GB2168393A - A method of removing cellulose and other vegetable contaminants from fabrics - Google Patents
A method of removing cellulose and other vegetable contaminants from fabrics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2168393A GB2168393A GB08531167A GB8531167A GB2168393A GB 2168393 A GB2168393 A GB 2168393A GB 08531167 A GB08531167 A GB 08531167A GB 8531167 A GB8531167 A GB 8531167A GB 2168393 A GB2168393 A GB 2168393A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- bath
- padding
- fabrics
- contaminants
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001461 cytolytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002351 pectolytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009963 fulling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009988 textile finishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
- D01C5/00—Carbonising rags to recover animal fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38636—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing enzymes other than protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, oxidase or reductase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38645—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing cellulase
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
- D06M16/003—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic with enzymes or microorganisms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A fabric is decontaminated by treatment with an enzymatic preparation containing cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes that allow for a reduction of H2SO4 concentration below 2% during fabric carbonization. The process may be carried out with the machinery and equipment of dye-houses and finishing mills. The method can be applied to pure wool fabrics, and also to fabrics containing synthetic fibers, except for artificial cellulose fibers.
Description
SPECIFICATION
A method of removing cellulose and other vegetable contaminants from fabrics
This method relates to removing cellulose and other vegetable contaminants from fabrics, and especially from wool fabrics, or fabrics containing wool.
Vegetable contaminants often appear on the surface of wool fabrics in the form of, e.g., straw, remnants of crumbled fruit, plants, and cellulose fibers. Such contaminants spoil the appearance of fabrics, and thus, have to be removed either manually, mechanically, or chemically. When the proportion of contaminants in a fabric is low, napping of fabrics is applied, using a needle and forceps. In the textile industry, dry cleaning of scoured wool and fabrics is used in a process of carbonizing the vegetable contaminants with sulphuric acid. Fabric carbonization is carried out in a continuous or semicontinuous process, on special apparatus.
The semicontinuous method is described in the book "Wykonczalnictwo wl6kiennicze" (Textile Finishing), edit. by Wydawnictwo Przemslu Lekkiego i Spozywczego, Warszawa, 1957, pp. 68-70. The semicontinuous process consists in padding the fabric with a 3-5% solution of sulphuric acid, with an addition of about 0.5% of a wetting agent, drying at a temperature of 60-80'C, and reheating to the temperature of 105"C, scutching, neutralizing and drying the fabric. The continuous process is carried out on special apparatus.It consists in:
padding the fabric with a 2 to 8% solution of sulphuric acid for 10 to 45 minutes;
squeezing;
slow drying in the temperature of 65-70"C, to concentrate the sulphuric acid solution;
reheating in the temperature of 100-105"C, to carbonize the vegetable matter;
crushing, breaking, and crumbling up the carbonized vegetable particles.
A method of carbonizing natural or synthetic cellulose matter in the form of a mixture, or in the form of non-carbonizable contaminants of wool or of synthetic fibers, has been described in the Polish Patent
Specification No. 88724. The characteristic feature of this method consists in treating the product to be carbonized with a solution of anhydrous acid in a neutral organic solvent. Afterwards, the fabric is squeezed and dried, and, if necessary, it is beaten, rinsed and dried. An example of carbonizing a wool fabric is given in the specification. According to the example, the wool fabric is first impregnated with tetrachlorethylene, and then squeezed, with the squeezing effect of 100-150%.The impregnated fabric is then placed for 10 minutes into a chamber saturated with gaseous hydrogen chloride, and afterwards it is dried in the temperature of 120"C for 10 minutes.
Such methods of carbonization make possible an effective removal of vegetable contaminants from a fabric, but they demand specialized machinery, separate large treatment chambers, and application of measures of natural environment protection.
The present invention provides a method of removing cellulose contaminants, and other vegetable contaminants from fabrics, using the conventional machinery and equipment of dye-houses and finishing mills, and with lower concentrations of sulphuric acid. According to the present invention, cellulose and other vegetable contaminants are removed from a fabric by treating the contaminated raw fabric, after washing, or after fulling and washing, with an enzymatic preparation which contains cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes, so that the fabric is padded for 10 to 120 minutes in an enzyme bath with a cellulolytic activity of 0.5 to 6 JCMC/CM3, a pectinolytic activity of 10 to 75tPM, and a pH of 2.5 to 6, at a temperature not exceeding 60"C preferably between 40"C and 55C. Depending on the fabric pH value, the fabric can, if necessary, be wetted in an acid bath before padding with the enzymes. Then with or without squeezing excess enzymatic bath, the fabric is allowed to rest for a period of 0 to 24 h, and padded with a solution of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) of a concentration below 2% preferably 1 to 20%. Optimum padding time is strictly dependent on concentration and temperature of the solution. After padding, the fabric is squeezed, dried, and crumbled up by well-known methods. The cleared fabric may then be neutralized by well-known means, and dried.
The main advantage of the method is its wide range of application. It may be used not only with pure wool fabrics, but also fabrics containing synthetic fibers. The method does not have significant effect on the properties of fibres in the fabric, except for cellulose fibers, so that the method does not lower the strength, and organoleptic properties of the fabric. The method can be carried out with conventional machinery and equipment of dye-houses and finishing mills.
More details on the method of this invention are given in the following examples.
Example I
Clearing of a wool coat fabric after fulling and washing.
Wetting, padding and neutralization is carried out in a full width scouring machine. The fabric is wetted in a bath containing 5 cm3/dm3 of 60% CH3COOH, at the temperature of 35-C, for 30 minutes. After squeezing excess acid bath from the fabric, the fabric is padded in an enzymatic bath. An enzymatic preparation, Pektopol PT, with pectinolytic activity of 40.000"PM and cellulolytic activity of 500 JCMC cm3 is used to prepare the bath. Activity of the enzymatic bath is reduced to 5.4 JCMC cm3, and its pH value after inserting the fabric to 4.5. Padding is carried out at a temperature of 50-C for 2 hours. Then the excess enzymatic bath is squeezed from the fabric.The squeezed fabric is padded with a solution of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) with a concentration of 1.57% and temperature of 20"C for 30 minutes. Next, the fabric is squeezed again, and dried in a full-width drier at the temperature of 130"C. The running speed of the fabric should be 6m/min. In the process of drying, vegetable contaminants are crushed and partially carbonized, and thus, they can be easily removed while raising the fabric, without drawing out wool fibers.
After raising, the fabric is neutralized in a bath containing 5 g/dm3 of Na2CO3, at the temperature of 40"C, for 30 minutes. Then, the fabric is rinsed. A fabric, cleared in this way, is ready to undergo further finishing processes.
Example Il The process of clearing a raw wool coat fabric is carried out with the use of enzymatic preparation, as described in Example I.
Wetting and padding is carried out in a drying machine, and neutralization in a full-width washing machine. The fabric is wetted in a bath containing 2 cm3/dm3 of 80% CH3COOH, at temperature of 45'C. The bath is let off after 10 minutes, and the wetted fabric is padded with an enzymatic bath with cellulolytic activity of 5 JCMClcm3, and pectinolytic activity of 400"PM, at temperature of 50"C, for 2 hours. The pH value of the bath is 4.5. Then the enzymatic bath containing 0.95% concentratrion of H2SO4 is introduced.
The temperature of the bath is held at 35"C. Padding with the acidifying bath is carried out for 25 minutes. Then, the fabric is taken out, squeezed and dried in a full-width drier at temperature of 1300C. The running speed of the fabric should be 6m/min. Further treatment should be carried out as in Example I.
Example Ill The process of clearing a wool coat fabric after fulling and washing, with the use of an enzymatic preparation, is carried out according to the description in Example I. However, some parameters of the process are changed. Preparatory wetting is carried out at 40"C, for 30 minutes. After squeezing, the fabric is padded with an enzymatic bath of the same composition as in Example I. Padding is carried out as a continuous process, with simultaneous squeezing, for 10 minutes. Then, the fabric is allowed to stand for 24 hours. After resting, the fabric is padded with an acidifying bath containing 1.57% concentration of
H2SO4, at 40"C for 20 minutes. Further processes are the same as in Example I.
Example IV
Clearing of a wool coat fabric after fulling and washing is carried out with the use of an enzymatic cellulolytic preparation with cellulolytic activity of 136 JCMClem3 and pectinolytic activity of 1250"PM.
Wetting, padding and neutralization are carried out in a full-width washing machine. The fabric is wetted in a bath containing 5 cm31dm3 of 80% CH3COOH, at 40"C for 30 minutes. After squeezing the excess bath, the fabric is padded in an enzymatic bath with cellulolytic activity of 1.3 JCMClcm3, and pectinolytic acitivity of 12"PM, at 40"C. The pH value of the bath after the fabric has been introduced is 4.5. Padding lasts for 1.5 hours. After squeezing, the fabric rests for 24 hours, and then, it is padded with an acidifying bath containing 1.57% concentration of H2SO4. The temperature of the bath is 35 C, and the padding time is 30 minutes.The excess bath is squeezed from the fabric, and the fabric is dried at 130"C. The running speed of the fabric is 6m/min. The dried fabric is cleared from crumbled and partially carbonized vegetable contaminants during raising. The further treatment is as in Example
Example V
Clearing of wool coating after fulling and washing is carried out with the use of a cellulolytic, enzymatic preparation with a cellulolytic activity of 954 JCMCIcm2. Wetting, padding, and neutralization are carried out in a full-width washing machine. The fabric is wetted in a bath containing 5 cm3/dm3 of 80% CH3COOH, at 40"C for 30 minutes.After excess acidifying bath has been squeezed, the fabric is padded in a bath containing a cellulolytic preparation with a cellulolytic activity of 0.9 JCMC/cm3 and a pectinolytic activity of 10 PM, at 40"C and with a pH value, after introducing the fabric, of 4.5. The fabric is padded in a continuous process, with simultaneous squeezing. Padding time, including the time of introducing the fabric is 10 minutes. After that time, the fabric rests for 24 hours. After resting, the fabric is padded in acidified bath, containing 1.57% concentration of H2SO4. The temperature of the bath is 20:"C, and the padding time 30 minutes. Further treatment is as in previous Examples.
The clearing method described in the Example has been tested while clearing the following amounts of fabrics;
according to Example I - 400 m;
according to Example Il - 235 m;
according to Example Ill - 200 m;
according to Example IV - 1400 m;
according to Example V - 203 m.
Pectinolytic activity is determined by the method of Waber and Deuela using the Kyzlink equation with the Strmisk modification. Activity is expressed in degrees PM which is the number of litres of 0.5% pectin solution at pH 3.2 for which the viscosity can be reduced by 85% in 5 hours at 20"C using 1 kg of the pectinolytic preparation.
Cellulolytic activity is determined by measuring the reduction in viscosity of a 1% solution of carboxymethylcellulose at pH 4.7 and 30"C during 20 minutes using the method of CIIPPUNR 1966 "Protocol of the Consultation of the CMEA". The activity unit is the quantity of enzyme which reduces the viscosity of 0.15 g of carboxymethylcellulose by 25% under the assay conditions.
Claims (8)
1. Process for removing vegetable contaminants including cellulose contaminants from a fabric (other than a cellulose fabric) which comprises padding such a fabric with an enzymatic bath having a cellulolytic activity of 0.5 to 6 JCMC/cm3, a pectinolytic activity of 10 to 7500PM, a pH of 2.5 to 6, and a temperature not above 60"C for 10 to 120 minutes, allowing the fabric to stand for up to 24 hours, padding the fabric with sulphuric acid solution having a concentration below 2%, and then squeezing and drying the fabric and crumbling the contaminants.
2. Process according to claim 1 in which the fabric is washed, or fulled and washed, before padding with the enzymatic bath.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2 in which the fabric is padded with the enzymatic bath at a temperature of 40"C to 55"C.
4. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the fabric is wetted in an acid bath before padding with the enzymatic bath.
5. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in which, after the crumbling, the fabric is raised, neutralized and rinsed.
6. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in which the fabric is a woollen fabric.
7. Process according to claim 1 substantially as described in any of the foregoing Examples.
8. A fabric when decontaminated by the process of any of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL1984250993A PL143146B1 (en) | 1984-12-18 | 1984-12-18 | Method of purifying fabrics from plant and other cellulosic impurities |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8531167D0 GB8531167D0 (en) | 1986-01-29 |
| GB2168393A true GB2168393A (en) | 1986-06-18 |
| GB2168393B GB2168393B (en) | 1988-11-09 |
Family
ID=20024567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08531167A Expired GB2168393B (en) | 1984-12-18 | 1985-12-18 | A method of removing cellulose and other vegetable contaminants from fabrics |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3543501A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2168393B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1193448B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL143146B1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0271004A2 (en) * | 1986-12-08 | 1988-06-15 | Kao Corporation | Detergent composition for clothing |
| EP0290027A2 (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 1988-11-09 | Plauener Spitze Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Process for the decoration of textile fabrics |
| WO1992016685A1 (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1992-10-01 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Removal of printing paste thickener and excess dye after textile printing |
| WO1995035362A1 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1995-12-28 | Genencor International Inc. | Cleaning compositions containing plant cell wall degrading enzymes and their use in cleaning methods |
| EP0709452A1 (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1996-05-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning compositions comprising xylanases |
| WO1998024965A1 (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1998-06-11 | Novo Nordisk Biochem North America, Inc. | Alkaline enzyme scouring of cotton textiles |
| EP0896998A1 (en) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-02-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Laundry detergent compositions comprising a saccharide gum degrading enzyme |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE946881C (en) * | 1952-10-16 | 1956-08-09 | Boehme Fettchemie G M B H | Process for pre-cleaning raw cotton |
| DE2725595A1 (en) * | 1977-06-07 | 1978-12-21 | Guillot Textil Maschinen Gmbh | Enzymatic after-treatment of wool textiles after carbonisation - with cellulose-contg. solns., to degrade residual cellulosic constituents |
-
1984
- 1984-12-18 PL PL1984250993A patent/PL143146B1/en unknown
-
1985
- 1985-12-10 DE DE19853543501 patent/DE3543501A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-12-17 IT IT68064/85A patent/IT1193448B/en active
- 1985-12-18 GB GB08531167A patent/GB2168393B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0271004A2 (en) * | 1986-12-08 | 1988-06-15 | Kao Corporation | Detergent composition for clothing |
| EP0271004A3 (en) * | 1986-12-08 | 1989-03-22 | Kao Corporation | Detergent composition for clothing |
| US4978470A (en) * | 1986-12-08 | 1990-12-18 | Kao Corporation | Detergent composition for clothing: containing cellulase enzyme with non-degrading index of 500 or more |
| EP0290027A2 (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 1988-11-09 | Plauener Spitze Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Process for the decoration of textile fabrics |
| EP0290027A3 (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 1989-10-11 | Veb Plauener Spitze | Process for the decoration of textile fabrics |
| WO1992016685A1 (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1992-10-01 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Removal of printing paste thickener and excess dye after textile printing |
| US5405414A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1995-04-11 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Removal of printing paste thickener and excess dye after textile printing |
| AU704022B2 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1999-04-15 | Genencor International, Inc. | Cleaning compositions containing plant cell wall degrading enzymes and their use in cleaning methods |
| WO1995035362A1 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1995-12-28 | Genencor International Inc. | Cleaning compositions containing plant cell wall degrading enzymes and their use in cleaning methods |
| US6602842B2 (en) | 1994-06-17 | 2003-08-05 | Genencor International, Inc. | Cleaning compositions containing plant cell wall degrading enzymes and their use in cleaning methods |
| JP2008045134A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 2008-02-28 | Genencor Internatl Inc | Cleaning composition containing plant cell wall degrading enzyme, and its use in cleaning method |
| JP4680967B2 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 2011-05-11 | ジェネンコア インターナショナル インコーポレーテッド | Cleaning composition having plant cell wall degrading enzyme and its use in cleaning method |
| EP0709452A1 (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1996-05-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning compositions comprising xylanases |
| WO1998024965A1 (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1998-06-11 | Novo Nordisk Biochem North America, Inc. | Alkaline enzyme scouring of cotton textiles |
| US5912407A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1999-06-15 | Novo Nordisk Biochem North America, Inc. | Alkaline enzyme scouring of cotton textiles |
| US6551358B2 (en) | 1996-12-04 | 2003-04-22 | Novozymes A/S | Alkaline enzyme scouring of cotton textiles |
| EP0896998A1 (en) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-02-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Laundry detergent compositions comprising a saccharide gum degrading enzyme |
| WO1999009127A1 (en) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-02-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Laundry detergent compositions comprising a saccharide gum degrading enzyme |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1193448B (en) | 1988-06-22 |
| DE3543501A1 (en) | 1986-06-19 |
| GB2168393B (en) | 1988-11-09 |
| IT8568064A0 (en) | 1985-12-17 |
| PL250993A1 (en) | 1986-07-01 |
| PL143146B1 (en) | 1988-01-30 |
| GB8531167D0 (en) | 1986-01-29 |
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