GB2158818A - Coated aggregate for concrete - Google Patents
Coated aggregate for concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2158818A GB2158818A GB08506392A GB8506392A GB2158818A GB 2158818 A GB2158818 A GB 2158818A GB 08506392 A GB08506392 A GB 08506392A GB 8506392 A GB8506392 A GB 8506392A GB 2158818 A GB2158818 A GB 2158818A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- aggregate
- concrete
- coating
- coated
- tests
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1018—Coating or impregnating with organic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2103/65—Water proofers or repellants
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Aggregate pellets (A) with pores (B) are coated with a coating (4) of acryl, epoxy or other waterproof adhesive agent or a paraffin agent. The use of such coated aggregate permits a substantial reduction in concrete weight. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Coated aggregate for concrete
Field of the invention:
This invention relates to a method of waterproofing aggregate. Artificial lightweight aggregate is porous, and its porosity causes following disadvantages: a) When a building material is made by mixing such porous aggregate, cement and water, the resultant concrete will be in a slump, and will be difficult to handle because the aggregate absorbs so much water therein; b) When pumping and transporting the concrete paste, additional amount of water is driven into the aggregate under pressure, and accordingly the mobility of concrete paste reduces to the extent that the transportation pipe is liable to be blocked with heavy concrete; c) When a building is made in a cold district, there is a danger of destruction due to freezing of the water contained in the porous aggregate in the concrete; and d) When an artificial lightweight aggregate is used, water-spraying over the aggregate is required before adding the aggregate to cement. Such pre-wetting work requires much care and skill.
Object of the invention:
An object of this invention is to provide a method of waterproofing aggregate which is porous in nature.
Another object of this invention is to provide an artificial, lightweight waterproof aggregate of good strength.
To attain these objects a method of waterproofing aggregate according to this invention comprises the step of bringing the porous material into contact with a coating agent such as a waterproof adhesive of acryl, epoxy and the like or a waterproof agent of paraffin.
Brief description of the drawings:
This invention will be better understood from the following description of preferred embodiments which description is made with reference to accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a coating apparatus;
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing another coating apparatus;
Figure 3 shows, in section, a part of an aggregate pellet covered with a coating material;
Figure 4 is a graphic representation of the results of water absorption test under pressure;
Figure 5 is a graphic representation of the results of water absorption test in water;
Figure 6 is a graphic representation of the results of the tests conducted according to ASTM C-666
Procedure A;
Figure 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the viscosity of a coating material and surrounding temperature;;
Figure 8 is a set of different graphs each representing the relationship between the water absorption rate of a coated aggregate and a selected factor;
Figure 9 is a graphic representation of the results of the soak tests of coated aggregates;
Figure 10 is a graphic representation showing the results of concrete pumping tests;
Figure 11 is a table showing the results of water absorption tests of a coated aggregate under-pressure;
Figure 12 is a graphic representation showing the results of abrasion tests of a coated aggregate;
Figure 13 is a graphic representation showing how concrete slump varies with post mixture time;
Figure 14 shows the results of concrete compression strenth tests;
Figure 15 shows the results of concrete stretch strength tests;
Figure 16 shows the results of concrete bending strength tests;
Figure 17 shows the results of concrete static elasticity tests;;
Figure 18 shows the results of concrete refractory tests; and
Figure 19 shows the results of tests of concrete resistance to freezing-and-melting cycles.
Description of preferred embodiments: a) Preparation of aggregate:
Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically an apparatus for preparing artificial lightweight aggregate, generally indicated at 1.
In operation Builton, Mesalite, or Asanolite is thrown in a rotary kiln 3 for sintering and expanding, and then the material is brought in a rotary cooler 2.
In the rotary cooler 2 the material "A" is cooled by water or air, and then the material "A" is discharged from the rotary cooler 2.
b) Coating treatment
Fig. 3 shows how an artificial lightweight aggregate or natural aggregate pellet is coated with a coating substance according to this invention. As shown, a porous pellet A is impregnated with the coating sub stance 4, which fills minute cracks B of the pellet.
The following explanation is directed to the coating treatment of an artificial lightweight aggregate. The coating treatment may be effected in the rotary cooler 2 or in the rotary pan (Fig. 2) which is provided at the outlet of the rotary cooler 2. Otherwise, the coating treatment may be effected by using a concrete mixer.
In case that the coating treatment is effected in the rotary cooler 2, which is equipped with a spray device 5 at the downstream part of the rotary cooler. As shown, a coating liquid 4 is sprayed over the following artificial lightweight aggregate A.
