GB2155971A - Increasing the load-bearing capacity of thin-walled lining elements - Google Patents
Increasing the load-bearing capacity of thin-walled lining elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2155971A GB2155971A GB08500432A GB8500432A GB2155971A GB 2155971 A GB2155971 A GB 2155971A GB 08500432 A GB08500432 A GB 08500432A GB 8500432 A GB8500432 A GB 8500432A GB 2155971 A GB2155971 A GB 2155971A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- board
- strip
- board strip
- beveled
- edges
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
To increase the load-bearing capacity of thin-walled boards or strips used for lining elements with respect to punctiform and/or area loads acting perpendicular to the surface the edge contour of the board or board strip 26 is braced. For this purpose the longitudinal edges of the board or board strip 26 are bevelled and between the bevelled edges 28, 30 stiffening elements 32, 34, 36 inserted which act only as compression bars and on which no bending loads act. The stiffening elements 32, 34, 36 are connected only at their ends to the board or board strip 26. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method of increasing the load-bearing capacity of thin-walled lining elements
The invention relates to a method of increasing the load-bearing capacity of thin-walled plates, boards, tiles or board strips and the like, for facing or lining elements, panels or the like, with respect to punctiform and/or area loads acting perpendicular to the surface, and to lining elements made by said method.
Such boards, slabs or board strips or the like, used for example to face a facade, are exposed in particular to large wind, pressure and suction forces. The expression boards is used when the ratio of the longitudinal sides 2, i.e. when the longer side of the board is not more than twice the shorter side of the board. The term board strip is used when the ratio of the longer side to the shorter side is greater than 2. Depending on the thickness of the board or board strip the expressions stiff boards, or flexible board or absolutely flexible board or a diaphragm are used. A stiff board is when the deflection of the board centre area due to external load remains small compared with the board thickness, i.e. when the deflection is not more than 1/5 to 1/4 of the board thickness.A flexible board is one which undergoes a deflection or sagging under a load substantially of the order of the board thickness. If the deflection exceeds several times the board thickness, for example if it is 5 x the board thickness, the term absolutely flexible board or diaphragm is used.
For stiffening such a board or board strip it is known to weld to the back of the board or board strip at regular intervals a row of bolts to which then stiffening elements are firmly screwed. The welding on of the bolts impairs the appearance of the front of the plate, slab or board in a manner considered disadvantageous.
Due to their rigid securing to the board or board strip the stiffening elements are flexurally stressed when an area or punctiform force acts on the front of the board.
To accommodate these flexural stresses the stiffening elements must have correspondingly high moments of inertia or section modulus.
The problem underlying the invention is to provide a method and facing or lining elements made by said method in which stiffening elements of small cross-section can be used and there is no visual impairment of the front of the panel.
This problem is solved according to the invention in that the edge contour of the board or board strip is braced.
Since such stiffening elements engage only at the edges of the board or board strip there is no sign of any securing bolts at the visible surface of the board or board strip. The stiffening elements which engage these edges of the board or board strip are subjected only to pressure so that increased load-bearing capacity is achieved with reduced cross-section of the stiffening elements. In addition, a more uniform deformation behaviour of the board or board strip is obtained and this also contributes to improving the optical impression.
Also, this method is distinguished by significantly lower production costs.
According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention opposite edge regions of the board or board strip are beveled and between said edge regions spaced compression bars are disposed. Thus, accordingly only the edge regions of the board or board strip are anchored and no provisions are made for the face of the board or board strip.
According to an alternative embodiment at opposite edges of the board or board strip spaced-apart spacers can be secured and in each case two opposite spacers connected together via a compression bar. In this case beveling of the edge regions of the board or board strip may be dispensed with.
According to a further embodiment opposite edge regions of the board or board strip may be beveled and said bevelings anchored via tension elements to the building to be faced.
In a further development of the invention a square tube may be used as compression bar and the spacing of the compression bars or tension elements may be about 1/3 of the length of the board or board strip. As a result, with very few stiffening elements with long boards or plate strips results are obtained which are not achieved in the prior art even with numerous firmly screwed stiffening elements. Preferably, the bracing is at the long sides of the board or board strip.
A facing or lining element made according to the method of the invention consists of a plate or board or board strip with stiffening elements disposed at the rear side and is characterized according to the invention in that the opposite edges of the board or board strip are braced.
There is no connection of the board or board strip at any point of the surface, the stiffening elements acting only at the edges.
For this purpose the edges of the board or board strip may preferably be beveled and between the beveled edges spaced compression rods may be disposed. Under a pressure or suction force which may act in punctiform or area manner on the visible surface of the board such forces are introduced in the longitudinal direction into the stiffening element so that the latter is subjected only to compressive stress.
As a result the cross-section of said compression bars can be kept relatively small because no flexural stresses occur.
According to a further embodiment at opposite edges of the board or board strip spaced apart spacers are secured and in each case two opposite spacers are connected together via a compression bar. With this embodiment beveling of the edges may be dispensed with.
According to a further embodiment opposite edges of the board or board strip are beveled and the bevelings are anchored to the building at intervals via tension elements. Said tension elements are only subjected to tensile stresses and with these tensile forces once again no flexural stressing occurs.
According to a preferred embodiment the compression bar is a square tube and the spacing of the stiffening points is about 1/3 of the length of the board or board strip. If the distance from the parallel extending edges of the board or board strip is in each case 1/6 and the distance of the bracing elements from each other 1/3 of the length of the board or board strip with a board of about 5 m X 1 m only three stiffening elements are needed.
