GB2159726A - Apparatus for separating solid material in a circulating fluidized bed reactor - Google Patents
Apparatus for separating solid material in a circulating fluidized bed reactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2159726A GB2159726A GB08513916A GB8513916A GB2159726A GB 2159726 A GB2159726 A GB 2159726A GB 08513916 A GB08513916 A GB 08513916A GB 8513916 A GB8513916 A GB 8513916A GB 2159726 A GB2159726 A GB 2159726A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- vortex chamber
- reactor
- solid material
- vortex
- concentric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/38—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation or to a circulatory movement, i.e. leaving a vessel and subsequently re-entering it
- B01J8/384—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation or to a circulatory movement, i.e. leaving a vessel and subsequently re-entering it being subject to a circulatory movement only
- B01J8/388—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation or to a circulatory movement, i.e. leaving a vessel and subsequently re-entering it being subject to a circulatory movement only externally, i.e. the particles leaving the vessel and subsequently re-entering it
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
- B04C3/04—Multiple arrangement thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
- F23J2900/15026—Cyclone separators with horizontal axis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus to be used in connection with a circulating fluidized bed reactor 1 for separating solid material from the flue gases and for recycling the solid material to the reactor comprises two adjacent, mainly horizontal, concentric vortex chambers 2 and 10 of different sizes that have discharge openings 5 and 8 concentric with the vortex chambers. The vortex chamber 2 having a greater diameter is connected with the reactor via a gas inlet duct 3 that is tangentially connected with the vortex chamber. The vortex chamber 10 having a smaller diameter is equipped with a gas inlet concentric with the vortex chamber, which inlet is connected with the gas discharge opening 5 in the larger vortex chamber 2. The return ducts 6 and 11 for the separated solid material are connected with openings on the periphery of the vortex chamber. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Apparatus for separating solid material in a circulating fluidized bed reactor
The present invention relates to an apparatus, used in connection with a circulating fluidized bed reactor, for separating solid material from the flue gases of the reactor and for recycling the solids to the reactor.
It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus by which solids can efficiently be separated from the discharged flue gases of a circulating fluidized bed reactor and recycled to a desired point in the reactor.
Circulating fluidized bed technique has for a long time been applied e.g. in calcinators and recently to a larger extent in various reactors such as combustion furnaces and gasifiers. In the known applications the separation of solids is carried out in a conventional cyclone separator having a hopper-shaped bottom.
The cylindrical vortex chamber of the cyclone is provided with a gas discharge pipe which guides the gases upwards and the solids are recycled to the reactor through a stand pipe via a gas trap. The gas trap is employed to prevent reactor gases from flowing into the cyclone through the stand pipe. A mechanical trap is most commonly used as a gas trap or in more advanced applications a fluidized bed of sand in a U-pipe. Especially in high temperature reactors the solids recycling system becomes complex and expensive. Part of the air required for fluidizing the gas trap flows upwards in the stand pipe which has a detrimental effect on the separation of solids, in particular on the separation of light and fine particles. Furthermore, a rising gas flow decreases the transport capacity of the stand pipe.
As is known, a substantial underpressure and a high axial flow velocity are created in the centre of a conventional cyclone due to which the cyclone tends to such from the stand pipe. A suction flow generated in this way has usually no tangential velocity, thus almost all the solid material the flow carries with it is transported out through the centre pipe of the cyclone. A recycling system provided with a conventional cyclone is therefore very sensitive to the suction flow from the stand pipe and requires a reliable gas trap.
In steam boiler applications the use of a conventional cyclone results in disadvantageous constructions as a conventional cyclone devides the boiler into a separate combustion chamber and a convection part after the cyclone between which the equipment for recycling the solids must be installed.
Mechanical gas traps are rapidly worn in particular in hot condition and disturbances in their use are frequent.
Also applications having a conventional cyclone installed inside the reactor are known in which the whole solids recycling system is built inside the reactor. This application has, however, severe disadvantages, i.e. corrosion and erosion of the cyclone, as cooling of the supporting structure can not be arranged in a simple way. Furthermore, the system is, as also conventional cyclones, encumbered by the sensitivity to the suction flow from the stand pipe.
The object of the invention is to provide an apparatus by which the drawbacks of the devices discussed above can be avoided and good separation achieved. For this purpose two-staged or multistaged separation is employed; coarse and wearing particles are separated at low peripheral speeds in the first stage and smaller particles at high peripheral speeds in the following stages.
The apparatus according to the invention is characterized by at least two adjacent, mainly horizontal, concentric vortex chambers of different sizes having discharge openings concentric with the vortex chambers of which the vortex chamber having a smaller diameter is equipped with a gas inlet concentric with the vortex chamber, which inlet is connected with the gas discharge opening in the vortex chamber having a greater diameter.
The invention is described below more specifically with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a vertical section of an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is section of Fig. 1 along line B-B.
In the figures numeral 1 referes to a vertical circulating fluidized bed reactor from the upper portion of which the discharged flue gases are guided into the first vortex chamber 2 of the two horizontal vortex chambers of a separator 4 through a gas inlet duct 3 connected tangentially to the first vortex chamber. The solid material separated at the periphery of the first vortex chamber is discharged through an opening 5 and is recycled to the reactor via a return duct 6 connected tangentially to the vortex chamber. The second vortex chamber 10 the diameter of which is smaller is connected to a gas discharge opening 8 at the end 7 of the first vortex chamber.The solid material separated at the periphery of the second vortex chamber is discharged from the chamber through an opening on the periphery and is recycled to the reactor through a return duct 11 or is discharged from the system through a discharge duct 12.
The purified gases flow through an opening 14 in an end 1 3 of the vortex chamber 10 to a convection part 9.
As to its flow technology, a system according to the invention differs from a conventional systems e.g. in that solid material is recycled to the reactor carried by the gas flow (1 to 10% of the gases). As the solids are discharged at the periphery of the vortex chamber where the velocity of the solids is at its highest, good separation is achieved.
The construction according to the invention provides obvious structural advantages, e.g.
compact structure expansion joints are voided -the reactor can be pressurized without substantial extra costs.
Solids can be discharged from the vortex chambers via an opening extending over the whole length of the vortex chamber and a return duct connected to the opening, or via several adjacent openings and return ducts.
The return ducts may be provided with water cooled shells if the material to be recycled to the reactor is to be cooled.
The return ducts may be provided with walves whereby some of the ducts may be closed. The connection points of the return ducts to the reactor may be positioned at different heights, thus the solids can be guided to a desired point.
Claims (2)
1. An apparatus to be used in connection with a circulating fluidized bed reactor for separating solid material from the flue gases of the reactor and for recycling the solid material to the reactor, characterized in that the apparatus comprises
at least two adjacent, mainly horizontal, concentric vortex chambers of different sizes having discharge openings concentric with the vortex chambers of which the vortex chamber having a smaller diameter is equipped with a gas inlet concentric with the vortex chamber, which inlet is connected with the gas discharge opening of the vortex chamber having a greater diameter;
a gas inlet duct connected tangentially with the vortex chamber having a greater diameter and with the reactor; ;
discharge openings on the periphery of the vortex chambers to which return ducts connected with the reactor are joined for recirculation of the separated solid material.
2. An apparatus to be used in connection with a circulating fluidized bed reactor constructed and arranged to operate substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI842202A FI842202A0 (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1984-06-01 | ANCILLATION OF THE FAST MATERIAL I REACTOR WITH CIRCULAR BEDD. |
| FI844442A FI70528C (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1984-11-13 | Apparatus for separating solids in circulating bed reactor. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8513916D0 GB8513916D0 (en) | 1985-07-03 |
| GB2159726A true GB2159726A (en) | 1985-12-11 |
| GB2159726B GB2159726B (en) | 1988-03-02 |
Family
ID=26157613
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08513916A Expired GB2159726B (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1985-06-03 | Apparatus for separating solid material in a circulating fluidized bed reactor |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU557224B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1258037A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3517986A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI70528C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2159726B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE460951B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4813380A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1989-03-21 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a fluidized bed reactor apparatus |
| US4869207A (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1989-09-26 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Circulating fluidized bed reactor |
| US4900516A (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1990-02-13 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor |
| US4934281A (en) * | 1985-12-09 | 1990-06-19 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Circulating fluidized bed reactor and a method of separating solid material from flue gases |
| US5171542A (en) * | 1984-03-20 | 1992-12-15 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Circulating fluidized bed reactor |
| US5174799A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1992-12-29 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Horizontal cyclone separator for a fluidized bed reactor |
| WO1994021964A1 (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-29 | Buehler Ag | Fluidized bed |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI62468C (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-01-10 | Ahlstroem Oy | VIRVELBAEDDSREAKTOR |
-
1984
- 1984-11-13 FI FI844442A patent/FI70528C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-05-17 AU AU42611/85A patent/AU557224B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-05-18 DE DE19853517986 patent/DE3517986A1/en active Granted
- 1985-05-21 SE SE8502499A patent/SE460951B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-30 CA CA000482775A patent/CA1258037A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-06-03 GB GB08513916A patent/GB2159726B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5171542A (en) * | 1984-03-20 | 1992-12-15 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Circulating fluidized bed reactor |
| US4900516A (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1990-02-13 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor |
| US4813380A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1989-03-21 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a fluidized bed reactor apparatus |
| US4934281A (en) * | 1985-12-09 | 1990-06-19 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Circulating fluidized bed reactor and a method of separating solid material from flue gases |
| US4869207A (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1989-09-26 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Circulating fluidized bed reactor |
| US5174799A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1992-12-29 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Horizontal cyclone separator for a fluidized bed reactor |
| WO1994021964A1 (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-29 | Buehler Ag | Fluidized bed |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3517986C2 (en) | 1989-06-01 |
| SE8502499L (en) | 1985-12-02 |
| FI70528B (en) | 1986-06-06 |
| SE460951B (en) | 1989-12-11 |
| AU557224B2 (en) | 1986-12-11 |
| FI844442L (en) | 1985-12-02 |
| AU4261185A (en) | 1985-12-05 |
| FI70528C (en) | 1987-11-25 |
| FI844442A0 (en) | 1984-11-13 |
| CA1258037A (en) | 1989-08-01 |
| GB8513916D0 (en) | 1985-07-03 |
| GB2159726B (en) | 1988-03-02 |
| DE3517986A1 (en) | 1985-12-05 |
| SE8502499D0 (en) | 1985-05-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19950603 |