GB2215118A - Method of forming an article including a ceramic superconductor - Google Patents
Method of forming an article including a ceramic superconductor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2215118A GB2215118A GB8804173A GB8804173A GB2215118A GB 2215118 A GB2215118 A GB 2215118A GB 8804173 A GB8804173 A GB 8804173A GB 8804173 A GB8804173 A GB 8804173A GB 2215118 A GB2215118 A GB 2215118A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- superconductor
- article
- layer
- ceramic
- good electrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021521 yttrium barium copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
- H10N60/203—Permanent superconducting devices comprising high-Tc ceramic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
- H10N60/0801—Manufacture or treatment of filaments or composite wires
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
Abstract
A method of forming a surface layer of a ceramic superconductor, of the perovskite type, comprises providing a body of an alloy of a non-oxidising, electrical conductor, such as gold, together with appropriate amounts of the metallic elemental constituents of the superconductor, e.g. Y, Ba and Cu, heating to cause the metallic elements to diffuse to the body surface and during diffusion oxidising the surface. The oxides formed during oxidation become mixed at the surface to form the superconductor layer on the remaining part of the body, which supports the superconductor layer, and prevents relatively hot regions occurring within the superconductor when the superconductor is magnetised excessively. The body may be a refractory wire e.g., Mo or hollow tube coated internally and externally with ceramic superconductor. Coolant may flow through the tube.
Description
METHOD OF FORMING AN ARTICLE INCLUDING A CERAMIC
SUPERCONDUCTOR, AND AN ARTICLE FORMED THEREBY
THIS INVENTION relates to a method of forming an article including a superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type, and to an article formed thereby.
Recently, superconductors, each comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type, and having a relatively high Critical
Temperature, have been discovered. Some such superconductors are each formed by obtaining appropriate, at least near, stoichiometric ratios of yttrium oxide, barium oxide and copper oxide, and subsequently firing the mixture to provide a compound having the formula YBa2Cu3O7#8. The higher the Critical
Temperature of a superconductor, potentially, the more commercially useful it is. Lanthanum, strontium, and niobium may replace in whole, or in part, the elements yttrium, barium, and copper.
Further, a superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type is commercially useful if it is capable of being formed readily into articles of desired shapes.
It is usual for an article of such a ceramic superconductor to be coated with a layer of a nonsuperconducting, but good electrical conductor, to prevent relatively hot regions occurring within the superconductor when the superconductor is excessively magnetised.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel and advantageous method of forming an article having a layer of a superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type; supported on a non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor.
According to the present invention a method of forming an article including a surface layer of a superconductor, the superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type, comprises providing a body, at least a surface portion of the body, initially being of an alloy of a substantially non-oxidising, non-superconducting, but good electrical, conductor, together with appropriate amounts of the metallic elemental constituents of the required superconductor, heating to cause the metallic elements of the superconductor to diffuse to the surface of the body portion, whilst subjecting the surface to a suitable oxidising process step, and firing appropriate, at least near, stoichiometric ratios of the metallic oxides so produced, to cause the formation of the layer of the ceramic superconductor on the remaining part of the body portion.
Any such article, when at a temperature below the
Critical Temperature of the ceramic superconductor, has superconducting properties.
Because the body portion is of a non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor, and supports the superconductor, the body portion is also arranged to prevent relatively hot regions occurring within the superconductor when the superconductor is magnetised excessively.
The ceramic superconductor may be formed by firing appropriate stoichiometric, or near stoichometric, ratios of yttrium oxide, barium oxide, and copper oxide, possibly the elements lanthanum, strontium and niobium replacing in whole, or in part; the elements yttrium, barium, and copper.
The substantially non-oxidising, non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor may be gold, or palladium, or platinum, or silver; or an alloy of any combination of these metals, for example, an alloy of 80% by weight of gold, and 20% by weight of palladium. It is required that the metallic elemental constituents of the superconductor alloy with the conductor material. A small proportion of rhodium, and/or iridium, may be included in the conductor material.
The metallic elemental constituents of the superconductor, during the diffusion step, tend to move to the surface of the body portion, where they are oxidised. The oxidising process step occurs during the diffusion step. By firing, the oxides of these metals are mixed, at the surface of the body portion, in the appropriate relative concentrations to form the superconductor, and the required superconductor layer is formed on the remaining part of the body portion.
The initial concentrations of the metallic elements in the body portion may be such that the whole of the metallic elements form the superconductor. Alternatively, the different diffusion rates of the metallic elements in the body portion may be taken into account when determining the initial concentrations of the metallic elements in the body portion.
Thus, it may be that not all of, at least, one of the metallic elements of the ceramic superconductor has to be diffused to the surface of the body portion in order that the superconductor can be formed. Further, the initial concentrations of the metallic elements in the body portion may be such that a superconductor layer of a required thickness is provided as a result of the body portion being subjected to the process in accordance with the present invention.
According to another aspect; the present invention comprises an article including a layer of a superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type on a non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor, and formed by a method as referred to above.
In such an article the whole of the body supporting the superconductor layer may be of the non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor material. Alternatively, the conductor material comprises only a surface portion, or portions, of the body, and is supported by another portion of the body, of a stronger material than the conductor material, for example, the stronger material being a refractory metal, such as molybdenum.
Conveniently, the body on which the superconductor layer is provided, comprises a wire.
Alternatively, the body of the article, at least before the article is completed, may have a hollow form, with a hollow part, or parts, not being wholly enclosed, the body being provided with exposed internal and external surfaces. Both the internal and external surfaces of the body may be provided by the conductor material; and a layer of the ceramic superconductor may be provided on both the internal and external surfaces of the body. For example, the body may be tubular in form. The hollow body may be arranged such that a suitable coolant can be passed therethrough, so that the temperature of the article can be lowered to a value below the Critical
Temperature of the superconductor. Alternatively, the hollow body may be supported internally by a material stronger than that of the body, and not considered to be part of the body.
The present invention will now be described by way of illustration with reference to the following Example:
EXAMPLE
An elongated article, having a surface layer of a superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type, with the metallic elements yttrium; barium and copper, together with oxygen, supported on a substantially non-oxidising, nonsuperconducting, but good electrical conductor, of gold, is formed by providing initially a gold alloy comprising:
gold 92.877% by weight
yttrium 2.465% by weight
barium 2.749% by weight
copper 1.909% by weight
In order to minimise segregation of the constituents of the alloy upon solidification, the molten alloy is cooled rapidly, by being sprayed onto the surface of a cold rotating drum. Subsequently, the solidified alloy is removed from the drum.
The alloy is then formed into a body, comprising a wire; by extrusion, or drawing, or casting, in a known manner.
The wire, which conveniently is wound on a mandrel, is heated to cause the yttrium, barium, and copper to diffuse to the surface of the wire.
During the diffusion step the wire surface is subjected to a suitable oxidising process step. The three metallic elements become oxidised when at the wire surface. A suitable oxidising process step comprises heating the wire at a temperature of 9500C in an atmosphere of flowing oxygen.
Subsequently, the metallic oxides are fired, and the ceramic superconductor is formed from appropriate stoichiometric, or near stoichiometric, ratios of yttrium oxide, barium oxide, and copper oxide, to provide a compound having the formula Tha2Cu3 7-8 Thus, the required layer of the ceramic superconductor is formed on the remaining part of the wire, providing the desired article.
It is arranged that the initial concentrations of the metallic elements in the gold are such that the whole of the metallic elements provide the appropriate relative concentrations of the oxides of the metallic elements at the surface of the wire, to form the superconductor. Further, the initial concentrations of the metallic elements in the wire are such that a superconductor layer of a required thickness is provided.
Such an elongated article, when at a temperature below the Critical Temperature of the ceramic superconductor, has superconducting properties.
In the completed article, the gold, which is now substantially pure, being unaffected by the oxidising process step, and being substantially without the three metallic elements of the superconductor, comprises a support for the superconductor layer. In addition, the gold comprises a desired, non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor, in contact with the ceramic superconductor surface layer, to prevent relatively hot regions within the superconductor, when the superconductor is excessively magnetised.
In one particular example, a wire 612 centimetres long, and with a diameter of 0.5 millimetre, is formed from 100 grammes of the gold alloy. After the diffusion, oxidising, and firing, process steps a ceramic superconductor layer having a radial thickness of 0.16 millimetre, and a density of 5.60 grammes per cubic centimetre, is formed on the surface of the remaining part of the wire.
The ceramic superconductor, whilst being formed by firing, appropriate stoichiometric, or near stoichiometric, ratios of the oxides of the metallic elemental constituents of the superconductor, at the surface of the body, after diffusion and oxidation of the metallic elements at the body surface, may have different metallic elemental constituents, such as lanthanum, strontium and niobium, replacing, partially or wholly, the metallic elements yttrium, barium and copper.
The substantially non-oxidising, non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor, instead of being of gold, may be of palladium, or palladium; orplatinum, or silver; or an alloy of any combination of these metals, including gold, such as an alloy of 80% by weight of gold and 20% by weight of palladium. It is required that the metallic elemental constituents of the superconductor alloy with the conductor material. A small proportion of rhodium, and/or iridium, may be included in the conductor material.
It may be convenient to arrange that not all of, at least, one of the metallic elements of the ceramic superconductor has to be diffused to the wire surface in order that the superconductor can be formed, taking into account that the different metallic elements have different diffusion rates in the conductor material.
The body, and hence the article, may have any desired, and conveniently fabricated, shape.
The whole of the body supporting the superconductor layer may be of the conductor material. Alternatively, the conductor material may comprise only a surface portion, or portions, of the body and is supported on another portion of the body, of a stronger material than the conductor material. For example, conveniently, a gold surface-providing body portion is supported on a body portion of a refractory metal, such a molybdenum. Molybdenum diffuses very slowly into gold, but during the formation of the superconductor the molybdenum may diffuse to the superconductor-bearing surface, and may be oxidised. However, the volatile molybdic oxide, so formed, is readily removed during the firing step in the formation of the superconductor. Allowance may need to be made for any diffusion of the metallic elemental constituents of the superconductor into such another portion of the body.
When the body has a composite construction, or otherwise, and when the conductor material is in contact with materials other than the superconductor, it may be required that the conductor material does not become contaminated adversely.
Especial care is required when the conductor material comprises, or includes, gold, to ensure that undesirable complexes are not formed with the gold. Usually, it is necessary to provide a suitable barrier layer between the gold and materials likely so to contaminate it adversely.
The body of the article, at least before the article is completed, may have a hollow form, with a hollow part, or parts, not being wholly enclosed, the body being provided with exposed internal and external surfaces. Thus, the body, for example, may be tubular in form. If the Critical Temperature of the superconductor is below ambient temperature, the temperature of the superconductor layer of a hollow article may be lowered to a desired value, at which superconducting properties are exhibited, by passing a suitable, coolant through the tubular body.
Alternatively, the hollow body may be supported internally, by providing a material stronger than that of the body, and not considered to be part of the body. Such a support may be provided after the superconductor layer, or layers, have been formed.
Irrespective of whether the hollow body supporting the superconductor layer is tubular in form, or not, the conductor material may provide both the internal and external surfaces of the body; although the superconductor layer may be formed on only one surface.
Claims (18)
1. A method of forming an article including a surface layer of a superconductor, the superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type, comprises providing a body, at least a surface portion of the body initially being of an alloy of a substantially non-oxidising, non-superconducting, but good electrical, conductor, together with appropriate amounts of the metallic elemental constituents of the required superconductor, heating to cause the metallic elements of the superconductor to diffuse to the surface of the body portion, whilst subjecting the surface to a suitable oxidising process step, and firing appropriate, at least near, stoichiometric ratios of the metallic oxides so produced, to cause the formation of the layer of the ceramic superconductor on the remaining part of the body portion.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, in which the ceramic superconductor is formed by firing appropriate stoichiometric, or near stoichiometric, ratios of yttrium oxide, barium oxide, and copper oxide.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, or claim 2, in which the substantially non-oxidising, non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor is gold, or palladium, or platinum, or silver; or an alloy of any combination of these metals.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, in which the conductor material is an alloy of 80% by weight of gold, and 20% by weight of palladium.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the unoxidised metallic elements are mixed in the appropriate relative concentrations in the body portion so that the whole of the metallic elements form the superconductor.
6. A method of forming an article, including a layer of a superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type, on a non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor, substantially as described herein with reference to the Example, and to the modifications thereof described in the specification.
7. An article including a layer of a superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type, on a nonsuperconducting, but good electrical conductor, and formed by a method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
8. An article as claimed in claim 7, in which the whole of the body supporting the superconductor layer is of the non-superconducting, but good electrical conductor material.
9. An article as claimed in claim 7, or claim 8, in which the conductor material comprises only a surface portion, or portions; of the body, and is supported by another portion of the body, of a stronger material than the conductor material.
10. An article as claimed in claim 9, in which said other portion of the body is of a refractory metal, such a molybdenum.
11. An article as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10, having the body, on which the superconductor layer is provided, comprising a wire.
12. An article as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10, in which the body, at least initially before the article is completed, has a hollow form, with a hollow part, or parts, not being wholly enclosed, the body being provided with exposed internal and external surfaces.
13. An article as claimed in claim 12, in which both the internal and external surfaces of the body are provided by the conductor material.
14. An article as claimed in claim 13, in which a layer of the ceramic superconductor is provided on both the internal and external surfaces of the hollow body.
15. An article as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 14, in which the body is tubular in form.
16. An article as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 15, in which the hollow body is such that a coolant can be passed therethrough.
17. An article as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 15, in which the hollow body is supported internally by a material stronger than that of the body.
18. An article including a layer of a superconductor comprising a ceramic of the perovskite type on a nonsuperconducting, but good electrical conductor, and formed substantially as described herein with reference to the Example, and to the modifications thereof described in the specification.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8804173A GB2215118B (en) | 1988-02-23 | 1988-02-23 | Method of forming an article including a ceramic superconductor, and an article formed thereby |
| JP1042022A JPH01258314A (en) | 1988-02-23 | 1989-02-23 | Product containing ceramic superconductor and its manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8804173A GB2215118B (en) | 1988-02-23 | 1988-02-23 | Method of forming an article including a ceramic superconductor, and an article formed thereby |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8804173D0 GB8804173D0 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| GB2215118A true GB2215118A (en) | 1989-09-13 |
| GB2215118B GB2215118B (en) | 1991-12-04 |
Family
ID=10632200
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8804173A Expired - Lifetime GB2215118B (en) | 1988-02-23 | 1988-02-23 | Method of forming an article including a ceramic superconductor, and an article formed thereby |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01258314A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2215118B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2256080A (en) * | 1991-05-20 | 1992-11-25 | Marconi Gec Ltd | Superconductive electrical conductor. |
-
1988
- 1988-02-23 GB GB8804173A patent/GB2215118B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-02-23 JP JP1042022A patent/JPH01258314A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2256080A (en) * | 1991-05-20 | 1992-11-25 | Marconi Gec Ltd | Superconductive electrical conductor. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8804173D0 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| JPH01258314A (en) | 1989-10-16 |
| GB2215118B (en) | 1991-12-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19940223 |