GB2180253A - Method and plant for cooling of fatty oils - Google Patents

Method and plant for cooling of fatty oils Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2180253A
GB2180253A GB08522397A GB8522397A GB2180253A GB 2180253 A GB2180253 A GB 2180253A GB 08522397 A GB08522397 A GB 08522397A GB 8522397 A GB8522397 A GB 8522397A GB 2180253 A GB2180253 A GB 2180253A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
oil
temperature
cooling
cooler
coolant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08522397A
Other versions
GB2180253B (en
GB8522397D0 (en
Inventor
Lennart Bauren
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tetra Pak Food and Beverage Systems AB
Original Assignee
Alfa Laval Food and Dairy Engineering AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alfa Laval Food and Dairy Engineering AB filed Critical Alfa Laval Food and Dairy Engineering AB
Priority to GB8522397A priority Critical patent/GB2180253B/en
Publication of GB8522397D0 publication Critical patent/GB8522397D0/en
Publication of GB2180253A publication Critical patent/GB2180253A/en
Priority to MYPI87002015A priority patent/MY102164A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2180253B publication Critical patent/GB2180253B/en
Priority to SG53/90A priority patent/SG5390G/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
    • C11B7/0075—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of melting or solidifying points
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
    • B01D9/0004—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange
    • B01D9/0013—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange by indirect heat exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
    • B01D9/0036—Crystallisation on to a bed of product crystals; Seeding

Abstract

Fatty oil is cooled in order to fractionally crystallize high melting point constituents therein by oil contained in a crystallizer (1) having mixing means (2) being circulated by pump (3) through a separate plate heat exchanger (5) using coolant (6). Preferably there are two cooling stages; first the oil is heated to 60-90 DEG C, mixed and rapidly cooled to 35-60 DEG C with the coolant being at least 10 DEG C cooler than the oil and then cooled to 12-35 DEG C with coolant being 2-10 DEG C cooler than the oil before filtering the crystals formed. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Method and plantforcooling of fatty oils This invention relates to a method of cooling fatty oil and apparatusforuse in carrying outthemethod.
Natural oils and fats have different characteristics due to the fact that they are composed of a great number of differenttriglycerides. These may contain fatty acids having carbon chains of different lengths and of different degrees of unsaturation.
Triglycerides with a high degree of unsaturation, indicated by a high iodine value, have a lower melting pointthanthosecontaining more saturated fatty acids. If an oil is cooled to a certain temperature, the high melting point triglycerides (stearine)will crystallize, while the low melting point ones will remain fluid. The stearine can then be separated from the oil (olein) by different methods, the fat-oil thus being divided into two fractions, namely stearinewith a high melting point and olein with a lowcloudpointandalowmelting point.
This separating technique is called fractional crystallization and is used to obtain oils orfats,which are more suitable,forexamplefor use as cooking oil orformargarine production.
In the conventional method, the high melting point stearine is removedfrom the oil by filtration, and the crystallization rate must be so slow so that big crystals are formed.
To obtain the fractional crystallization the cooling may be carried out in different ways. Usually a large container known as a crystallizer is used and is equipped with an external jacket through which cooling fluid is passed. Internal cooling coils may also be used. When such a crystallizer is used the cooling time is generally about 6-24 hr, depending on the size of the crystallizer. The crystallizers are also provided with complicated agitators to keep the fatty oil in movementduringthecrystallization process.
The internal agitation is kept low and the rate ofthe cooling slow in orderto control the latent heat of crystallization and to avoid super-cooling. It has also be proposed to use a crystallizer which consists of concentric rings, every second one of which is intended for circulation ofwaterwhile the other rings contain the oil which is agitated gently by stirrers which almost scrape the walls. This design of crystallizer makes the cooling surface larger.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of cooling fatty oil for crystallizing high melting point constituents, wherein fatty oil contained in acrystallizerhaving mixing means and connected in a circuit with a separate cooler is circulated through said cooler and cooled therein.
By the method of the invention the fatty oil or part ofthesameisbroughttocirculatethroughthe separate coolerand the cooling ofthefatty oil can take place mainly in this cooler, with the result that it is possible to cool large amounts offatty oil down to a separation temperature of 200C in a time as short as 2 hours and still obtain crystals of a size easytofilter.
The separate cooler may with advantage consist of a plate heat exchanger in which thefatty oil iscooled by a coolant. In orderto obtain a regular size ofthe crystals it is advantageous to heatthe oil priorto cooling. The heating, the optimum degree of which varies with the oil which is to be treated, is preferably to a temperature in the range of 60 -90'C.
It is expedientforthe temperature of the oil entering the separate cooler to be sensed and the temperature of the coolant supplied to the cooler to be controlled to maintain a predetermined difference between the oil and coolanttemperatures.
The cooling may be carried out in two stages. In the firstonetheoil is mixed intensely in the crystallizer and is then quickly cooled to a temperature of 35 60with a temperature difference of at least fli0 C between thefatty oil andthecoolantbeing maintained. In the second cooling stage the oil is cooled to a temperature which is suitable for the filtration i.e. 12 - 35"C, with the temperature difference between the fatty oil and the coolant being maintained in the range of2-10C.
In some cases it may be desirable to cool also fatty oil in the crystallizerwhich may be provided with cooling means, such as ajacketand/ora cooling coil forthat purpose. Both external and internal cooling is then obtained.
Also provided in accordance with the invention is an apparatusforuse in carrying outthecooling method, comprising a crystallizer, a pump and a separate cooler connected in a flow circuit.
The separate cooler consists advantageously of a plate heat exchanger. A device may be included to sense the temperature of the oil flowing from the crystallizer into the separate cooler, and means responsive to a signal from this device provided to control the temperature of the coolant supplied to the cooler according to the oil temperature.
When fatty oil is cooled in the above manner, crystals of an even size are obtained which are easy to separate from the oil.
The method ofthe invention as specifically described herein is especially suitable for palm oil, but may be used for different fatty oils, preferably fully refined. When otherfattyoils are cooled according to the method of the invention other temperature programmes adapted to the properties the oil of interest may have to be applied.
A better understanding of the invention will be had from the following more detailed description of one exampleofthe method and an embodimentofan apparatus according to the invention.
Example A tank of stainless steel provided with a propeller mixerwasfilled with 50 kg neutralized, bleached and deodorized palm oil with an iodine value of 52. The temperature ofthe oil was 78 C, which means that no crystal germs were to befound in the oil. By means of a positive pump oil was taken from the tank, passed through a plate heat exchanger and returned to the tank.The oil was cooled in the heat exchanger by water with an inlet temperature of9'Cfor5 mins, after which the oil had a temperature of 50 C. Further cooling was effected with water, the temperature being continuously controlled in orderto maintain it at a temperature of 50C below the temperature of the oil atthe inlet to the plate heat exchanger. The cooling was interrupted after a further 106 minutes when the oil had reached a temperature of 1 8.5"C. A part of the crystal suspension was filtered in a laboratoryvacuum-filter. The iodinevalue and cloud point of the olein was determined.The crystal suspension was easy to filter and it could be seen in the microscope that crystals with an even size of 200 Fm had been obtained. The iodine value of the olefin was determined to 57.8 and the cloud point measured to 80C.
The accompanying drawing shows schematically an apparatusforcooling offatty oils comprising a tank 1 provided with a propeller mixer 2 and into which heated oil to be cooled is fed. By means of a pump 3 connected in a circuit4, a part of the oil is passed to a separate cooler 5 where the oil is cooled by a coolant 6. The oil is then returned to the tank 1 from the coolerthrough a pipe 7. When the cooling of the fatty oil is carried out in the described apparatus a considerable reduction in the cost of the cooling apparatus is obtained compared to that used in earlier dry fractionation processes, since the tank and the mixing means are of a simple inexpensive construction compared with the jacketed tanks used previously. Due to the large cooling areas which are available in separate coolers of suitable design, the cooling may be carried through bothfasterand ina more controlled manner. This is especially true when the degree of cooling is controlled by regulating the temperature of the coolant in relation to the temperature ofthe oil. It has also been foundthatthe formation of crystals of an even size is enhanced by the fatty oil being subjected to intensive mixing in the tank. This is contrary to the priorartwhich thought it unwise to agitate the oil otherthan slowly.

Claims (14)

1. Amethodofcoolingfattyoilforcrystallizing high melting point constituents, wherein fatty oil contained in a crystallizer having mixing means and connected in a circuit with a separate cooler is circulatedthrough said coolerand cooled therein.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling is effected substantially entirely in said separate cooler.
3. A method according to claim 1 or2, wherein the separate cooler is a plateheatexchangerandthe fatty oil is cooled by heat exchange with a coolant in said heat exchanger.
4. A method according to claim 1 or2,wherein the fatty oil is palm oil.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fatty oil is heated to a temperature of 60 900C priorto cooling.
6. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the temperature of the oil entering the separate cooler is sensed and the temperature of the coolantsuppliedtothecooleriscontrolledto maintain a predetermined difference between said oil and coolanttemperatures.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in a first cooling stage the fatty oil is subjected to an intense mixing and rapid cooling to a temperature of 35 - 60 C with atemperature difference of at least 1 0 C being maintained between the fatty oil and coolant.
8. A method according to claim 7, wherein in a second cooling stagethefattyoil is cooled to a temperature suitable for the separation, for example in the range of 12 -350C,withthetemperature difference between the fatty oil and coolant being maintained in the range of 2 to 1 OOC.
9. A method according to claim 7, wherein the crystallizercomprisescooling means.
10. Apparatus for use in carrying out the method of claim 1, comprising a crystallizer, a pump and a separate cooler connected in a flow ci rcuit.
11. Apparatus according to claim 9,wherein said separate cooler is a plate heat exchanger.
12. An apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, wherein temperature sensing means is provided to sense the temperature of the oil passing into the cooler, and means responsive to thetemperature sensing means is provided to control the temperature of coolant supplied to the cooler.
13. A method according to claim 1 and substantially as herein described.
14. Anapparatusforcoolingfattyoil substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
GB8522397A 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 Method and plant for cooling of fatty oils Expired GB2180253B (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8522397A GB2180253B (en) 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 Method and plant for cooling of fatty oils
MYPI87002015A MY102164A (en) 1985-09-10 1987-09-28 Method and plant for cooling of fatty oils
SG53/90A SG5390G (en) 1985-09-10 1990-01-20 Method and plant for cooling of fatty oils

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8522397A GB2180253B (en) 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 Method and plant for cooling of fatty oils

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8522397D0 GB8522397D0 (en) 1985-10-16
GB2180253A true GB2180253A (en) 1987-03-25
GB2180253B GB2180253B (en) 1989-09-06

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Family Applications (1)

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GB8522397A Expired GB2180253B (en) 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 Method and plant for cooling of fatty oils

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GB (1) GB2180253B (en)
MY (1) MY102164A (en)
SG (1) SG5390G (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0262113A2 (en) * 1986-09-22 1988-03-30 S.A. Fractionnement TIRTIAUX Process and plant for fractionating fatty materials by crystallization
EP0535475A2 (en) * 1991-10-04 1993-04-07 Krupp Maschinentechnik Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Fractionation of mixtures
WO1996005279A1 (en) * 1994-08-17 1996-02-22 Quest International B.V. Oil modification
EP0798369A2 (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-01 Fuji Oil Company, Limited Process for dry fractionation of fats and oils
GB2458694A (en) * 2008-03-28 2009-09-30 Desmet Ballestra Engineering S Crystallisation of edible oils and fats

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB745063A (en) * 1952-03-22 1956-02-22 Du Pont Adipic acid crystallization
GB1120456A (en) * 1964-12-14 1968-07-17 Ranchers Cotton Oil Method of separating components of oleaginous mixtures by fractional crystallization
GB1322197A (en) * 1969-12-12 1973-07-04 Stamicarbon Continuous process for crystallization
GB1558958A (en) * 1977-04-14 1980-01-09 Us Commerce Continuous fractionation of tallow and production of a cocoa butter-like plastic fat

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB745063A (en) * 1952-03-22 1956-02-22 Du Pont Adipic acid crystallization
GB1120456A (en) * 1964-12-14 1968-07-17 Ranchers Cotton Oil Method of separating components of oleaginous mixtures by fractional crystallization
GB1322197A (en) * 1969-12-12 1973-07-04 Stamicarbon Continuous process for crystallization
GB1558958A (en) * 1977-04-14 1980-01-09 Us Commerce Continuous fractionation of tallow and production of a cocoa butter-like plastic fat

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0262113A2 (en) * 1986-09-22 1988-03-30 S.A. Fractionnement TIRTIAUX Process and plant for fractionating fatty materials by crystallization
EP0262113A3 (en) * 1986-09-22 1989-10-25 S.A. Fractionnement TIRTIAUX Process and plant for fractionating fatty materials by crystallization
EP0535475A2 (en) * 1991-10-04 1993-04-07 Krupp Maschinentechnik Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Fractionation of mixtures
DE4132892A1 (en) * 1991-10-04 1993-04-22 Krupp Maschinentechnik SUBSTANCE MIXING FACTIONING
EP0535475A3 (en) * 1991-10-04 1994-08-03 Krupp Maschinentechnik
US5401867A (en) * 1991-10-04 1995-03-28 Krupp Maschinentechnik Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Fractionation of a mixture of substances
WO1996005279A1 (en) * 1994-08-17 1996-02-22 Quest International B.V. Oil modification
US5874599A (en) * 1994-08-17 1999-02-23 Loders Croklaan B.V. Dry fractionation of fat molecules in a pseudo-steady state
EP0798369A2 (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-01 Fuji Oil Company, Limited Process for dry fractionation of fats and oils
EP0798369A3 (en) * 1996-03-28 1998-10-21 Fuji Oil Company, Limited Process for dry fractionation of fats and oils
US6060028A (en) * 1996-03-28 2000-05-09 Fuji Oil Company, Limited Apparatus for dry fractionation of fats and oils
US6069263A (en) * 1996-03-28 2000-05-30 Fuji Oil Company, Limited Process for dry fractionation of fats and oils
GB2458694A (en) * 2008-03-28 2009-09-30 Desmet Ballestra Engineering S Crystallisation of edible oils and fats
US8133519B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2012-03-13 N.V. Desmet Ballestra Engineering S.A. Crystallization apparatus and process for molten fats
GB2458694B (en) * 2008-03-28 2012-06-27 Desmet Ballestra Engineering Sa Nv Process and apparatus for the crystallisation of molten edible oils and fats

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SG5390G (en) 1990-07-06
GB2180253B (en) 1989-09-06
GB8522397D0 (en) 1985-10-16
MY102164A (en) 1992-04-30

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940910