GB2164784A - Nuclear fusion reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

4 coils in circle round central coil axes parallel, coplaner. Radius of outer magnetic coils equal to 0.2 meters. Radius of inner coil equal to 0.1 meters, with distance of 0.03 meters separating inner coil and outer coils. Magnetic coils contained in vacuum chamber filled with hydrogen at a pressure of 10 <3> torr (mm of mercury). Magnetic field 4 tesla in central coil, 2 tesla in four outer coils with triangular waveform superimposed swept exponentially with respect to time from 644 hertz to 4725273 hertz, with sweep period of 8.9 seconds, and magnitude of pulsed waveform starting at 1.545 x 10 <3> tesla and decreasing exponentially to 4.2 x 10 <7> tesla with decreasing period of 8.9 seconds. The hydrogen ions are accelerated in spiral orbits by the Faraday induction circular electric field generated by pulsing the four outer magnets. Collision and atomic fusion occur at magnetic mirror. The spiral orbits pass through the four outer magnetic coils. The central magnetic coil acts as a magnetic mirror. Ions change rotational direction at magnetic mirror when pulsed field changes from increasing to decreasing or vice-versa. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION The quadraswept frequency accelerating reactor Mp or mp mass of hydrogen atom 1.6725X10-27 Kg v=velocity of hydrogen ions P=pressure of hydrogen gas in vacuum chamber equal to 10-3 torr (mm of mer cury)=0. 1420161 Nm-2 (Nm-2=pascals) n=number of ions per cubic meter in vacuum chamber k=Boltzmann constant 1.3805X10-23 JK T=temperature (initial) of hydrogen gas in vacuum chamber equal to 15 C=288 Kelvin r=radius of circular orbit of hydrogen ions in steady magnetic field e=charge on electron 1.6021X10-19coulombs exp=exponential of f=frequency (instantanius) of pulsed magnetic field in the four outer magnetic coils in hertz BO=strength of (amplitude) pulsed magnetic field in four outer magnetic coils in Tesla Bs=steady magnetic field in central magnetic coil t=time in seconds In=natural logarithm 1 electron volt=1.6021X10 19 Joules of energy E=Kinetic energy of hydrogen ions in Joules L=inductance in Henrys of magnetic coil. #=magnetic flux.

,u=magnetic permiability of a vacuum=4,rX 10 7 A=area (cross sectional) of magnetic coil V voltage, N=number of turns of wire in coil.

w=angular frequency=2nf.

eO=electrical permitivity R=radius of 4 outer coils.

Hydrogen ions must have kinetic energy of 7 mega electron volts=7X106, or 7X106X1.6021X10 19 Joules, for fusion.

2E E=-21mv2, v= mp For atomic fusion to occur, hydrogen ions must have a final velocity of v final prior to collision in spiral orbit at magnetic mirror at poles of central magnet.

2X7X106X1.6021X10 '9 v final= =36620622 ms 1.6725X10 27 T=15 C=288 Kelvin initial gas temperature in vacuum chamber.

P=nKT (1), P=.3nm"9 (2)

3P @ from (2) v=# (3) nmp use (1) to sub for P in (3),

v =# 3nkT # nmp 3kT #3X1.3805X10 23X288# therefor v= = =2670.5 ms mp 1.6725X10 27 v initial (thermal velocity) of H ions=2670.5 ms' mpv mpv =Bs ev, r=- r Bse 1 .6725X 10-27X36620622 For particles at v final, r= metres B,X 1.6021 X 10-19 0.3822981 r= Bs let Bs=4 Tesla=steady field of central magnet. So r=0.096 meters=maximum radius of ion orbits in spiral path round steady central magnetic field, therefor the central magnetic coil must be larger than this.

Refering to Fig. 1 Distance travelled by ion in spiral orbit is at least D=2X2#r+2X2#2r+0.33X2#X2 meters per cycle*= 12 r#+1.32# meters per accelerating cycle.

See line 26 of description.

mpv r=-, Bs=4Tesla Bse r=2.60985X10 9 v=Kv where K=2.60985X10 9 (2) D=12#Kv+1.32# from (1) and (2). (A) D v v=-=Df, ,f= t D therefor, using (A), v v f=-= (3) D 12#Kv+1.32# So f= , therefor 12#K+1.32# V 1.327r v= from (3)(B) f -12#K erBO For the Betatron, v increase per pulse= =dv.

mp For this quadraswept f equency reactor, v increase per pulsed magnetic field cycle= 4erB mp 4erBo dvmp dv therefor Bo= = (4) mp 4er strength of pulsed magnetic field in 4 outer coils (amplitude of field).

TABLE 1 (B)from from(3) from(2) from(4) dv per dv v f r B0 cycle 2670 644 6.9X10-6 4.938 2674.938 645 6.9X10-6 4.147 2679.085 646 6.9X10-6 4.143 2683.228 647 7.0X10-6 1.54465X10-3 4.143 8295.447 2000 2.1X10 5 4.15 8299.597 2001 2.1 X 10 --6 4.15 4.155 8303.752 2002 2.1X10 9 5.1638X10-4 4.155 41509.865 10000 1.0X10 4 4.155 41514.02 10001 1.0X10 4 4.155 4.159 41518.179 10002 1.0X10 4 1.0854X10 4 4.159 208370.29 50000 5.4X 10 -4 4.19 208374.48 50001 5.4X10 4 4.18 4.18 208378.66 50002 5.4X10 4 2.02X105 4.18 846028.55 200000 2.2X10 3 4.496 5.19 846033.74 200001 3.48 846037.22 200002 5.14 846042.36 200003 3.49 846045.85 200004 5.18 846051.03 200005 2.2X10 3 5.33X10 6 4.496 4599435.8 1000000 0.012 5.075 5.4 4599441.2 1000001 5 4599446.2 1000002 4.9 4599451.1 1000003 5 4599456.1 1000004 0.0120 1.1X10 5075 7297325.4 1500000 0.019 7297325.4 1500001 12.8 7297338.2 1500002 7297338.2 1500003 12.9 7297351.1 1500004 0.019 8.8X10-7 6.45 10325668 2000000 0.0269 TABLE 1-continued (B)from from(3) from(2) from(4) dv per dv v f r B0 cycle 26 10325694 2000001 10325694 2000002 10325694 2000003 10325694 2000004 26 10325720 2000005 0.0269 6.3X107 6.5 17650523 2999994 0.046 75 17650598 2999995 0.046 17650598 3000003 75 17650673 3000004 0.046 5.3X10 7 9.375 36620471 4725250 0.0955 324 36620795 47252511 36620795 4725272 323 36621118 4725273 0.0955 4.2X10 7 15.381 1 1 f=-therefor dt=-= dt f time taken for each accelerating pulse cycle Duration of swept frequency acceleration=

So t2-t1=lnf2-Inf1=In(f2/f1) 4725273 t2-t1=ln ---- =8.9007 seconds 644 t=lnf therefor f=exp t (See Fig. 2) NB: values of f and f2 are taken from table 1.

The central magnetic coil has a steady magnetic field of 4 Tesla. The four outer magnetic coils have a steady magnetic field of 2 Tesla, with a triangular waveform pulsed magnetic field superimposed on it; the frequency of this pulsed field increasing exponentially from 644 hertz to 4725273 hertz, over a period of time of 8.9 seconds. If the steady field of the central coil produces a magnetic field of 2 Tesla at the four outer coils, then the four outer coils need not have a steady field of 2 Tesla, but just swept frequency field. The central magnet may have an iron core, but there are no cores in the 4 outer magnets. The poles of the central coil act as a magnetic mirror; the spiral orbits of the hydrogen ions passing through the 4 outer coils. All 5 magnets are in the same plane with their axes parallel contained within a vacuum chamber along with ionized hydrogen gas at a pressure of 10 3 torr. The hydrogen ions are accelerated in spiral orbits by the Faraday induction circular electric field generated by pulsing the four outer magnets.

When the ions have a high velocity of 36620622 meters per second or more, they collide together in the magnetic mirror at the poles of the central magnet; producing a nuclear fusion reaction. The central coil has an inner radius of 10 centimeters, the four outer coils have an inner radius of 20 centimeters, with a distance of 3 centimeters separating the inner coil from the 4 outer coils which are arranged in a circle. (See Fig. 1). The amplitude of the pulsed magnetic field in the four outer coils is equal to 1.545X10-3 tesla when the frequency of the pulse is 644 hertz, and the amplitude decreases exponentially to 4.2X10-7 T at the same time as the pulse frequency increases exponentially to 4725273 hertz. Fig. 2 shows the pulsed magnetic field with respect to time.With reference to Fig. 4, the betatron only accelerates the charged particles during the first quarter of the sine wave pulse applied to the magnetic coil.

However the quadraswept frequency accelerating reactor uses all quarters of each accelerating pulse cycle as shown in Fig. 5.

When the magnetic field of the triangular waveform pulse in the four outer coils is increasing, the hydrogen ions are accoelerated clockwise round the steady magnetic field in the outer coil.

When the triangular waveform field is decreasing the hydrogen ions are accelerated anticlockwise round the steady magnetic field. See Fig. 5. The change in direction of rotation of the ions is caused by the magnetic mirror at the poles of the central coil. The temperature of the gas in the vacuum chamber starts out at 15 Celcius=288 Kelvin.

For the four outer magnetic pulsed field coils: d BoAN V= - = (1), dt t ,uiN B= (2) 2R V=Lwi pin2xR2w # Lwi= 2R tn2nR So L= (3) 2 V LW 2V # i= (4) 'tn27tR X 2nf V2nz From (4) and (2) Bo= #n#r2#f2R V # Bo= (A) nR2f2 But from page 5 and from Fig. 2, f=expt V V .. Bo= = exp (-t) n7r2R22expt n#R2 See Fig. 6.

eO=8.854186X10 12 For nuclear fusion to occur Ek, kinetic energy of hydrogen ions must equal electric potential energy, Ep.

Let r=sum of nuclear radii for hydrogen=10-'4 meters.

e1 (1.6021X10-19)2 Ep= = (A) 4##or 47rX8.854186X 10-12X10-14 Ep=0.144 MeV=2.30684X 10-14 Joules.

2X2.30684X 10-14 For fusion to occur velocity, v= # # 1.67252X10 27 Ek = mpv2,

2Ek therefor v=() =5252161.4 ms-1 (B) mp Referring to table 1, to obtain v, frequency is swept from f1=644 hertz to f2=1.5X106 hertz, with sweep time from line 21 of description.

1.5X 106 sweep time=In(f2/f1)=ln# # =7.75 seconds (C) 644 k=Boltzmann constant=1.38054X10 23, temperature of hydrogen gas in vacuum chamber 150 C=288 Kelvin.

mean free path, I no. of collisions per unit length, 1 #= (D) l Each atom has collision cross section 0 #=#(2r)=4#r See Fig. 7 nsdxo area screened in slab= see Fig. 8 ns dxo probability of collision= =n#dx (E) S nodx probability number collisions per unit length= dx = n#=# (F) 11 1 mean free path, l=-=-= (G) # ha n4zr2 1 1 for particles in motion 1= = A/2na V2n4r2 Time between collisions, t=-= (H) VA V2 n4ar2 VA let VA=5252161.4 (velocity for fusion to occur) P kT P=nkT, n=-, t= (I) kT +/2P4zr25/A From equation (C) t required=7.75 seconds kT from (I) P= 2t4nr2v, pressure of hydrogen gas required to achieve means free time of 7.75 seconds 1.38054X10 23X288 P= 7/2X7.75X47rX(10 '4)2X5252161.4 P=0.0549636 Nm 2 (pascals) P=4.1226X10 4 millimeters of mercury.

The pressure of the hydrogen gas in the vacuum chamber is 4.1 X 10 4 millimeters of mercury, which is close to the value of 10 3 mm previously stated.

The figure for the kinetic energy of the H ions needed for fusion to occur has been deliberately overestimated on page 1 (the calculated value of 0.144 MeV is much less).

Claims (9)

1. I ciaim to have invented a method for producing a nuclear fusion reaction between ionized hydrogen atoms, by acceleration and subsequent collision.

2. The hydrogen is kept ionized in a vacuum chamber at a pressure of 10 3 torr, and the ions are confined to spiral orbits around a magnetic field configuration similar to the field around a bar magnet; this field created by a superconducting magnet with a field of 4 Tesla, surrounded by 4 superconducting magnets with a field of 2 Tesla, in a circle with all 5 magnets in the same plane with axes parallel (the plane being perpendicular to the axes). The central magnetic coil has an inner radius of 0.1 meters; with inner radius of 4 outer coils equal to 0.2 meters.

3. Superimposed on the outer coils are another set of four coils producing a triangular wave pulsed magnetic field swept in frequency from 644 hertz to 4725273 hertz exponentially with respect to time, with magnitude of field decreasing from 1.545X10 3 Tesla to 4.2X10 7 Tesla within a time period of 8.9 seconds. Each quarter of a cycle of the pulsed magnetic field accelerates the hydrogen ions along a spiral of electric field around the steady magnetic field; this electric field being created by Faraday induction, similar to the circular electric field produced in the betatron particle accelerator invented by Dr. Kerst of the U.S.A.

4. Although only the first quarter of a sine wave is used in the betatron for acceleration, in this quadraswept frequency accelerating reactor all quarters of the triangular wave pulsed magnetic field can be used for acceleration because the magnetic mirror at the poles of the central magnet causes the direction of rotational orbit of the ions around the magnetic field to become opposite to what it was before the ions reached the magnetic mirror.

5. The frequency of the pulsed magnetic field increases exponentially with time in order to keep in synchronization with the increasing velocity of the hydrogen ions.

6. Triangular waveforms are used in the 4 outer pulsed coils.

7. The ions collide together at high speeds in the magnetic mirror at the poles of the central magnet, causing a fusion reaction to take place.

8. The spiral orbit of the ions passes through the four outer coils therefor only the central magnet may have an iron core.

9. The temperature of the gas in the vacuum chamber starts out at 15 C=288 Kelvin.