GB2184684A - Process and apparatus for continuous welding of thermoplastic synthetic resin surfaces - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for continuous welding of thermoplastic synthetic resin surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2184684A
GB2184684A GB08627591A GB8627591A GB2184684A GB 2184684 A GB2184684 A GB 2184684A GB 08627591 A GB08627591 A GB 08627591A GB 8627591 A GB8627591 A GB 8627591A GB 2184684 A GB2184684 A GB 2184684A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
accompanying drawings
welding apparatus
welding
synthetic resin
rolls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08627591A
Other versions
GB8627591D0 (en
GB2184684B (en
Inventor
Gert Noel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Noel Marquet and Cie SA
Original Assignee
Noel Marquet and Cie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Noel Marquet and Cie SA filed Critical Noel Marquet and Cie SA
Publication of GB8627591D0 publication Critical patent/GB8627591D0/en
Publication of GB2184684A publication Critical patent/GB2184684A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2184684B publication Critical patent/GB2184684B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1454—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1458—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined once, i.e. contour welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5227—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81417—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled being V-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B29C66/8432—Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/142—Laminating of sheets, panels or inserts, e.g. stiffeners, by wrapping in at least one outer layer, or inserting into a preformed pocket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81265—Surface properties, e.g. surface roughness or rugosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9131—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/60—Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
    • B29L2031/601—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes
    • B29L2031/602—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes composed of several elementary tubular elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/025—Polyolefin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
    • B32B2305/022—Foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The synthetic resin surfaces to be welded together are guided over a spacer means (2) at a distance past an electrically heated heat source (1) so as to form a heating channel, whereby the surfaces are superficially melted, and are pressed together thereafter. The process and the apparatus are suited especially well for welding sheets, panels, rods and/or tubes of foam material, especially of non-crosslinked low-density polyethylene foam. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Process and apparatus for continuous welding of thermoplastic synthetic resin surfaces The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for continuously welding e.g. sheets, panels, rods and/ortubes of thermoplastic synthetic resin to one another in which the synthetic resin surfaces to be welded together are first melted by heating and then pressed together.
Aknown process exclusively used in practice for laminating foam sheets with textiles is flame laminating. In this process the foam sheet is guided over a relatively large chilled roll so that the foam sheet covers at least 113 of the roll barrel, which is accomplished by means of two guide rolls. Between said two guide rolls one side of the foam sheet is superficially melted by gas flames. The textile material is then surprised by the second guide roll and bondsto the superficially molten surface of the foam sheet under the contact pressure exerted by the second guide roll pressing against the large chilled roll.In this process it is disadvantageous that there is a loss in thickness not only on account of fusion of cells on the surface - which, incidentally, can never be completely avoided when foams are welded together but there is a loss in thickness also dueto burning.
In another known process, the so-called heatedtool welding, metallic heating means in direct contact with the areas to be joined, and with accordingly good heat transition, heat the synthetic resins upto plastic deformability. After said temperature is reached, the heated tools are removed from the gap and the parts to be welded are bonded by contact pressure. The process requires only short cycle periods and is suited for bonding solid profiles and tubes, but it has the disadvantage that it does not readily lend itself to continuous operation.
Therefore, many attempts have been made to modify the heated-tool welding technique so that a continuous mode of operation is possible in direct contact with the heated tool. In such a process which may be used, for example, with crosslinked poly ethylenesthe synthetic resin surfaces to be welded together are contacted with rolls heated to high temperatures, whereby the surfaces to be bonded together are uniformly melted, without the need of coping with thickness losses due to bu rn iny, as with the flame laminating technique described above.
After the surfaces to be welded are superficially melted, they are pressed together and make a durable weld. However, with many thermoplastic synthetic resins, e.g. non-crosslinked polyethylene, the pro blem arises that sooner or later synthetic resin residues attach and stick to the highly polished roll, so that thereafter neither a clean operation nor perfect weld seams are assured aside from the fact that after a short time the roll may be in a condition which does not permit the continuation of the operation.
The present invention includes a process and an apparatus by means of which it is possible, in a con tinuousmodeofoperationwith no bu rning, to weld thermoplastic synthetic resins exhibiting a tendency to "smear" and which is particularly importantwhich are applicable also to synthetic resin foams which exhibitatendencyto leave noxious residues of plastic on the roll.
According to the invention, the synthetic resin surfaces to be heated up to melting temperature are guided over a spacer means at a distance around an electrically heated heat conductor serving as heat source, that the synthetic resin surfaces to be welded, together with the spacer means, form a heating channel which surrounds the heat source and which optionally may be closed at its forward and rearward ends; and a n a an apparatusforcarrying out said process is characterized in that it comprises at least one electrically heatable heat source, a spacer means arranged in front of said heat source(s), and a means for pressing the superficially molten surfaces together.
S heets, pa nels, rods a nd/or tu bes to be welded ac- cord-tothe present invention may consist of any de siredthermoplasticsynthetic resin. However, the process of the invention is preferably applied to thermoplastic synthetic resins which can be bonded only insufficiently by adhesives or by the solution welding technique, i.e.,for example, to polyolefins, such as polyethylene, especially non-crosslinked polyethylene of the group of low-density polyethylenes. In this connection it should be mentioned that, owing to its low dielectric loss factor (0.0005), polyethylene cannot be bonded by high frequency welding.
The process of the invention is particularly advan tageousforwelding sheets, panels, rods and/or tubes consisting of the aforementioned thermoplastic synthetic resins, especially polyethylene, and being present in the form of foams, preferably of a density, based on the foam material, of less than 50 kg/m3, especially less than 20 kg/m3.
The apparatus for carrying out the process of the invention substantially consists of a heat source, a spacer means arranged in front of said heat source, and a means arranged downstream of the heat source for pressing the superficially molten surfaces together, as mentioned already before. The heat source preferably consists of an electrically heatable heat conductor, especially in the form of a wire or metal strip. Preferably the wire or metal strip is made of a chromium-nickel alloy, chromium-nickelaluminum alloy, or an iron-chromium-nickel alloy.
Of course, also all other metals or metal alloys, or non-metallic heat conductors, may be employed, e.g. silicon carbide heat conductors, which are commonly used in resistance heating means. Thetemperature to which the heat conductor is heated varies within a wide range, e.g.from 600 to 1200"C, and depends on the material to be welded and the speed at which the synthetic resin surfaces are guided past the heat conductor. At high speeds oftravei and/or with high-melting thermoplastic synthetic resins it may be advantageous or necessary to arrange two or more heat conductors in series in the direction of travel of the synthetic resin surfaces to be welded together. In order to avoid sagging of the heat con doctors, and thus non-u niform heat radiation, it is preferred according to the invention that the heat conductors, especially when in the form of wires or metal strip, are constantly held taut, are constantly held taut, also when hot The tensioning means, which preferably also serves as power supply con nector, favorably utilizes the elasticforce of a tension or compression spring. According to a preferred embodiment, the power supply can be controlled or regulated by means of a thermocouple provided in the vicinity of the heat conductor.
In ordertoform a heating channel, and in order to guide the synthetic resin surfaces to be welded together past the heat conductor at a certain distance therefrom and out of direct contact therewith, a spacer means is provided shortly ahead ofthe heat conductor. Said spacer means preferably is wedgeshaped and so arranged that the sharp edge ofthe wedge points at the oncoming material, while the back of the wedge faces the heat conductor. The length of the wedge and of the heat conductor depends on the width of the areas to be welded together.
The sharp edge of the wedge is preferably slightly rounded in ordernottodamagetheoncoming material. The wedge back is preferably of convex shape and its longitudinal edges are likewise rounded in orderto avoid damage to the material. Of course, the back ofthe wedge may also be of concave shape; in that case the lateral edges are preferably rounded, too. Since said spacer wedge at the same time serves as a heat shield, it may be suitable to provide the spacerwedge with one or more bores or passageways in longitudinal direction in orderto provide a possibility of passing coolant medium through the spacerwedge in case excessive heating of the spacer wedge must be apprehended if it is in operation for extended periods of time.For special uses, e.g. when a heating channel substantially closed on all sides is desired,the free space downstream of the spacer wedge can be covered on both sides by a cover extendingfromthewedge.Thewedgeflanksarepreferably highly polished in orderto reduce friction.
According to another embodiment of the inven- tion,the spacer means can also be a pairof rolls, and in that case the roll diameter and the roll length must be adapted to the requirements prevailing in practice. Pairs of spacer rolls are preferably used accord ing to the present invention in cases where, for example, relatively thick and wide tube panels, e.g.
panels of a thickness of 8 or 16 cm and a width of one meter or more, are to be welded together, or in cases where endless wide foam sheeting is to be laminated with corresponding homogeneous decorative sheet ing in orderto minimize friction atthe spacer means.
Also with the use of pairs of spacer rolls running preferably in ball bearings it may be desirable to cool the rolls. In such cases at least one ofthe two rolls is hollow and is so constructed that coolant medium can be passed therethrough. Since the spacer rolls preferably contact each other, in order to assist in forming the heating channel closed along both sides, it may be advantageous to coat the rolls with a jacket of elastic synthetic resin material, which may be a relatively thin jacket Instead of the spacer wedge or the pair of spacer rolls both of which are preferably used when sheets, panels, rods and/ortubes of elasticfoam material are to be welded to one another it is, of course, possible for example when panels, rods ortubes of homogen eousthermoplasticmaterial are to be welded together -to employ as spacer means also a simple metal or ceramic panel with rounded longitudinal edges,oranaccordinglydimensionedtube,which then ought to be highly polished, too, on the contacting areas.
Hence, by the spacer means it is possible to guide the synthetic resin surfacesto be welded togetherat a distance past the heat source to thereby superfici- ally melt the synthetic resin surfaces. Shortly after having passed by the heat source the molten surfaces are compressed by suitable means, e.g. pres- sure rolls. After the material has cooled down the welding operation is terminated.
According to an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, at least two, preferably a plurality of the panels are arranged one above the other so that, for example, 2,3,6 or 10 foam panels can be welded together, depending on the desired thickness of the final product. In a simple mannerthis offers the pos sibility ofwelding together relatively thin foam panels having a very low volume weight, which hitherto could be produced continuously only up to a thickness not exceeding 8 cm, to obtain panels having any desired thickness.
In like mannerthe invention permits welding of foam tubes of low-density polyethylene having volumeweightsoflessthan50kg/m3into panelsof any desired width; the width ofthe tube areas that can be welded together can be varied by accordingly pressing the foam tubes together, e.g. by the spaces between the juxtaposed welding welding apparatuses arranged side by side, the nip between the pressure rolls which may be provided downstream ofthe heat source. Since the welding means ofthe invention can be arranged not only side by side but also one above the other, the foam tubes can be simultaneously welded together side by side and one above the other by means of such a lattice welding system, so that a block composed of said foam tubes is obtained.
However, the process of the invention can be used to advantage also for producing composite sheets.
Thereby polyethylene sheeting can be combined with other sheeting in an especially elegant manner in order to thus suppress the noxious noticeable permeability of polyethylene sheeting to flavors, gas and fat.
In like manner polyethylene foam sheeting can be laminated on one or both sides with textile fabric.
Furthermore, according to the present invention it is possible in a continuous mode of operation, for example with a twin belt system inwhichtheweld- ing means of the invention is integrated,to produce sandwich elements having a polyethylene foam core which otherwise can be adhesion-bonded only with difficulty (ifatall) and metallicorotherfacing layers to which the molten polyethylene firmly adheres.
Hereafter the present invention will be further ex plained with reference to Figures 1 to 8 without being limited thereto.
Figure lisa vertical longitudinal section through the apparatus for welding together foam panels which are arranged in a twin belt system.
Figure2 is a vertical section through a lattice system with three welding apparatuses along the line C-D in Figure 3 for welding togetherfoam tubes arranged side by side.
Figure 3 is a horizontal longitudinal section along the line A-B in Figure 2.
Figure4 is a vertical section through a lattice system according to the invention with one horizontally and three vertically arranged welding apparat uses for simultaneously welding togetherfoam rods disposed side by side and one above the other.
Figure 5is a schematic perspective view ofthe wedge-shaped embodiment of the spacer means preferred according to the invention and electrically heated heat conductorthereabove in the form of a metal strip.
Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the welding apparatus of the invention forwelding together homogeneous sheeting.
Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the welding apparatus of the invention for welding together foam sheets with the use of a wedge-shaped spacer means.
Figure 8 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the invention forwelding togetherfoam sheets with the use of spacer rolls.
As mentioned before, Figure 1 shows in part a vertical longitudinal section through atwin beltsystem with upper conveyor belt 4 guided along rolls 3 and lower conveyor belt 6 guided along rolls 5. Between the upper and the lower conveyor belts 4, 6there are fourfoam panels 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7dto be welded together which, after having passed bythewedgeshaped spacer means 2 and the electrically heated heat conductor 1, are welded togetherto form a foam panel 7. The arrow 8 indicates the direction of travel.
Depending on the desired thickness of the weld bonded panels, also a plurality of welding apparatuses of the invention can be arranged one above the other. Of course, it is also possible to so design the system that only one welding apparatus is provided, and thus only two starting panels are welded togetherto form the accordinglythicker panel. Moreover, with a suitable construction ofthe system foam panels of different thicknesses can be welded tog ether.The twin belt system can be open along the sides, or it can be closed by two additional cor responding conveyor belts likewise moving along rolls.Theadditional lateralconveyorbeltswill be provided in case lateral evasion of the foam material isto be avoided, and thus the pressure for pressing the superficially molten surfaces together is to be increased.
Normally, i.e. also without lateral conveyor belts, the foam panels - even shortly after the intrnduction thereof into the twin belt system - are already subject to such high pressure that, owing to their flexibility, they are sufficiently pressed together by their own expansion, after having travelled past the welding means.
Preferably foam tubes are welded together by the mode of operation illustrated in Figures 2 to 4. At the frame 9 constructed, for example, from tubing (cf.
Figures 2 and 4) the wedge-shaped spacer means 2 are disposed in vertical arrangement (cf. Figure 2) and, in Figure 4, additionally in horizontal arrangement, with the wedge blades visible in Figures 2 and 4. Centrally behind the wedge-shaped spacer means the corresponding heat conductors 1 are provided (cf. Figures 3 and 5) which are constantly held in taut condition by means of a spring tensioning device, not shown.The spaces between the wedge-shaped spacer means and the lateral confinement bars 10, whose distance from each other decreases somewhat in the direction of travel, are preferably so selected that, after having moved past the welding apparatuses, the foam tubes weld together over a wide area. lnordertoexertadditional pressure on the superficially molten tube surfaces, there is preferably provided, shortly downstream of the welding apparatuses and across, i.e. normal to the direction of travel, a pair of rolls whose rolls are spaced apart from each other and through which the foam tubes are guided.
As shown in Figure 2, a plurality of welding apparatuses can be arranged side by side so that 20 foam tubes, for example, can be easily welded together at thesametimetoforma panel. The same appliesto the "lattice system " shown in Figure 4 by which a plurality of tubes disposed side by side and one above the other can be simultaneouslywelded together to form a square block. In view of practical considerations, however, it may be advantageous to first weld together 10 or 20 foam tubes disposed side by side, as shown in Figure 4, but without thevertic- ally disposed welding apparatuses, or with the use of the above described twin belt system.
By means of the apparatuses shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8 it is possible in a simplewayto producecomposite sheets, either from two different homogeneous sheets or from one foam sheet and one homogeneous sheet or textile fabric. Of course, with these apparatuses also two foam sheets can be welded together. if desired, two such arrangements can be provided one after the other or one beside the other, for example, in case a foam sheet is to be laminated on both sides. Figure 8 shows how, for example, the wedge-shaped spacer means can be replaced by a contra-rotating pair of rolls.
Further embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become automatically evident to the expert from the preceding statements. The process ofthe invention and the welding apparatus are part icularly suited for welding sheets, panels, rods and/ or tubes offoam material, especially of polyethylene foam.

Claims (24)

1. A process for continuous welding ofthermo- plastic synthetic resin surfaces to one another in which the surfaces are first melted and then pressed together, characterized in that the synthetic resin surfaces to be heated up to melting temperature are guided over a spacer means at a distance around an electrically heated heat conductor serving as heat source, that the synthetic resin surfaces to be welded, together with the spacer means, form a heating channel which surrounds the heat source and which optionallymaybeclosedatitsforwardand rearward ends.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that sheets, panels, rods and/ortubesto be welded together consist of a polyolefin, preferably a polyethylene, especially a non-crosslinked polyethylene.
3. Processaccordingtoclaimsl and 2, char- acterized in that the sheets, panels, rods and/or tubes consist of an elastic, foamed low-density polyethylene, preferably one having a volume weight of less than 50 kg/m3.
4. Welding apparatus for carrying outthe process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least one electrically heatable heat source, a spacer means arranged in front of said heat source(s), and a means for pressing the superficially molten surfaces together.
5. Welding apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the electrically heatable heat source is a heatconductorintheform of a wire or a metal strip preferably made of a chromium-nickel alloy, a chromium-nickel-aliuminum alloy, or an ironchromium-nickel alloy.
6. Welding apparatus according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the electrically heatable wires or metal strips are constantly held taut, also when hot, by means of a tensioning device.
7. Welding apparatus according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in thatthe spacer means has the form of a wedge-like heat shield.
8. Welding apparatus according to claim 7, char acterized in thatthe wedge-shaped heat shield com prises in longitudinal direction one or more passageways provided for the passage of cooling medium, preferably in theform of one or more suitable bores.
9. Welding apparatus according to claims 4to 6, characterized in that the spacer means is formed by a pairof rolls, said rolls being preferably supported in ball bearings and having an elastic synthetic resin jacket.
10. Welding apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the rolls consist of hollow rolls traversed by coolant medium.
11. Welding process substantially as here inbefore described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
12. Welding process substantially as here inbefore described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 oftheaccompanying drawings.
13. Welding process substantially as here inbefore described with reference to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
14. Welding process substantially as here in before described with reference to Figure 5 ofthe accompanying drawings.
15. Welding process substantially as here inbefore described with reference to Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
16. Welding process substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 7 ofthe accompanying drawings
17. Welding process substantially as here inbefore described with reference to Figure 8 ofthe accompanying drawings.
18. Welding apparatus substantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
19. Welding apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
20. Welding apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
21. Welding apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 5 ofthe accompanying drawings.
22. Welding apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 6 ofthe accompanying drawings.
23. Welding apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 7 ofthe accompanying drawings.
24. Welding apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 8 ofthe accompanying drawings.
GB8627591A 1985-11-19 1986-11-19 Process and apparatus for continuous welding of thermoplastic synthetic resin surfaces Expired GB2184684B (en)

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DE19853541053 DE3541053A1 (en) 1985-11-19 1985-11-19 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUSLY FLAT-WELDING FILMS, PLATES, RODS AND / OR TUBES MADE OF THERMOPLASTIC PLASTICS

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GB2184684A true GB2184684A (en) 1987-07-01
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BE (1) BE905764A (en)
CH (1) CH672093A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3541053A1 (en)
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ES (1) ES2002067A6 (en)
FI (1) FI864659A (en)
FR (1) FR2590202B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2184684B (en)
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IT (1) IT1197990B (en)
LU (1) LU86657A1 (en)
NL (1) NL8602937A (en)
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PL2687354T3 (en) 2012-07-17 2017-09-29 Basf Se Thermoplastic foam plates with a welding seam thickness of 30 to 200 micrometers
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JPS62121037A (en) 1987-06-02
FI864659A0 (en) 1986-11-17
GR862733B (en) 1987-03-19
FR2590202B1 (en) 1991-03-22
FR2590202A1 (en) 1987-05-22
CH672093A5 (en) 1989-10-31
DK553886A (en) 1987-05-20
SE8604866D0 (en) 1986-11-13
DE3541053A1 (en) 1987-05-21
NL8602937A (en) 1987-06-16
SE8604866L (en) 1987-05-20
DK165229B (en) 1992-10-26
GB8627591D0 (en) 1986-12-17
IT1197990B (en) 1988-12-21
NO864595D0 (en) 1986-11-18
DE3541053C2 (en) 1990-10-18
LU86657A1 (en) 1987-05-04
FI864659A (en) 1987-05-20
NO864595L (en) 1987-05-20
IT8622334A0 (en) 1986-11-14
DK553886D0 (en) 1986-11-19
GB2184684B (en) 1989-12-06
ES2002067A6 (en) 1988-07-01
BE905764A (en) 1987-03-16

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PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Effective date: 20061118