In case that the coating treatment is effected with the aid of a rotary pan, the aggregate material A in the form of pellets is conveyed to the rotary pan 5 by a belt conveyor 6, and the coating liquid 4 is sprayed over the material, as shown in Fig. 2.
The rotary pan used may be a pelletizer as used in making artificial lightweight pellets. Then, even coating is assured by controlling the rotating speed and the angle of inclination of the rotary pan.
[1] Coating aggregate pellets with an epoxy or acrylic adhesive agent or a paraffine waterproofing agent:
An epoxy or acrylic adhesive agent or a paraffin water- proofing agent may be used as a coating substance 4. These coating substances may be dissolved in a solvent, when occasion demands. Then, the coating liquid can be sprayed over lightweight aggregate. The coating liquid 4 flows in a spray tube 5 without blocking the same.
The aggregate immediately after being coated, is subjected to natural cooling, and then the coated aggregate dries, causing no sticking between pellets.
Examples of coating substances and solvents are given in the following table.
Waterproofing orAd
hesive Agents
Basic Component Trade Names Solvent
Acryl Konishi Bond Water (CA51 X) Epoxy Shipocont Water
(available from Sumitomo Kagaku)
Paraffin Sumitomo Bakelite
(VAH-4)
Vinyl Acetate- Sumitomo Flex Water
Ethylene (available from Sumitomo Kagaku)
Ethylene-Vinyl Sumi-Elite Water
Chloride (available from Sumitomo Kagaku)
Phenol Resin Sumitomo Bakelite Water
(PR51341) Water
Polyamide Resin Sumirese Resin 633 nWater
(available from Sumitomo Kagaku)
Urea Resin Sumirese Resin 614 Water
(available from Sumitomo Kagaku)
Melanine Resin Sumirese Resin 607 Water
(available from Sumitomo Kagaku) d) Effects Caused by Coating Treatment:
The following tests were effected to select coating materials appropriate for the purpose of making aggregate pellets waterproof.
(1) Water Absorption Tests under Pressure:
Fig. 4 shows the results of tests for water absorption by artificial lightweight aggregate pellets coated with different substances and water absorption uncoated by aggregate pellets under pressure.
As is apparent from the graphs given in Fig. 4, the water absorption rate of paraffin-coated aggregate relative to the absolute dry weight (ordinate) is lowest in value, and the water absorption rates of epoxycoated aggregate and acryl coated aggregate come next.
(2) Immersion Tests in Water:
Fig. 5 shows the results of immersion tests of uncoated and coated aggregates in water. As is apparent from the graphs given in Fig. 5, the water absorption rates of epoxy-, acryl- and paraffin-coated aggregates relative to absolute dry weight are proved to be small in value, compared with the water absorption rate by uncoated aggregate. This surprising effect seems to be caused by impregnation of these coating substances deep into aggregate pellets, rather than simply covering only the surface of aggregate particles.
(3) ASTM C-666 Procedure Tests:
Fig. 6 shows the results of the tests for concrete resistance to freezing-and-melting cycles according to
ASTM C-666 Procedure A in which concrete blocks are subjected to freezing-and-melting cycles six times a day at a temperature of -17.8 C to +4.4"C.
As seen from the graphs given in Fig. 6, concrete blocks containing uncoated aggregate pellets (as much water as 28 percent being contained in the fluid state for pumping and transporting) were broken after being subjected to the freezing-and-melting cycles several ten times. In contrast concrete blocks containing coated aggregate pellets were not broken at all even after being subjected to the freezing-andmelting cycles three hundred times.
(4j Compression Strength Tests:
The following table shows the results of compression strength tests.
Compression
Strength (Kg/cm2)
age : 7 days age : 28 days
No coating 534 609
(28% water absorption)
No coating 523 594
(4% water absorption)
Acryl Coating 557 637 (CA51 X) Epoxy Coating 563 645
(Shipocoat)
Paraffin Coating 531 618
(VAH-4)
The table reveals that coating does not reduce adhesion between aggregate pellets and cement and that coating is effective to increase the strength of concrete.
[II] Coating aggregate pellets with paraffin waterproofing agents:
Paraffin agents are used as a coating substance. When occasion demands, a paraffin agent is dissolved in a solvent, and then the solution is sprayed over aggregate pellets.
As shown in Fig. 1 the coating material 4 is used in the form of liquid. The spray tube 51 in the rotary cooler 2 is heated by the heat generated in the rotary cooler, and therefore there is no fear of the spray table 5 being clogged with the coating material, which is kept in the fluid state at an increased temperature.
The coating liquid is sprayed over the rolling aggregate in the rotary cooler, thereby assuring the even coating of aggregate.
For instance, VAH-4 (trade name) commercially available from Sumitomo Bakelite Company may be used as a coating material. This material is a paraffin compound, solid at room temperature having a formula CnH2n pl2 in which n is 25 to 26 (average molecular weight of about 380).
As ordinary paraffin wax having the same formula (n=19 to 70) may be used as a coating material (later described).
Aggregate pellets coated with the materials as described above are free of sticking to each other even immediately after the coating treatment. When conventional dry aggregate pellets are produced in a factory, a cloud of dust is generated, causing a public nuisance. Preparation of coated aggregate pellets according to this invention causes no trouble.
Selection of coating materials
The following tests were conducted to select coating materials appropriate for the purpose:
Water Immersion Test of Coated Aggregate;
Water Absorption Test of Coated Aggregate under Pressure;
Abrasion Test of Coated Aggregate;
Pumping-and-Transporting Test of Concrete Paste;
Compression Strength Test of Concret Stretch Strength Test of Concrete;
Bending Strength Test of Concrete;
Static Elasticity Test of Concrete;
Refractory Test of Concrete; and
Freezing-and-Melting Resistance Test of Concrete.
The Results of these tests are described as follows (1) Water Immersion Tests of Coated Aggregate Pellets:
Water absorption of following materials were determined (Fig. 9):
a) Uncoated Aggregate;
b) Aggregate Coated with Conventional Material such as Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Latex;
c) Aggregate Coated with a Paraffin according to this invention.
As is apparent from Fig. 9, the water absorption of an aggregate coated with a paraffin according to this invention is low in value, compared with those of uncoated and conventional aggregates.
(2) Water Absorption Test of Coated Aggregate under Pressure (Fig. 10)
The following aggregates were subjected to as high a pressure as 40Kg/cm2 (equal to the presumable maximum pressure in pumping concrete past) and then were released from pressure to simulate the state in which the aggregate leaves the pump.
a) Uncoated aggregate of absolute dryness;
b) Aggregate coated with a conventional material such as styrene-butadiene rubber latex;
c) Aggregate coated with a paraffin according to this invention.
The results of these tests are given in Fig. 10. As is apparent from Fig. 10, the paraffin-coated aggregate has at least water content both when pressure is applied and when pressure is released, showing little or no variation between these different states.
(3) Water Absorption Tests of Coated Aggregate under Pressure (Tests performed on Aggregate Pellets of Different Coating Thickness) (Fig. 11)
Observations were made as to how the water absorption rate varies with the thickness of coating.
Pressure was raised high to 40Kg/cm2, and the pressure was maintained for ten minutes. Then, pressure was released. The coating amount is determined in terms of percent by dividing the weight of coating by the weight of aggregate.
The tests reveal that the coating amount of one percent causes no sufficient effect and that the coating amount of two to three percent causes a good effect.
(4) Abrasion Tests of Coated Aggregate (Fig. 12)
Abrasion of coated aggregate pellets is supposed to be caused while being transported or handled.
Abrasion tests were conducted by putting coated aggregate pellets in a pot mill (16cm across and 16cm deep) and by rotating the pot mill at the rate of 8rpm for 30 minutes. The results were shown in Fig. 12, revealing that the water absorption characteristics were somewhat lowered, still showing superiority over uncoated aggregate and that there is no problem for practical use.
(5j Post-Pumping Transportation Concrete Slump Tests (Fig. 13)
These tests reveal that coating treatment according to this invention causes no effect on the slump of concrete after transportation over one hundred horizontal equivalent distance.
(6j Compression Strength Tests of Concrete (Fig. 14)
Coating treatment according to this invention was proven to cause no adverse effect on the compression strength of concrete.
(7) Stretch Strength Tests of Concrete (Fig. 15)
Coating treatment according to this invention was proven to cause no adverse effect on the stretch strength of concrete.
(8) Bending Strength Tests of Concrete (Fig. 16)
Coating treatment according to this invention was proven to cause no adverse effect on the compressing and bending strength of concrete.
(9) Elasticity Tests of Concrete (Fig. 17)
Coating treatment according to this invention was proven to cause no adverse effect on the elasticity of concrete.
(10) Refractory Tests of Concrete (Fig. 18)
Concretes containing coated aggregate and uncoated aggregate were tested to determine the compression strength and static elasticity coefficient of these concretes at an increased temperature.
Coating treatment according to this invention was proven to cause no adverse effect on these characteristics of concrete.
(11) Freezing-and-Melting Cycle Tests of Concrete (Fig. 19)
Resistance of concrete to freezing-and-melting cycles was tested according to ASTM C-666 Procedure A (freezing- and-melting in water repeated six times a day at temperature of -17.8 to +4.40C). The results of the tests are given in Fig. 19.
As seen from Fig. 19, the concrete containing uncoated aggregate of 28 percent water absorption was broken after being subjected to freezing-and-melting cycles of several tens.
In contrast the concrete containing coated aggregate according to this invention was proven to be perfect even after being subjected to as many freezing-and- melting cycles as three hundred times irrespective of post pumping transportation and pre-pumping transportation.
[1111 Other Coating Materials:
Similar tests were effected on paraffins given in the following table, and similar results were obtained.
Molecular Formula C50H,02 C22H Molecular Weight 700 320
Trade Name Hl-MIC1080 115 F Paraffin Wax
Maker Nihon Seiro Nihon Seiro
Melting Point 82-83"C 48"C Density 0.92 at 20"C 0.91 at 20"C 0.78 at 100"C 0.75 at 100"C Viscosity 16CST (100 C) 3CTS (100"C) Coating Amount 1.5-3.0% 2-4%
Temperature of 120-170"C 90-140"C Aggregate
Temperature of 130-170"C 90-130 C Coating Material [lV] Other coating materials which can be presumably used::
Paraffins (CN2,pl2) other than those mentioned above are supposed to be able to use as a coating material.
The following materials and those which have an intermediate molecular weight between the ones appearing in the following table may be used as a coating material.
Kinds Molecular Formula (n=) Melting Point ("C) Nonadecane 19 32
Docosane 22 44.4
Pantacosane 25 54
Nonacosane 29 63.5
Tritriacontane 33 71.8
Pentacontane 50 92
Heptacontane 70 105.5 (C) Conditions appropriate for coating:
Experiments were effected to find conditions appropriate for coating aggregate with a paraffin. The results of the experiments are given in Fig. 8.
The experiments were effected on a VAH-4 coated aggregate.
The water absorption by the coated aggregate under pressure and the water absorption by the coated aggregate after release of pressure were determined. Then, appropriateness in condition was estimated in terms of the remaining water content after the release of pressure.
What is taught in Fig. 8 is: a) a best result can be obtained by heating an aggregate high to the temperature of 100 to 150"C; b) an appropriate heating temperature for VAH-4 is 180 or more degrees C or 100 degrees C; c) an appropriate ratio of VAH-4 to concrete is about 2 to 3 percent (addition of aggregate of 6 or more percent reduces the binding strength between aggregate and cement, and hence the strength of the concrete); d) it suffices that aggregate and cement are mixed for five minutes, no discernible distinction being observed between the cement whose components were mixed for five minutes and the one whose components were mixed for a longer period; e) a rotary pan system appears to provide a result somewhat better than a rotary cooler system, but no great difference is discernible.
f) it is preferable that VAH-4 is added so as to distribute in cement; and g) Allowing coated aggregate to cool after coating treatment seems somewhat better than quenching coated aggregate, but no great difference is discernible.
These requirements can be easily satisfied by a rotary cooler or rotary pan system. For instance, the aggregate flowing out from a rotary cooler 2 is at a temperature of 70 to 1700C. When a coating liquid is sprayed over the aggregate at such an increased temperature, the viscosity of the solvent of the coating liquid is reduced (see Fig. 7), and therefore the coating liquid fills minute holes and cracks of aggregate pellets, thus assuring fixed coating an aggregate pellets.
Certain kinds of coating materials may be sprayed and applied to aggregate pellets at room temperature.
Advantages attributable to this invention are: a) a thin coating film on an aggregate pellet is effective to prevent absorption of water, thus assuring that water content is maintained at a given constant value in mixing coated aggregate pellets and cement; b) aggregate coated with a lightweight coating material in the form of film is lighter in weight than uncoated aggregate wetted with water by about 25 to 30 percent. Thus, a concrete building made of the concrete containing coated aggregate is lighter in weight than a concrete building made of the concrete containing uncoated aggregate by about 7 to 10 percent; c) Coated aggregate absorbs water little when no pressure is applied. Economically advantageously neither water spraying equipment nor stockyards are required, and no spraying-and-wetting work is necessitated.
d) Aggregate pellets of absolute dryness are coated, and therefore the resultant concrete has little water content. Thus, the concrete has a good resistance to the freezing-and-melting cycles to which the concrete is supposed to be subsisted in icy waters or cold districts.
el Coated aggregate pellets absorb no water while being mixed with cement or while being transported in the form of concrete paste. Therefore, the concrete is not brought in a slump, and the easiness in handling is much improved, compared with an ordinary lightweight concrete.
f) The strength of aggregate can be enhanced by selecting coating materials or by controlling the thickness of coating appropriately for the purpose.
g) The coating treatment according to this invention can be equally applied to conventional aggregate materials other than artifical lightweight aggregate.
h) Even if aggregate pellets are defective in surface, a coating material fills defective parts, covering the whole surface and making the aggregate smooth in surface and waterproof.
Claims (4)
1. Aggregate pellets for use in concrete, pellets being coated with a waterproof agent.
2. Pellets according to claim 1, wherein waterproof agent is an acryl or epoxy waterproof adhesive agent or a paraffin waterproof agent.
3. Aggregate pellets substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
4. A method of producing pellets according to any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising bringing uncoated pellets into contact with the waterproof agent.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5450284A JPS60200848A (en) | 1984-03-23 | 1984-03-23 | Aggregate coating treatment |
| JP27394684A JPS61155235A (en) | 1984-12-27 | 1984-12-27 | Waterproof treatment for aggregate |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8506392D0 GB8506392D0 (en) | 1985-04-11 |
| GB2158818A true GB2158818A (en) | 1985-11-20 |
Family
ID=26395258
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08506392A Withdrawn GB2158818A (en) | 1984-03-23 | 1985-03-12 | Coated aggregate for concrete |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2158818A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO851135L (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0199559A2 (en) * | 1985-04-23 | 1986-10-29 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for treating aggregate materials and for constructing skid-resistant road surfaces |
| US4873145A (en) * | 1984-05-31 | 1989-10-10 | Shimitzu Construction Co., Ltd. | Resin-coated aggregates |
| CN111825362A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-27 | 深圳港创建材股份有限公司 | Modification method for reducing water absorption of recycled coarse aggregate |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1113205A (en) * | 1965-08-02 | 1968-05-08 | James Howard Donnelly | Inorganic cement compositions |
| GB1254280A (en) * | 1968-04-04 | 1971-11-17 | Taylor Woodrow Const Ltd | Cementitious compositions |
| GB1265802A (en) * | 1968-04-04 | 1972-03-08 | ||
| GB1394582A (en) * | 1971-06-25 | 1975-05-21 | Kajima Corp | Decorative layer and a method of producing the same |
| GB1408083A (en) * | 1972-01-13 | 1975-10-01 | Bonntile Co | Decorative layer |
| GB1470336A (en) * | 1973-05-04 | 1977-04-14 | Nya Asfalt Ab | Process for the preparation of an impregnated building material and the product thereby obtained |
| GB1561163A (en) * | 1976-06-30 | 1980-02-13 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Use of aqueous resin solutions as binders and impregnatingagents |
| GB2080787A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1982-02-10 | Fats & Proteins Res Found | Internal sealant for concrete |
-
1985
- 1985-03-12 GB GB08506392A patent/GB2158818A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-03-21 NO NO85851135A patent/NO851135L/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1113205A (en) * | 1965-08-02 | 1968-05-08 | James Howard Donnelly | Inorganic cement compositions |
| GB1254280A (en) * | 1968-04-04 | 1971-11-17 | Taylor Woodrow Const Ltd | Cementitious compositions |
| GB1265802A (en) * | 1968-04-04 | 1972-03-08 | ||
| GB1394582A (en) * | 1971-06-25 | 1975-05-21 | Kajima Corp | Decorative layer and a method of producing the same |
| GB1408083A (en) * | 1972-01-13 | 1975-10-01 | Bonntile Co | Decorative layer |
| GB1470336A (en) * | 1973-05-04 | 1977-04-14 | Nya Asfalt Ab | Process for the preparation of an impregnated building material and the product thereby obtained |
| GB1561163A (en) * | 1976-06-30 | 1980-02-13 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Use of aqueous resin solutions as binders and impregnatingagents |
| GB2080787A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1982-02-10 | Fats & Proteins Res Found | Internal sealant for concrete |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4873145A (en) * | 1984-05-31 | 1989-10-10 | Shimitzu Construction Co., Ltd. | Resin-coated aggregates |
| EP0199559A2 (en) * | 1985-04-23 | 1986-10-29 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for treating aggregate materials and for constructing skid-resistant road surfaces |
| EP0199559A3 (en) * | 1985-04-23 | 1988-07-20 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for treating aggregate materials and for constructing skid-resistant road surfaces |
| CN111825362A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-27 | 深圳港创建材股份有限公司 | Modification method for reducing water absorption of recycled coarse aggregate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO851135L (en) | 1985-09-23 |
| GB8506392D0 (en) | 1985-04-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |