GB2214932A - Producing cylindrical metallic friction elements by sintering powder - Google Patents
Producing cylindrical metallic friction elements by sintering powder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2214932A GB2214932A GB8803180A GB8803180A GB2214932A GB 2214932 A GB2214932 A GB 2214932A GB 8803180 A GB8803180 A GB 8803180A GB 8803180 A GB8803180 A GB 8803180A GB 2214932 A GB2214932 A GB 2214932A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sintered
- friction
- friction element
- brake band
- generally cylindrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/18—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass brake shoes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
- F16D69/0416—Attachment of linings specially adapted for curved linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
- F16D2069/0425—Attachment methods or devices
- F16D2069/045—Bonding
- F16D2069/0458—Bonding metallurgic, e.g. welding, brazing, sintering
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
- F16D2069/0425—Attachment methods or devices
- F16D2069/0491—Tools, machines, processes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
A generally cylindrical brake band comprises a radially split, steel element to the radially inner circumferential surface of which is secured a generally cylindrical friction element. The friction element is of low density and is produced by a method comprising pouring powder friction material onto a support member, sintering the powder material in a sintering furnace on the support member and removing the sintered material from the support member, the sintered material being formed to its generally cylindrical shape either before or after the sintering operation. The powder friction material may be poured onto a planar support member and sintered thereon in the sintering furnace, the resulting planar sintered friction material subsequently being cut to size and formed to its cylindrical shape. Alternatively, the powder friction material may be poured into a cylindrical mould and sintered therein in the sintering furnace, the resulting cylindrical sintered friction material subsequently being removed from the mould.
Description
METHOD OF PRODUCING A METALLIC FRICTION ELEMENT
This invention relates to a brake band of the type which may be used in an automotive transmission of a vehicle.
Known brake bands comprise a generally cylindrical shape of friction material secured, as by an adhesive, around the radially inner circumferential surface of a radially split, generally cylindrical steel band which is radially contractable to effect a braking action on a journal rotating within the brake band The friction material used in such known brake bands has been moulded to its generally cylindrical shape from a known resin-bonded composition, often asbestos or non-asbestos based, but such material can have unacceptably high wear rates especially when used in heavy duty applications such as, for example, in the automatic transmissions of all terrain tracked vehicles
Metallic friction materials are known to provide lower wear rates than resin-bonded friction materials and have been used as planar friction elements for example in transmission clutches and in disc brakes.
Such planar metallic friction elements are known to be producible by pouring powder friction material into a die, compacting the powder in the die and then sintering the "green compact onto a backing plate in a controlled atmosphere sintering surface A final step may include a planishing operation to form, for example, lubricant conducting grooves in the friction surface The finished planar elements are subsequently securable to a clutch or brake member by adhesion between the backing plate and the said member or by rivetting, Alternatively, planar metallic friction elements may be produced by pouring powder friction material into a mould and sintering the material without pre-compaction; the sintered material then being removed from the mould, reheated and pressed in a further furnace to lightly compact the friction material and to secure it to a backing plate by means of an adhesive
It is difficult to form metallic friction materials into the generally cylindrical shape required in brake band applications and the objects of the present invention are to provide new or improved methods of producing a generally cylindrical metallic friction element and a brake band incorporating such an element as well as to provide a friction element and brake band produced by such methods
In accordance with the broadest aspect of the invention there is provided a method of forming a low density generally cylindrical metallic friction element having a circumferentially extending friction surface comprising the steps of pouring powder friction material onto a support member, sintering the powder material in a sintering furnace on said support member and removing the sintered material from the support member, the sintered material being formed to its generally cylindrical shape either before or after the sintering operation.
The powder friction material may be poured onto a planar support member and sintered thereon in the sintering furnace, the resulting planar sintered friction material subsequently being cut to size and formed to its cylindrical shape Alternatively, the powder friction material may be poured onto a support member comprising a cylindrical mould and sintered therein in the sintering furnace, the resulting cylindrical sintered friction material subsequently being removed from the mould
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of producing a complete brake band and friction element assembly comprising the method as described in any of the preceding three paragraphs and including the further step of securing the generally cylindrical friction element by adhesion to a brake band
In such method, a generally cylindrical surface of the brake band may be coated with a curable adhesive, the friction element may be clamped to the coated surface and the adhesive cured under conditions of heat and pressure to secure the friction element to said surface The friction element may be machined after it has been secured to the brake band
Also in accordance with the invention there is provided a low density generally cylindrical metallic friction element and a complete brake band and friction element assembly produced by the methods described in the respective preceding paragraphs
Other features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of two methods of producing a low density generally cylindrical metallic friction element given herein solely by way of example.
