GB2200351A - Process for producing filter material for water purification - Google Patents
Process for producing filter material for water purification Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2200351A GB2200351A GB08702003A GB8702003A GB2200351A GB 2200351 A GB2200351 A GB 2200351A GB 08702003 A GB08702003 A GB 08702003A GB 8702003 A GB8702003 A GB 8702003A GB 2200351 A GB2200351 A GB 2200351A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- filtering material
- granules
- filtering
- sapropel
- naturally
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
- B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A process for producing a filtering material for purification of naturally-occurring waters for the preparation of potable water comprises granulation of an aqueous suspension of "sapropel" in a fluidized bed, followed by calcination of the resulting granules at a temperature of 800-900 DEG C inclusive. "Sapropel" comprises slime-like deposits formed on the bottom of freshwater pools (lakes, ponds, swamps) from decayed vegetable and animal remnants, as well as from mineral admixes of a drift character. It is an aluminosilicate material containing a substantial proportion of organic matter (prior to treatment).
Description
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FILTER MATERIAL
FOR WATER PURIFICATION
The present invention relates to purification of naturally-occurring waters to obtain potable water and, more particularly, to processes for the production of a filtering material for purification of naturally-occurring waters.
Known in the art is a process for producing a filtering material for purification of naturally-occurring waters comprising granulation of a finely-divided naturally-occurring aluminosilicate raw material (natural clays) in a fluidized bed, followed by calcination of the resulting granules at 8 temperature of from 1,05C to 1,250or (V.N.Martensen, R.I.Ayukaev, A.K.Strel1jov, S.#.Shandalov, P.G.Bykowa "Crushed Claydite-New Filtering Aid for Water-Purification Filters",
Kuibyshev, 1976, pp.33-35).
The prior art process makes it possible to produce a filtering material which, however, exhibits insufficient adsorption properties. This is due to the fact that the surface of granules is fused to a great extent and has no open pores, it also features a low roughness, wherefore a specific surface area of such granules is small (about 1.0-1.2 m2/g)
Also known in the art is a process for producing a filtering material for purification of naturally-occurring waters comprising granulation of an aqueous suspension of a naturally-occurring aluminosilicate raw material (natural clays) in a fluidized bed with the addition of volcanic ashes or perlite, followed by calcination of the resulting granules at a temperature of from 1,000 to 1,250 C (S.F.Onatsky Illtanufacture of Claydite", Izdateltstso Literature po Stro'Jtel' stvu" (Construction Literature Publishing House),
Moscow, 1971, pup.122, 144).
The incorporation of volcanic ashes or perlite into the suspension slightly improves adsorption properties of the filtering material due to a certain increase of the specific surface area of the granules. However, this process results in the production of granules with a fused surface characterized by lack of open pores and by a low roughness, thus failing to ensure a substantial improvement of adsorption properties of the filtering material.
Furthermore, known in the art is still another process for producing a filtering material for purification of naturally-occurring waters comprising granulation, in a fluidized bed, of an aqueous suspension of a naturally-occuring aluminosilicate raw material (natural clays) with the addition of finely-divided magnetite in an amount of from 35 to 70% by mass of the clay, followed by calcination of the resulting granules at a temperature within the range of from 600 to 9000C (cf. USSR Inventor' Certificate No. 982723,
Int.Cl.3 B 01 D 23/10, published in the Official Bulletin "Discoveries, Inventions, industrial Designs, Trademarks",
No. 47, 23.12.82).
This process makes it possible to improve adsorption properties of the filtering material, since at the above -specified calcination temperature the granules get not fused, they have open pores and a higher specific surface area. However, an insufficient total volume of open substantially limits the possibility for increasing specific surface area and roughness of the granules. As a result, a filtering material with insufficient adsorption properties is obtained.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing a filtering material for purification of naturally-occurring waters which would make it possible to obtain a filtering material with a greater total volume of open pores and with a high specific surface area and, hence, with high adsorption properties.
This object is accomplished by a process for producing a filtering material for purification of nature occurring waters comprising granulation of an aqueous suspension of a naturally-occurring aluminosilicate material in a fluidized bed with a subsequent calcination of the resulting granules at a temperature of from 800 to 9000C, wherein, according to the present invention as the naturally-occurring raw material sapropel is used.
The organic constituent incorporated in sapropel is burnt out upon calcination of sapropel which results in the formation of a porous structure of the granules with a high total volume of open pores. This, in turn, results in an increase in the specific surface area of the granules and in an improvement of absorption properties of the filtering material.
The filtering material produced by the process according to the present invention makes it possible to considerably improve effectiveness and quality of purification of naturally-occurring waters employed for the preparation of potable water.
As it has been already mentioned hereinbefore, the calcination of granules is carried out at a temperature within the range of from 800 to 9000C. It is inadvisable to conduct calcination of granules at a temperature of less than 8000C, since at lower calcination temperatures the resulting granules have an insufficient mechanical strength. It is also inexpedient to carry out calcination of granules at a temperature above 900 C, since at higher temperatures of calcination the specific surface area of granules is reduced and a non-productive power consumption for calcination is increased.
In the process according to the present invention sapropel is used as the starting naturally-occurring aluminosilicate raw material. Sapropel comprises slime-like deposits formed on the bottom of fresh-water pools (lakes, ponds, swamps) from decayed vegetable and animal remnants, as well as from miner~41; admixes of a drift character. The composition of sapropel is defined by conditions of its formation and can vary within a brand range.
For the production of a filtering material an aqueous suspension of sapropel is prepared at a mass ratio of the solid and liquid phases of from 1:1.5 to 1:2 respectively.
The prepared suspension is granulated in an apparatus with a fluidized bed, The resulting granules are subjected to calcination at a temperature within the range of from 800 to 900 0C and then cooled. The calcination of granules can be effected both in the same apparatus and outside it, for example in a calcination furnace.
As a result, a filtering material is obtained in the form of a mixture of granules with a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 2 mm.
The filtering material produced by the process according to the present invention can be effectively used in filtration facilities operating on the principle of both ascending and descending filtration. it ensures a high quality of purification of naturally-occurring waters.
For a better lmderstanding of the present invention, some specific examples illustrating its particular embodiments are given hereinbelow.
Example 1
For the production of a filtering material use is made of sapropel comprising slime-like deposits formed on the bottom of a fresh-water lake from decayed vegetable and animal remnants, as well as from mineral impurities of a drift character. Sapropel has the following chemical composition, % by mass: Si02 - 34.1, A1203 - 7.0, Fe203 - 7.2, CaO - 3.5,
MgO - 0.5, organic portion - 47.7.
The aqueous- suspension of sapropel is prepared at the mass ratio of solid and liquid phases equal to 1:1.75 respectively. The resulting suspension is granulated in a fluidized-bed apparatus. The thus-obtained granules are discharged from the apparatus and supplied into a calcination furnace wherein they are subjected to calcination at the temperature of 900 0C. Thereafter the granules are cooled.
As a result, a filtering material is obtained in the form of a mixture of granules with a diameter of from 0.5 to 2.0 mm.
Example 2
A filtering material is prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 1 hereinabove. As the starting aluminosilicate raw material use is made of sapropel comprising slimy deposits formed on the bottom of a fresh-water lake from decayed vegetable and animal remnants, as well as from mineral impurities of a drift character. The che mical composition of sapropel is the following, per cent by mass: SiO2 - 39.4, A1203 - 14.4, Fe203 - 6.3, CaO- 7.6,
MgO - 1.2, K20 - 0.4, organic portion - 30.7. The mass ratio of sapropel to water in the suspension is equal to 1:1.5 respectively. The temperature of calcination of granules is 800 0C.
Example 3
A filtering material is produced as described in Example 1 hereinbefore. The mass ratio of sapropel to water in the suspension is equal to 111.75 respectively. The granules are subjected to calcination at the temperature of 850 0C.
Example 4
A filtering material is produced in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. As the starting aluminosilicate raw material sapropel is used comprising slime-like deposits formed on the bottom of a fresh-Xter lake from decayed vegetable and animals remnants, as well as from mineral impurities of a drift character. The chemical composition of sapropel is the following, per cent by mass: SiO2 - 39.4, A1203 - 14.4,
Fe203 - 6.3, CaO - 7.6, MgO - 1.2, K20 - 0.4, organic portion - 30.7. The mass ratio of sapropel to water in the suspension is equal to 1:2 respectively. The temperature of calcination of granules is 900 0C.
Given hereinbelow in Table 1 are main characteristics of the filtering material produced in Examples 1 to 4 and, for the purpose of comparison, similar chartleteristics of the filtering material produced by the process of the USRR
Inventor's Certificate No. 982723.Use is made of filtering materials wvith the fraction of granules of a diameter from 1.0 to 1.2 mm, As the basic characteristics of the filtering materials shown in the following Table are: total volume of open pores, specific surface area of the granules, adsorption capacity thereof.These characteristics are determined following generally accepted procedures described in the book by N.F.Ermolenko and M.D.Efros "Regualtion of Porous Structure of Oxide Adsorbents and Catalysts", Minsk, 1971. The adsorption capacity is determined by adsorption of methylene blue dye-stuff.
Table 1
Filtering Total volume Specific sur- Adsorption material of open pores, face area of capacity,
of cm3/g granules mg.equiv/g m#/g Example 1 0.268 12.142 0.0321
Example 2 0.214 11.085 0.0234
Example 3 0.279 12.420 0.0332
Example 4 0.221 11.335 0.0241
USSR Inventor's Certificate
No. 982723 0.097 3.063 0.0164
As it is seen from the foregoing Table 1, the filtering material produced by the process according to the present invention (Examples 1 through 4) is superior over the filtering material produced by the process according to the
USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 982723 by 2.2-2.7 times in the total volume of open pores, by 3.6-4 times - in the specific surface area and by 1.5-2 times - in the adsorption capacity.Owing to the above-mentioned advantages, the filtering material produced by the process according to the present invention can be successfully employed for an effective purification of naturally-occurring waters for the preparation of high-quality potable water.
The filtering material produced by the process according to the present invention and the filtering material produced according to the USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 982723 were tested in purification of river water having the following characteristics: turbidity - 7 ng/l, colour index - 41 degrees, pH = 7.1. The tests were carried out on an experimental stand consisting of two filtering columns of 500 mm diameter and 2,000 mm height. One of the columns is packed with the filtering material produced by the process according to the present invention, the other - with the filtering material produced according to the USSR Inventor's Certificate
No. 982723. In doing so, the filtering materials were used in the fraction thereof having granules of a diameter 1.0-1.2 mm.
The height of the bed of each filtering material in the column is 1,000 mm. The filtration of river water was effected in the descending direction. The filtration rate was kept constant and equal to 8 rn/h. Directly prior to the supply or river water to the columns, a coagulation agent - aluminium sulphate was added to the water in the amount of 7 mg/l as calculated for A1203.
The criterion of efficiency of operation of the filtering materials was the amount of purified river water for one filtering cycle. The filtering cycle means a period of time after which a purified water goes out of a filtering columns; this water has to meet the requirements imposed on quality of potable water as to its turbidity and colour index, namely: turbidity - max. 1.5 mg/l, colour index - max, 20 degrees.
The results of process tests of the filtering materials produced by the process according to the present invention and by the process of the USSR Inventor's Certificate
No. 982723 are shown in Table 2 hereinbelow,
It follows from Table 2 that the duration of one filtering cycle and, hence, quality of river water purified over one filtering cycle on a filtering column charged with the filtering material according to the present invention is superior by more than 2 times to the same characteristics obtained in a filtering column with the charge of the filtering material produced by the process according to the USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 982723.
Table 2
Process Filtering material characteristics Produced by the Produced according to
process of this USSR Inventor's Cer
invention tificate No.982723
Duration of one filtering cycle, hours 13 6
Quality of the filtrate during the filtering cycle: colour index, degrees 12-15 15-20 turbidity, mg/l 1-1.5 1-1.5
Amount of river water purified during one filtering cycle, litres 203 94
Therefore, the process according to the present invention makes it possible to produce a filtering material with improved adsorption properties which, in turn, enables a substantial increase in the efficiency of operation of fil tering facilities for purification of naturally-occurring waters and provides a high-quality potable water.
Claims (3)
1. A process for producing a filtering material for purification of naturally-occurring waters comprising granulation of an aqueous suspension of aaprapel in a fluidized bed, followed by calcination of the resulting granules at a temperature within the range of from 800 to 9000C.
2, A process for producing a filtering material for purification of naturally-occurring waters according to the foregoing Claim 1, substantially as described in the
Specification and Examples 1-4 given hereinbefore.
3. A filtering material for purification of naturally -occurring waters, whenever produced by the process according to the foregoing Claims 1 and 2.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8702003A GB2200351B (en) | 1987-01-29 | 1987-01-29 | Process for producing filter material for water purification |
| DE19873703171 DE3703171A1 (en) | 1987-01-29 | 1987-02-03 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FILTER FOR PURIFYING NATURAL WATER |
| FR8701639A FR2610534B1 (en) | 1987-01-29 | 1987-02-10 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A FILTERING MATERIAL FOR THE PURIFICATION OF NATURAL WATERS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8702003A GB2200351B (en) | 1987-01-29 | 1987-01-29 | Process for producing filter material for water purification |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8702003D0 GB8702003D0 (en) | 1987-03-04 |
| GB2200351A true GB2200351A (en) | 1988-08-03 |
| GB2200351B GB2200351B (en) | 1990-08-15 |
Family
ID=10611421
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8702003A Expired - Fee Related GB2200351B (en) | 1987-01-29 | 1987-01-29 | Process for producing filter material for water purification |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3703171A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2610534B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2200351B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2430195A (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-21 | Zander Corp Ltd | Decontaminating aqueous solutions with sapropel |
| US7871968B2 (en) | 2004-01-26 | 2011-01-18 | Saponaqua International Limited | Medicinal soap comprising sapropel |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1033179A1 (en) * | 1982-03-29 | 1983-08-07 | Ленинградский Ордена Ленина Институт Инженеров Железнодорожного Транспорта Им.Акад.В.Н.Образцова | Method of producing pelletized filtering material for cleaning water |
| SU1152650A1 (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1985-04-30 | Ленинградский Ордена Ленина Институт Инженеров Железнодорожного Транспорта Им.Акад.В.Н.Образцова | Method of obtaining granulated filtering material |
| SU1243808A1 (en) * | 1984-05-08 | 1986-07-15 | Ленинградский Ордена Ленина Институт Инженеров Железнодорожного Транспорта Им.Акад.В.Н.Образцова | Method of obtaining granulated filtering material |
| SU1286266A1 (en) * | 1984-08-14 | 1987-01-30 | Ленинградский институт инженеров железнодорожного транспорта им.акад.В.Н.Образцова | Method of producing granulated filter material |
-
1987
- 1987-01-29 GB GB8702003A patent/GB2200351B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-02-03 DE DE19873703171 patent/DE3703171A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-02-10 FR FR8701639A patent/FR2610534B1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7871968B2 (en) | 2004-01-26 | 2011-01-18 | Saponaqua International Limited | Medicinal soap comprising sapropel |
| GB2430195A (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-21 | Zander Corp Ltd | Decontaminating aqueous solutions with sapropel |
| WO2007031755A1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-22 | Zander Corporation Ltd. | A decontamination process and system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3703171A1 (en) | 1988-08-11 |
| FR2610534B1 (en) | 1989-06-30 |
| GB2200351B (en) | 1990-08-15 |
| GB8702003D0 (en) | 1987-03-04 |
| FR2610534A1 (en) | 1988-08-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |