstick for the strength of the magnetic field of a magnetized ferromagnetic particle acting on the magnetic probes. It is frequency screened and measured via an amplifier arrangement.
In test series with an operational throughput of titanium chips, hard metal particles of different chip-removing groups having a grain size of 0.5 mm and larger were 100t located and separated. An over 90% reliable separation was determined at the usual belt speed even in the case of hard metal particles having a grain size of 0.4 mm. By reducing the speed of the conveyor belt 18, it was possible to completely detect and separate even hard metal particles having a grain size of 0.4 mm. Further investigations have shown that in the usual conditions for the melting of titanium scrap in a vacuum arc furnace, hard metal particles having a grain size of 0.4 mm pass completely into solution, causing no inhomogeneities in the material. For this reason there is no need for any further reduction of the separating grain size.
The throughput of a preparation installation mainly depends on the nature and size of the chips to be tested, and on the number of belts running in parallel at a given belt speed.
Claims (11)
1. A method for the preparation of scrap of a non-magnetic metal or a non-magnetic metal alloy which consists at least partially of chips and contains particles of ferromagnetic cutting material originating from the cutting operation, by comminution, degreasing, washing out, drying and multiple magnetic separation, particles of ferromagnetic cutting material being separated in the penultimate magnetic separation by the cooperation of the magnetic field of force itself, while in the final magnetic separation the scrap is divided in accordance with the result of magnetic probing into usable batches of scrap and batches of scrap still containing coarse particles of ferromagnetic cutting material, characterized in that following the penultimate magnetic separation and prior to the magnetic probing of the last magnetic separation, the scrap is continuously spread out on a flat conveying support and guided with the conveying support through a magnetic field, any particles of ferromagnetic cutting material still left in the scrap being magnetized, and then the scrap passes with the conveying support through the magnetic probing, whereafter separation is performed into the usable batches of scrap and batches of scrap still containing coarse particles of ferromagnetic cutting material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the response of the system is triggered by particles of cutting material having a grain size of 0.4 mm and above.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said method is used for the preparation of chip-containing scrap of one of the following metals: hafnium, niobium and vanadium, or of a non-magnetic alloy of one of these metals.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said method is used for the preparation of chips of one of the light metals aluminum and magnesium, or of a non-magnetic alloy of these light metals.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said method is used for the preparation of chips of'one of the metals titanium and zirconium, or of a non-magnetic alloy of these metals.
6. Apparatus for carrying out the above method according to claim 1, having systems for the comminution, degreasing, washing out and drying of the scrap and a number of systems for the magnetic separation of the dried scrap, the particles of ferromagnetic cutting material being separated in the penultimate magnetic separator by the cooperation of the magnetic field of force itself, while the last system for magnetic separation comprises a magnetic testing system, on the result of whose testing an apparatus depends for the separation of batches of scrap containing coarse particles of cutting material, wherein arranged between the penultimate magnetic separator and the magnetic testing system is an arrangement of magnets in whose magnetic field the conveyor belt is located which conveys the scrap through the magnetic field of the arrangement of magnets and the testing system.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the arrangement of magnets consists of a permanent magnet (31) arranged above the conveyor belt and a permanent magnet (32) arranged below the conveyor belt.
8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the testing system has an inner space which is screened by a casing against external magnetic fields and which contains at least one magnetic probe located above the conveyor belt.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the magnetic probe is connected via a transmitter cable to a control apparatus which is connected via a pulse transmitter cable to a pulse counting mechanism for determining the conveying speed of the conveyor belt and from which a control cable extends to the adjusting device of a grading shunt.
10. A method for the preparation of scrap of a non-magnetic metal or a non-magnetic metal alloy, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
11. Apparatus for carrying out the method of claim 10, substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in Figs 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3819482 | 1988-06-08 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8912155D0 GB8912155D0 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
| GB2219526A true GB2219526A (en) | 1989-12-13 |
| GB2219526B GB2219526B (en) | 1992-07-15 |
Family
ID=6356112
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8912155A Expired - Fee Related GB2219526B (en) | 1988-06-08 | 1989-05-26 | Method and apparatus for the preparation of scrap |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2632543A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2219526B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0463442A1 (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1992-01-02 | FILTERWERK MANN & HUMMEL GMBH | Process and device for preparing wastes from machining by removal of ferromagnetic materials |
| EP0547353A2 (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1993-06-23 | FILTERWERK MANN & HUMMEL GMBH | Method and apparatus for treating wastes from metallworking of ferromagnetic materials |
| CN102899495A (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-30 | 陕西凤翔钛粉钛材有限公司 | Recovery treatment production line for titanium and titanium alloy crumb-like waste material |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117427949B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-03-05 | 陕西天成航空材料股份有限公司 | Titanium bits belt cleaning device |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB873036A (en) * | 1958-07-15 | 1961-07-19 | Basse Sambre Atel Const | Improvements in or relating to processes for recovering useful products from gas dusts |
| GB1034244A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1966-06-29 | North British Rubber Co Ltd | A process for the separation of metal from rubber |
| US3502271A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1970-03-24 | Univ Minnesota | Iron ore treating process |
| US3642464A (en) * | 1968-12-09 | 1972-02-15 | Univ Minnesota | Tin ore treating process |
| GB1461707A (en) * | 1973-07-25 | 1977-01-19 | Mansfeld Kombinat W Pieck Veb | Method for the treatment of iron-loaded scrap |
| GB2090166A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-07-07 | Suisman & Blumenthal Inc | Process and apparatus for treating titanium machining scrap |
| US4382856A (en) * | 1978-06-19 | 1983-05-10 | Geological Research Corporation | Recovery of tin |
-
1989
- 1989-05-26 GB GB8912155A patent/GB2219526B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-31 FR FR8907175A patent/FR2632543A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB873036A (en) * | 1958-07-15 | 1961-07-19 | Basse Sambre Atel Const | Improvements in or relating to processes for recovering useful products from gas dusts |
| GB1034244A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1966-06-29 | North British Rubber Co Ltd | A process for the separation of metal from rubber |
| US3502271A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1970-03-24 | Univ Minnesota | Iron ore treating process |
| US3642464A (en) * | 1968-12-09 | 1972-02-15 | Univ Minnesota | Tin ore treating process |
| GB1461707A (en) * | 1973-07-25 | 1977-01-19 | Mansfeld Kombinat W Pieck Veb | Method for the treatment of iron-loaded scrap |
| US4382856A (en) * | 1978-06-19 | 1983-05-10 | Geological Research Corporation | Recovery of tin |
| GB2090166A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-07-07 | Suisman & Blumenthal Inc | Process and apparatus for treating titanium machining scrap |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0463442A1 (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1992-01-02 | FILTERWERK MANN & HUMMEL GMBH | Process and device for preparing wastes from machining by removal of ferromagnetic materials |
| DE4020229A1 (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1992-01-02 | Mann & Hummel Filter | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING RESIDUES FROM THE CHIP-REMOVING PROCESSING OF FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS |
| US5147554A (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1992-09-15 | Filterwerk Mann & Hummel Gmbh | Process for treating wastes from the machining of ferromagnetic materials |
| EP0547353A2 (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1993-06-23 | FILTERWERK MANN & HUMMEL GMBH | Method and apparatus for treating wastes from metallworking of ferromagnetic materials |
| EP0547353A3 (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1994-02-02 | Mann & Hummel Filter | |
| CN102899495A (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-30 | 陕西凤翔钛粉钛材有限公司 | Recovery treatment production line for titanium and titanium alloy crumb-like waste material |
| CN102899495B (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2014-04-30 | 陕西凤翔钛粉钛材有限公司 | Recovery treatment production line for titanium and titanium alloy crumb-like waste material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8912155D0 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
| FR2632543A1 (en) | 1989-12-15 |
| GB2219526B (en) | 1992-07-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930526 |