GB2201504A - Fuel cooler - Google Patents

Fuel cooler Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2201504A
GB2201504A GB08729420A GB8729420A GB2201504A GB 2201504 A GB2201504 A GB 2201504A GB 08729420 A GB08729420 A GB 08729420A GB 8729420 A GB8729420 A GB 8729420A GB 2201504 A GB2201504 A GB 2201504A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fuel cooler
cooler according
tube
fuel
jacket tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08729420A
Other versions
GB8729420D0 (en
Inventor
Dipl-Ing Heinz Richter
Dr Ing Manfred Hage
Dipl-Ing Karl Noll
Dipl-Ing Peter Kropp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Werke AG
Original Assignee
Wieland Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wieland Werke AG filed Critical Wieland Werke AG
Publication of GB8729420D0 publication Critical patent/GB8729420D0/en
Publication of GB2201504A publication Critical patent/GB2201504A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/422—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element with outside means integral with the tubular element and inside means integral with the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/20—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/028—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of at least one medium being helically coiled, the coils having a conical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0087—Fuel coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/06—Derivation channels, e.g. bypass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

A fuel cooler comprises an inner tube (1) and a jacket tube (2) arranged concentrically therewith. The inner tube (1) has helical ribs on its inner surface and helically encircling outer ribs (1'). The inlet orifice (4) and outlet orifice (6) for the fuel are arranged at opposite ends of the cooler. A coolant flows axially through the inner tube (1), whilst the fuel is conveyed, via the inlet orifice (4) and the outlet orifice (6), through the annular space (3) between the inner tube (1) and jacket tube (2). <IMAGE>

Description

FUEL COOLER This invention relates to a fuel cooler, particularly although not exclusively, to a petrol fuel cooler.
Such fuel coolers are mainly used in injection engines, in which cooling is intended to prevent the adverse formation of bubbles in the fuel. In the fuel cooler, the excess heat is transmitted to the gaseous refrigerant of the air-conditioning system, as a result of which the refrigerant is further heated.
In a known fuel cooler., for example according to German Patent Specification 3,117,661, comprising an inner tube and a circumferentially encompassing jacket tube, a so-called turbulence plate has to be inserted separately into the annular space between the inner tube and the jacket tube. The provision of such a plate involves a high cost outlay and is time-consuming.
The object of this invention is to provide a simplified fuel cooler in which a way that, whilst the turbulence effects are at least the same as the above prior art, there is no need for the separate insertion of a turbulence generator.
According to this invention there is provided fuel cooler comprising an inner tube and an outer jacket tube, both said tubes being rectilinear along a common longitudinal axis and concentric with one another, said inner tube being internally ribbed for ensuring turbulent flow of coolant therethrough and externally provided with helically circumferentially surrounding fins, there being an annular space between the radially outer ends of said fins and the inner surface of said outer jacket tube, said annular space being closed at opposing ends thereof, and an inlet port and an outlet port at opposing ends of the outer jacket tube for passage of fuel, whereby fuel is admitted to the annular space through the inlet port, cooled by coolant flowing axially through the inner tube and withdrawn from the outlet port.
Preferably there is at least one internal rib which is helically formed and has the same pitch angle as the outer fins. Alternatively there is at least one internal rib which is helically formed and has a pitch angle which is different from the pitch angle of the outer fin.
Preferably the fin height h of the outer fins is in the range 0.3 to 2.0mm.
In one embodiment the internal rib is interrupted in the direction of the helix. Preferably the depth w of the internal rib is in the range 0.03 to 0.45mm.
In the embodiment where there is provided an internal rib which is helically formed and which has a pitch angle that is different from the pitch angle of the outer fin, preferably the rib height of the internal rib is in the range 0.1 to 0.8mm.
Advantageously the inlet port and outlet port are arranged in the circumference of the jacket tube.
In one embodiment at least one connection member is arranged at a distance from the inlet port and the outlet port respectively and is conductively connected to the latter.
In another embodiment advantageously the connection member for the outlet port is adjacent to the connection member for the inlet port, the outlet port connection member being connected to the outlet port by a pipe-line extending along the jacket tube. In such another embodiment conveniently a second annular space closed at opposing ends thereof is provided between the jacket tube and a concentric outer tube, the outlet port being formed by holes distributed over the circumference of the jacket tube, and a connection member for the second annular space is provided adjacent to the connection member for the inlet port.
Advantageously the the connection member for the inlet port passes through the second annular space and is sealed therefrom.
In one embodiment the outer tube is shorter than the inner tube and jacket tube, and the connection member for the inlet orifice is arranged directly on the jacket tube.
Conveniently the connection members are circumferentially offset from one another.
The invention will now be described with reference to the following exemplary embodiments. In the drawings: Figures 1-4 each show a longitudinal cross-section through a side view of different embodiments of a full cooler in accordance with the invention, Figure 5 shows a cross-section along the line A-A in Figure 3, and Figure 6 explains the notation used for the ribbed tube.
The fuel cooler shown in Figure 1 has an inner tube 1 and a smooth jacket tube 2, both tubes being rectilinear along a common longitudinal axis and being concentric. The inner tube 1 is designed as a ribbed tube with helically encircling outer fins or ribs 1' and also has a helical inner rib or corrugation. The outer ribs 1' and the inner corrugation extend circumferentially round the inner tube at the same pitch angle (not shown in detail).
An annular space 3 is formed between the tubes 1, 2 which is closed at its end faces. The jacket tube 2 has an inlet orifice 4 with an associated connection piece 5 and an outlet orifice 6 with an associated connection piece 7. The orifices 4 and 6 are arranged in opposing end regions of the cooler. The tube 2 has opposing end terminals 11 for connection to other pipes (not shown).
When the cooler is in operation, the fuel to be cooled, especially petrol, flows through the annular space 3 from the inlet orifice 4 to the outlet orifice 6. Coolant is circulated in the inner tube 1 in parallel flow or in counter flow. The ribbed tube 1 having an inner corrugation, whilst being simple to handle in mechanical tems, ensures good turbulence formation and therefore good heat transmission both in the coolant and in the fuel.
The embodiments of the fuel cooler shown in Figures 2 and 5 are suitable for when the connection pieces 5, 7 are to be arranged close to one another. Consequently, in order to return the fuel, as shown in Figure 2, the connection piece 7 is connected to the outlet orifice 6 by a pipeline 8 extending along the jacket tube 2. In figures 3 and 4, for returning the fuel, an additional annular space 9 closed at its end faces is provided between the jacket tube 2 and an outer tube 10. Here, the outlet orifice for the fuel in the jacket tube 2 is formed by several holes 6' provided in the circumference of the jacket tube 2. In Figure 3, the connection piece 5 for the inlet orifice 4 passes through the second annular space 9 and is sealed therefrom. To avoid such a passage, in the Figure 4 embodiment, the outer tube 10 is shorter than the inner tube 1 and the jacket tube 2, so that the connection piece 5 can be soldered directly to the jacket tube 2.
In Figures 1 to 3, terminals 11 are pushed onto the inner tube 1, whilst in the alternative version of Figure 4 they are inserted into the jacket tube 2 and soldered to the widened end of the inner tube 1.
Figure 5 shows, in particular, the circumferential offset arrangement of the connection pieces 5, 7.
Referring now to Figure 6, a fuel cooler as shown in the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5 was produced from tubes having the following dimensions:
Table: Length Outside Diameter Wall (mm) (mm) Thickness (mm) Inner tube 147 (ribbed tube) (total length non-ribbed end d1 = 16 SI = 1 ribbed part 132 d5 = 13 s2 = 0.8 (core wall thickness) Jacket tube 164 - 18 1 Outer tube 124 28.4 1.'2 Ribbed tube: rib height h of the outer ribs: 0.7mm; rib spacing m (rib centre distance): 2.2mm; corrugation depth w of the inner corrugation: 0.3 - 0.4mm; Diame-ter of the inlet orifice: 8mm; Diameter of the four outlet orifices: 6mm.
When the petrol cooler described was used with R 12 as coolant, good results were achieved.

Claims (15)

CLAIMS:
1. Fuel cooler comprising an inner tube and an outer jacket tube, both said tubes being rectilinear along a common longitudinal axis and concentric with one another, said inner tube being internally ribbed for ensuring turbulent flow of coolant therethrough and externally provided with helically circumferentially surrounding fins, there being an annular space between the radially outer ends of said fins and the inner surface of said outer jacket tube, said annular space being closed at opposing ends thereof, and an inlet port and an outlet port at opposing ends of the outer jacket tube for passage of fuel, whereby fuel is admitted to the annular space through the inlet port, cooled by coolant flowing axially through the inner tube and withdrawn from the outlet port.
2. Fuel cooler according to claim 1 wherein there is at least one internal rib which is helically formed and has the same pitch angle as the outer fins.
3. Fuel cooler according to claim 1 wherein there is at least one internal rib which is helically formed and has a pitch angle which is different from the pitch angle of the outer fin.
4. Fuel cooler according to any preceding claim wherein the fin height h of the outer fins is in the range 0.3 to 2.0mm.
5. Fuel cooler according to any preceding claim wherein the internal rib is interrupted in the direction of the helix.
6. Fuel cooler according to any preceding claim wherein the depth w of the internal rib is in the range 0.03 to 0.45mm.
7. Fuel cooler according to claim 3, wherein the rib height of the internal rib is in the range 0.1 to 0.8mm.
8. Fuel cooler according to any preceding claim wherein the inlet port and outlet port are arranged in the circumference of the jacket tube.
9. Fuel cooler according to any preceding claim wherein at least one connection member is arranged at a distance from the inlet port and the outlet port respectively and is conductively connected to the latter.
10. Fuel cooler according to claim 9 wherein the connection member for the outlet port is adjacent to the connection member for the inlet port, the outlet port connection member being connected to the outlet port by a pipe-line extending along the jacket tube.
11. Fuel cooler according to claim 9 wherein a second annular space closed at opposing ends thereof is provided between the jacket tube and a concentric outer tube, the outlet port being formed by holes distributed over the circumference of the jacket tube, and a connection member for the second annular space is provided adjacent to the connection member for the inlet port.
12. Fuel cooler according to claim 11 wherein the connection member for the inlet port passes through the second annular space and is sealed therefrom.
13. Fuel cooler according to claim 11 wherein the outer tube is shorter than the inner tube and jacket tube, and the connection member for the inlet orifice is arranged directly on the jacket tube.
14. Fuel cooler according to any of claims 9 to 13 wherein the connection members are circumferentially offset from one another.
15. Fuel cooler substantially as herein described with reference to, and as shown in, Figure 1 or 2 or 3, 5 or 4 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
GB08729420A 1986-12-20 1987-12-17 Fuel cooler Withdrawn GB2201504A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863643782 DE3643782A1 (en) 1986-12-20 1986-12-20 FUEL COOLER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8729420D0 GB8729420D0 (en) 1988-02-03
GB2201504A true GB2201504A (en) 1988-09-01

Family

ID=6316790

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08729420A Withdrawn GB2201504A (en) 1986-12-20 1987-12-17 Fuel cooler

Country Status (4)

Country Link
DE (1) DE3643782A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2608683B3 (en)
GB (1) GB2201504A (en)
IT (2) IT8768096A0 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2228563A (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-08-29 Michael John Nunnerley Heat exchange system
US6019168A (en) * 1994-09-02 2000-02-01 Sustainable Engine Systems Limited Heat exchangers
NL1009903C2 (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-02-22 Dsm Nv Tubular reactor, method and apparatus for high pressure polymerization.
WO2003016704A1 (en) * 2001-08-13 2003-02-27 Norsk Hydro Asa A method of cooling fuel and a device for implementing the method
EP2591851A1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-15 Alfa Laval Corporate AB A tube module
RU2574761C2 (en) * 2011-11-08 2016-02-10 Альфа Лаваль Корпорейт Аб Tubular module
CN106369272A (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-02-01 江苏中圣压力容器装备制造有限公司 Efficient heat exchange tube for LNG vaporizer and open rack vaporizer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19611288A1 (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-25 Dolmar Gmbh Fuel cooling in injection systems of internal combustion engines that have a small amount of fuel

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB477239A (en) * 1936-02-15 1937-12-24 Todd Comb Equipment Inc Improvements in tubular heat exchange apparatus particularly applicable to fuel oil heaters
GB799391A (en) * 1954-08-23 1958-08-06 E W Boulton And Company Ltd Improvements in and relating to the use of extended surfaces for the transfer of heat from one fluid to another
GB1174640A (en) * 1967-06-26 1969-12-17 Calumet & Hecla Corp Improvements in or relating to Metallic Heat Exchange Tubes
GB1473708A (en) * 1973-07-05 1977-05-18 Uop Inc Heat transfer tube having multiple internal ridges
GB1567687A (en) * 1978-02-22 1980-05-21 Dewandre Co Ltd C Heat exchangers
GB1591656A (en) * 1977-08-30 1981-06-24 Cooksley R D Water purification apparatus and method

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8018388U1 (en) * 1980-07-09 1980-10-02 R. & G. Schmoele Metallwerke Gmbh & Co Kg, 5750 Menden HEAT EXCHANGER
DE3133756C2 (en) * 1980-10-10 1985-04-25 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart Double pipe cooler
DE3100021C2 (en) * 1981-01-02 1984-10-31 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Fuel cooler for an internal combustion engine
DE3117661C2 (en) * 1981-05-05 1986-11-13 Hansa Metallwerke Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Heat exchanger
DE3443085A1 (en) * 1983-12-07 1985-06-13 Kühner GmbH & Cie, 7155 Oppenweiler Double-tube heat exchanger
DE8407241U1 (en) * 1984-03-09 1984-06-07 Wieland-Werke Ag, 7900 Ulm WINDED HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR HEAT PUMPS OR REFRIGERATION PLANTS
DE8432762U1 (en) * 1984-11-09 1985-02-14 R. & G. Schmöle Metallwerke GmbH & Co KG, 5750 Menden HEAT EXCHANGERS, ESPECIALLY FOR HEAT PUMPS AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB477239A (en) * 1936-02-15 1937-12-24 Todd Comb Equipment Inc Improvements in tubular heat exchange apparatus particularly applicable to fuel oil heaters
GB799391A (en) * 1954-08-23 1958-08-06 E W Boulton And Company Ltd Improvements in and relating to the use of extended surfaces for the transfer of heat from one fluid to another
GB1174640A (en) * 1967-06-26 1969-12-17 Calumet & Hecla Corp Improvements in or relating to Metallic Heat Exchange Tubes
GB1473708A (en) * 1973-07-05 1977-05-18 Uop Inc Heat transfer tube having multiple internal ridges
GB1591656A (en) * 1977-08-30 1981-06-24 Cooksley R D Water purification apparatus and method
GB1567687A (en) * 1978-02-22 1980-05-21 Dewandre Co Ltd C Heat exchangers

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2228563A (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-08-29 Michael John Nunnerley Heat exchange system
US6019168A (en) * 1994-09-02 2000-02-01 Sustainable Engine Systems Limited Heat exchangers
NL1009903C2 (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-02-22 Dsm Nv Tubular reactor, method and apparatus for high pressure polymerization.
WO2000010701A1 (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-03-02 Dsm N.V. Tubular reactor, process and installation for high-pressure polymerization
WO2003016704A1 (en) * 2001-08-13 2003-02-27 Norsk Hydro Asa A method of cooling fuel and a device for implementing the method
WO2013068290A1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-16 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab A tube module
EP2591851A1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-15 Alfa Laval Corporate AB A tube module
CN104023837A (en) * 2011-11-08 2014-09-03 阿尔法拉瓦尔股份有限公司 A tube module
AU2012334249B2 (en) * 2011-11-08 2015-09-10 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab A tube module
RU2574761C2 (en) * 2011-11-08 2016-02-10 Альфа Лаваль Корпорейт Аб Tubular module
CN104023837B (en) * 2011-11-08 2016-03-23 阿尔法拉瓦尔股份有限公司 Tube module
US9791074B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2017-10-17 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Tube module
CN106369272A (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-02-01 江苏中圣压力容器装备制造有限公司 Efficient heat exchange tube for LNG vaporizer and open rack vaporizer
CN106369272B (en) * 2016-08-26 2018-12-28 江苏中圣压力容器装备制造有限公司 Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasifier efficient heat-exchanging pipe and open-frame type gasifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3643782C2 (en) 1990-10-31
DE3643782A1 (en) 1988-07-07
FR2608683A1 (en) 1988-06-24
IT219109Z2 (en) 1992-12-10
IT8753905V0 (en) 1987-12-18
GB8729420D0 (en) 1988-02-03
FR2608683B3 (en) 1989-10-06
IT8768096A0 (en) 1987-12-18

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