In one embodiment of the invention, the friction material is provided initially in powder form essentially as a metallic mixture but comprising both metallic and non-metallic ingredients mixed together in predetermined proportions. The metallic powders may be elemental particles or pre-alloyed particles Generally iron or copper is the major constituent element and all of the particles are mixed together for a specific time to produce a homogeneous material4
The powder friction material is then poured onto a planar support member and levelled thereon to a predetermined thickness The powder friction material on its support is then passed through a sintering furnace which may conveniently comprise a continuous belt conveyor furnace having a controlled atmosphere therein whereby the powder friction material is sintered4 After passing through the furnace, the sintered material is removed from the support member as a planar sheet which is subsequently cut to size and formed, as by rolling, to its desired generally cylindrical shape
An alternative embodiment of producing the sintered material to its desired generally cylindrical shape comprises pouring the powder friction material initially into a generally cylindrical mould which is itself then passed through the controlled atmosphere sintering furnace The resulting generally cylindrical sintered friction material is then removed from the mould
In both of the aforesaid methods the resulting sintered friction material is of low density, not having been compacted, and is of the generally cylindrical shape required for securing to a brake band 4 The brake band proper is of known configuration comprising a steel radially split, generally cylindrical band having a radially inner circumferential surface to which is to be secured the generally cylindrical friction element.
The friction element is preferably secured to the radially inner surface of the brake band proper by adhesion. The radially inner surface of the brake band proper may be coated with a curable adhesive, the generally cylindrical friction element clamped to the coating surface in a clamping fixture and the assembly then placed in an oven to cure the adhesive under predetermined conditions of heat and pressure to secure the friction element to the said surface of the brake band As a final step, the friction element may be rolled, planished or otherwised machined to final tolerances and to incorporate lubricant conducting channels in the friction surface
The invention thus provides the benefit of a sintered low density metallic friction material produced in generally cylindrical form without being subjected to pre-compaction and without being sintered onto a backing plate prior to its assembly with the brake band proper
Claims (1)
- CLAIMS 14 A method of forming a low density generally cylindrical metallic friction element having a circumferentially extending friction surface comprising the steps of pouring powder friction material onto a support member, sintering the powder material in a sintering furnace on said support member and removing the sintered material from the support member, the sintered material being formed to its generally cylindrical shape either before or after the sintering operation4 2. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the powder friction material is poured onto a planar support member and sintered thereon in the sintering furnace, the resulting planar sintered friction material subsequently being cut to size and formed to its generally cylindrical shape 3. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the powder friction material is poured onto a support member comprising a cylindrical mould and is sintered therein in the sintering furnace, the resulting cylindrical sintered friction material subsequently being removed from. the mould 4 4. A method of producing a brake band assembly comprising the method according to any one of the preceding claims and including the further step of securing the generally cylindrical sintered friction material by adhesion to a brake band to form a complete brake band and friction element assembly4 5 A method according to Claim 4 wherein a cylindrical surface of the brake band is coated with a curable adhesive, the friction element is clamped to the coated surface and the adhesive is cured under conditions of heat and pressure to secure the friction element to said surface.64 A method according to either one of Claims 4 or 5 wherein the friction element is machined after it has been secured to the brake band4 7. A method of forming a low density generally cylindrical metallic friction element substantially as hereinbefore described 84 A method of producing a brake band assembly comprising the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 or 7 and including the further step of securing the friction element by adhesion to a brake band to form a complete brake band and friction element assembly substantially as hereinbefore described4 9. A friction element produced by the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 or 7.10. A brake band and friction element assembly produced by the method according to any one of Claims 4 to 6 or 8.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8803180A GB2214932A (en) | 1988-02-11 | 1988-02-11 | Producing cylindrical metallic friction elements by sintering powder |
| PCT/GB1989/000122 WO1989007721A1 (en) | 1988-02-11 | 1989-02-09 | Method of producing a metallic friction element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8803180A GB2214932A (en) | 1988-02-11 | 1988-02-11 | Producing cylindrical metallic friction elements by sintering powder |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8803180D0 GB8803180D0 (en) | 1988-03-09 |
| GB2214932A true GB2214932A (en) | 1989-09-13 |
Family
ID=10631535
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8803180A Withdrawn GB2214932A (en) | 1988-02-11 | 1988-02-11 | Producing cylindrical metallic friction elements by sintering powder |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2214932A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1989007721A1 (en) |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB560387A (en) * | 1942-09-30 | 1944-04-03 | Francis Arthur Catt | Improvements in or relating to the production and mounting of cylindrical liners such as brake drum liners |
| GB572801A (en) * | 1942-01-24 | 1945-10-24 | Edward Alexander Seeley | Improvements in or relating to the production of shaped articles of sintered metals |
| GB619210A (en) * | 1946-11-27 | 1949-03-04 | Sk Wellman Co | Improvements in a t-shaped brake shoe and method of making the same |
| GB688721A (en) * | 1950-10-31 | 1953-03-11 | Francis Arthur Catt | Improvements in the production of cylindrical liners |
| GB807909A (en) * | 1956-07-06 | 1959-01-21 | Gen Motors Corp | Improved porous sintered metal friction element |
| GB823675A (en) * | 1956-07-30 | 1959-11-18 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Friction article and method of producing same |
| GB1149347A (en) * | 1965-07-30 | 1969-04-23 | Norton Co | Method and apparatus for producing thin plates of refractory material |
| US3719479A (en) * | 1971-02-12 | 1973-03-06 | Du Pont | Method of fabricating ring shapes by hot pressing |
| US3807913A (en) * | 1972-05-19 | 1974-04-30 | Motor Wheel Corp | Apparatus for making a brake drum ring compact |
| GB2170515A (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-06 | Pall Corp | Making sintered porous metal articles by centrifuging |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2900254A (en) * | 1954-10-13 | 1959-08-18 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Process of producing sintered metal sheets |
| FR1157030A (en) * | 1956-07-27 | 1958-05-23 | Borg Warner | Brake tape improvements |
| US3581380A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1971-06-01 | Detroit Aluminum & Brass Corp | Method for making transmission bands |
| US4406394A (en) * | 1980-11-28 | 1983-09-27 | General Motors Corporation | Method of friction band manufacture |
-
1988
- 1988-02-11 GB GB8803180A patent/GB2214932A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-02-09 WO PCT/GB1989/000122 patent/WO1989007721A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB572801A (en) * | 1942-01-24 | 1945-10-24 | Edward Alexander Seeley | Improvements in or relating to the production of shaped articles of sintered metals |
| GB560387A (en) * | 1942-09-30 | 1944-04-03 | Francis Arthur Catt | Improvements in or relating to the production and mounting of cylindrical liners such as brake drum liners |
| GB619210A (en) * | 1946-11-27 | 1949-03-04 | Sk Wellman Co | Improvements in a t-shaped brake shoe and method of making the same |
| GB688721A (en) * | 1950-10-31 | 1953-03-11 | Francis Arthur Catt | Improvements in the production of cylindrical liners |
| GB807909A (en) * | 1956-07-06 | 1959-01-21 | Gen Motors Corp | Improved porous sintered metal friction element |
| GB823675A (en) * | 1956-07-30 | 1959-11-18 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Friction article and method of producing same |
| GB1149347A (en) * | 1965-07-30 | 1969-04-23 | Norton Co | Method and apparatus for producing thin plates of refractory material |
| US3719479A (en) * | 1971-02-12 | 1973-03-06 | Du Pont | Method of fabricating ring shapes by hot pressing |
| US3807913A (en) * | 1972-05-19 | 1974-04-30 | Motor Wheel Corp | Apparatus for making a brake drum ring compact |
| GB2170515A (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-06 | Pall Corp | Making sintered porous metal articles by centrifuging |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1989007721A1 (en) | 1989-08-24 |
| GB8803180D0 (en) | 1988-03-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |