GB2217316A - Process for preserving waste, subsoils and the like - Google Patents
Process for preserving waste, subsoils and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2217316A GB2217316A GB8908126A GB8908126A GB2217316A GB 2217316 A GB2217316 A GB 2217316A GB 8908126 A GB8908126 A GB 8908126A GB 8908126 A GB8908126 A GB 8908126A GB 2217316 A GB2217316 A GB 2217316A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- amount
- sludge
- mixture
- subsoils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000566 intoxication Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000035987 intoxication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000701 toxic element Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Process for preserving waste, subsoils and the like, is characterized in that it consists in mixing an organic and/or inorganic hardener consisting of components containing more than 12 carbon atoms with fly ash and cement, allowing said mixture to stand for at least 24 hours, and adding said mixture to waste sludge that contains an amount of calcium compound. The waste may be sludge, moistened household refuse, cement slurry or aqueous residue of a water purification plant. Specified hardeners include calcium silicate, sodium silicate, bentonite clay and mont morillonite.
Description
Process for preserving waste, subsoils and the like
This invention relates to a process for preserving waste, especially originally aqueous waste, such as waste sludge, occasionally divided waste, e.g. household refuse that has been moistened, waste of water purification plants, etc.
This invention also relates to such a process for stabilising subsoils, making them impervious to water and restructuring them, e.g. in the construction of undergrounds, tunnels, foundations of buildings, engineering works, quay-walls and the like.
Generally, preserving waste sludge is an ecologically harmful process. So, in the case of a compact and durable mixture of waste sludge, sodium silicate or potassium silicate and cement, the contact with water will give rise to the liberation of substances that are extremely dangerous for the flora. In addition to a possible attack of the flora there is also an enormously great probability that both the soil and the soil-water get polluted. If organic and/or inorganic hardeners are used, then dehydration will take place at a certain level by the presence of heavy metals such as zinc, iron, cadmium, chromium and the like, as a result of the lack of hydrogen-binding carbon atoms, resulting in a very great risk of intoxication.
The invention relates to a process for preserving waste that excludes the above-named disadvantages and whose purpose it is to make a durable whole from - originally aqueous waste matter such as waste sludge, cement slurry, aqueous residues of water ~ purification plants, and the like, by adding chemicals. This purpose for increasing the lastingness of waste sludge and like materials and for thus obtaining ecologically sound products that in no way impair the flora, is described below in its most preferred embodiment. At the same time it is obtained that the possibilities of occasionally further processing those products increase.
First of all, hardeners, either of organic and/or inorganic nature, will be mixed with fine grainy fly ash, to which is then admixed a certain amount of cement. This mixture is then allowed to stand for 24 hours, whereupon the whole is added to the sludge at a temperature between 7 and 65 C.
The fly ash, e.g. in the form of powdered coal, consists mainly of carbon compounds and thus is liable for binding the hydrogen particles.
The hardeners belong to one of the several silicate groups such as, e.g., calcium silicate and sodium silicate, and take care of binding all solid matter of the sludge upon precipitation
In a special embodiment, bentonite clay or sodium montmorillonite is used.
From the foregoing we can deduce quite a number of advantages with which the process of the present invention will distinguish itself from any other method regarding waste treatment.
All toxic elements and water-soluble components of waste sludge are bound or encapsulated as such, so that the risk of being leached out is excluded, even upon making contact with water.
Another advantage is the impossibility for the resulting waste product of being dehydrated, so that the latter can be dumped in the soil as well as in the sea without the uncertainty of an occasional risk of intoxication.
The product thus obtained can be used without any risk as a covering material on dumping-grounds, as an aggregate, e.g.
in road construction, etc.
The invention is not limited to the process described above, but can be applied in any modified form without departing from the scope of the claims.
Indeed, the metal silicate and the hardener are usually mixed in a ratio of 10:1, but this ratio can be modified depending on the kind of application. The quantities of metal silicates to be added mostly amount to 2 to 30 % of the mass to be treated according to the nature and the properties of the waste sludge or the like.
It is also clear that the substances to be added according to the invention, either a calcium compound as defined above or an alkali metal silicate or organic hardener, can be used in amounts that may vary between widely diverging limits. The important thing is to apply quantities and ratios that result in a lasting and compact waste product. By carrying out few simple comparative experiments the technician skilled in the art can elaborate an optimal result. The quantity of calcium salts to be added will mostly vary between 0 and ton n based on the mass of the material to be treated. Said quantity does not bear a fixed proportion to the other additives and can only be determined by experiments.
Finally, it is clear that the waste product in its original form need not necessarily be a waste sludge or the like. Said waste product may be household refuse or any solid matter that has to be crushed first and optionally be moistened, whereafter, e.g., it can be mixed with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate. The original waste product, that might be toxic, can then further be encapsulated according to the process of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Process for preserving waste, subsoils and the like, characterized thereby that it consists in mixing an organic and/or inorganic hardener consisting of components containing more than 12 carbon atoms with fly ash and cement, allowing said mixture to stand for at least 24 hours, and adding said mixture to wast sludge that contains an amount of calcium compound
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized thereby that the amount of hardener is comprised between 1.5 n and 8 7., the amount of fly ash is comprised between 35 % and 95 %, and the amount of cement is comprised between 10 7e and 20 %, based on the weight of product to be treated.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized thereby that the amount of said mixture is comprised between 50 % and 75 %, whereas the amount of waste sludge containing a calcium compound is comprised between 65 7. and 85 %.
4. Process for preserving waste, substantially as described hereinbefore.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE8800411A BE1001565A3 (en) | 1988-04-13 | 1988-04-13 | PROCESS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF WASTE, FOUNDATION LANDS AND THE LIKE. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8908126D0 GB8908126D0 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
| GB2217316A true GB2217316A (en) | 1989-10-25 |
| GB2217316B GB2217316B (en) | 1992-10-28 |
Family
ID=3883357
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8908126A Expired - Fee Related GB2217316B (en) | 1988-04-13 | 1989-04-11 | Process for preserving waste,subsoils and the like |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE1001565A3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2217316B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2656863A1 (en) * | 1990-01-05 | 1991-07-12 | Soletanche | Hydraulic mix containing active carbon for the preparation of a grout or of a concrete |
| EP0547716A1 (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1993-06-23 | PELT & HOOYKAAS B.V. | Method for fixing waste material |
| DE4213119C1 (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1993-12-16 | Hoelter Heinz | Construction material derived from sludge - is mixed with ferrous-manganese sludge and ashes contg. residue from potash and salt mining as mine support piles |
| US7288148B2 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2007-10-30 | Cemex, Inc. | Rapid hardening hydraulic cement from subbituminous fly ash and products thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106698578A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-24 | 长沙秋点兵信息科技有限公司 | Clothing printing and dyeing sewage treatment agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN106745448A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 长沙秋点兵信息科技有限公司 | Special treating agent for high-oil-content printing and dyeing sewage and preparation method thereof |
| CN109384360B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2022-03-22 | 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 | Bentonite-water glass material and use method thereof in sludge solidification |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1041209A (en) * | 1964-04-15 | 1966-09-01 | Stanislaw Bastian | A cement composition and process for preparing it |
| US4028130A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1977-06-07 | Iu Conversion Systems, Inc. | Disposal method and use of sewage sludge |
| GB1485625A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1977-09-14 | Chappell C | Conversion of liquid hazardous wastes to solid form |
| GB1500668A (en) * | 1975-08-06 | 1978-02-08 | Pec Engineering | Process for solidifying wastes |
| GB2016438A (en) * | 1977-10-19 | 1979-09-26 | Leigh Interest Ltd | Treatment of hazardous waste |
| EP0157749A2 (en) * | 1984-03-30 | 1985-10-09 | Cementa Ab | A fill, covering material and embedding material incorporating a hydraulic and a latent-hydraulic binder |
| US4615809A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1986-10-07 | Velsicol Chemical Corporation | Method for stabilization of sludge |
| AU7427187A (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1987-12-17 | O'okiep Copper Company Limited | Method of making cementitious compositions from waste products |
| US4715896A (en) * | 1986-08-04 | 1987-12-29 | Standard Slag Cement | Cementitious binder for consolidated fill |
| EP0120097B1 (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1988-10-26 | LEONHARD WEISS GmbH & Co. | Process for the solidification of sludges |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB132356A (en) * | ||||
| US4116705A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1978-09-26 | Stablex Ag | Detoxification |
| US4043830A (en) * | 1975-10-02 | 1977-08-23 | Kyokado Engineering Co., Ltd. | Method of consolidating poor quality soils |
| FR2545387B1 (en) * | 1983-05-03 | 1987-01-09 | Philippe Pichat | PROCESS FOR THE SOLIDIFICATION OF LIQUID WASTE OF HIGH ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY |
| BE899598A (en) * | 1984-05-07 | 1984-08-31 | Arklow S A | Neutralisation and solidification of industrial waste - by mixing in acidic medium with silicate(s), neutralising the silicic acid formed and solidifying with e.g. portland cement |
-
1988
- 1988-04-13 BE BE8800411A patent/BE1001565A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-04-11 GB GB8908126A patent/GB2217316B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1041209A (en) * | 1964-04-15 | 1966-09-01 | Stanislaw Bastian | A cement composition and process for preparing it |
| GB1485625A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1977-09-14 | Chappell C | Conversion of liquid hazardous wastes to solid form |
| US4028130A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1977-06-07 | Iu Conversion Systems, Inc. | Disposal method and use of sewage sludge |
| GB1500668A (en) * | 1975-08-06 | 1978-02-08 | Pec Engineering | Process for solidifying wastes |
| GB2016438A (en) * | 1977-10-19 | 1979-09-26 | Leigh Interest Ltd | Treatment of hazardous waste |
| EP0120097B1 (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1988-10-26 | LEONHARD WEISS GmbH & Co. | Process for the solidification of sludges |
| US4615809A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1986-10-07 | Velsicol Chemical Corporation | Method for stabilization of sludge |
| EP0157749A2 (en) * | 1984-03-30 | 1985-10-09 | Cementa Ab | A fill, covering material and embedding material incorporating a hydraulic and a latent-hydraulic binder |
| AU7427187A (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1987-12-17 | O'okiep Copper Company Limited | Method of making cementitious compositions from waste products |
| US4756761A (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1988-07-12 | O'okiep Copper Company Ltd. | Methods of making cementitious compositions from waste products |
| US4715896A (en) * | 1986-08-04 | 1987-12-29 | Standard Slag Cement | Cementitious binder for consolidated fill |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2656863A1 (en) * | 1990-01-05 | 1991-07-12 | Soletanche | Hydraulic mix containing active carbon for the preparation of a grout or of a concrete |
| EP0547716A1 (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1993-06-23 | PELT & HOOYKAAS B.V. | Method for fixing waste material |
| US5372729A (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1994-12-13 | Pelt & Hooykaas B.V. | Method for fixing waste material |
| DE4213119C1 (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1993-12-16 | Hoelter Heinz | Construction material derived from sludge - is mixed with ferrous-manganese sludge and ashes contg. residue from potash and salt mining as mine support piles |
| US7288148B2 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2007-10-30 | Cemex, Inc. | Rapid hardening hydraulic cement from subbituminous fly ash and products thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2217316B (en) | 1992-10-28 |
| BE1001565A3 (en) | 1989-12-05 |
| GB8908126D0 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19940411 |