In a further development of the invention an outer shell may be provided with beveled opposite edges connected via spaced compression bars and at the inside of the lining element an inner shell can be disposed with beveled edges at all sides, the outer shell being connected to the inner shell via an allround adhesion member and between the outer shell and the inner shell an insulating material is provided. Since mineral wool cannot transmit any forces the outer shell is not fixedly connected to the inner shell via the insulating material. As a result, with such double-shell panels the problem also arises that the outer shell is exposed to high pressure and suction forces which lead to pronounced deflections or sagging thereof. For this reason stiffening is also provided of this outer shell by regularly spaced compression bars.
Examples of embodiment of the invention will be explained with the aid of the drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a rear view of a board strip with conventional stiffening elements known in the art,
Fig. 2 is a cross-section along the line ll-ll of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 shows a board strip with bracings according to the invention in the form of compression rods in rear view,
Fig. 4 is a cross-section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3,
Fig. 5 is a cross-section of a second embodiment of a stiffened board strip,
Fig. 6 is a cross-section of a third embodiment of a striffened board strip,
Fig. 7 is a cross-section through the edge region of a panel,
Fig. 8 is a plan view of the connection of a compression bar or rod to the outer shell of the panel of Fig. 1 and
Fig. 9 shows the connection of two panels with stiffenings to a facade post.
Fig. 1 shows a board strip 10 whose longest side 1 2 is more than twice as long as its shorter side 14. The board strip 10 is formed at its longitudinal edges with bevelings 16, 1 8. At the rear side at regular intervals seven rows of securing bolts 20 are provided. Said securing bolts 20 are welded to the back of the board strip 10 so that the weld points are not apparent on the visible side. However, by material deformations and material stresses area changes are noticeable in the region of said securing bolts 20. With the aid of these securing bolts 20 flexural rods 22 are screwed to the back of the board strip 10.
The board strip 26 shown in Fig. 3 has the same dimensions as that in Fig. 1. At the longitudinal edges of the board strip 26 bevelings 28 and 30 are formed. With a spacing of about 1/3 of the longer board side stiffening elements 32, 34 and 36 are disposed. These stiffening elements are connected only at their end sides to the beveled edges 28 and 30.
The securing may be via welding or screwing or rivets. The spacing of the stiffening element 32 from the upper edge of the board strip and the spacing of the stiffening element 36 from the lower edge of the board strip is about 1/6 of the length of the board strip and the spacing between the stiffening elements 32 and 34 and 34 and 36 respectively is about 1/3 of said length. In contrast to the example of embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and corresponding to the prior art for the board strip of the same length three stiffening elements are adequate and in the form of compression bars take up punctiform or area suction or pressure forces acting on the front of the board strip.
Since only three stiffening elements are connected only at their end faces to the board strips with the aid of the method according to the invention the work is far more economical and in addition the results are better.
In the example of embodiment of a board strip 40 shown in cross-section in Fig. 5 at the back thereof in the longitudinal extent of the board strip opposite spacers 42 and 44 are secured at regular intervals and are in turn connected together via a stiffening rod 46.
Said stiffening rod 46 is subjected only to compressive stress when the board strip 40 is deformed because when the board strip 40 deflects in sagging manner the edges thereof tend to approach each other. The forces which then occur are introduced in the longitudinal
direction into the stiffening rod 46.
In the example of embodiment of a board strip 48 shown in cross-section in Fig. 6 the
edges thereof are formed with bevels 50 and
52. At these edges 50 and 52 tension ele
ments 54 and 56 engage which are anchored to building elements 58 and 60. These ele
ments 54 and 56 are subjected only to tensile stress when forces acting on the board strip 48 tend to deflect the latter.
The stiffening elements shown in Figs 3 to 5 are spaced from the back of the board strip so that when a sagging deflection of the strip occurs in the direction of the stiffening elements there is no connection between the board strip and the stiffening elements so that said elements do not bend.
Fig. 7 shows in cross-section an edge portion of a panel 70 made up of an outer shell 72 and an inner shell 74.
The outer shell 72 is connected via an allround adhesion member 76 to the inner shell 74. The all-round adhesion member 76 may for example consist of a plastic. The edges of the outer shell 72 are formed with bevels 78.
Between the beveled edges 78 at appropriate intervals stiffening elements 80 are provided. Said stiffening elements consist for example of a rectangular tube having the dimensions 40 mm X 20 mm X 3 mm. At the end faces of the stiffening element 80 end plates 82 are secured which are formed with internal threads 84. The connection of the beveled edge 78 to the end plate 82 is via screws 86 inserted in the threaded bores 84.
The space between the outer shell 72 and the inner shell 74 is filled with an insulating material 88 which is not adhered to the insides of the shells 72 and 74. Said insulating material may for example be a mineral wool.
Fig. 8 shows a plan view of the stiffening element 80 which is constructed as compression bar and to the end face of which the end plate 82 is for example welded.
In the end plate threaded bores 84 are formed into which screws 86 are screwed which for this purpose pass through bores 90 made in the beveled edge 78 of the board strip 72. The securing of the stiffening element 80 to the edge 78 of the outer shell 72 may be by rivets, welding or adhesion.
Fig. 9 shows in cross-section the joint of two panels 100 and 102 at a facade post 104. The panel 100 consists of an outer shell 106 and an inner shell 108 connected together via an all-round adhesive member 11 0.
The space between the shells 106 and 108 is filled with an insulating material 11 2. The beveled edges 114 of the outer shell 106 are connected at suitable intervals together via stiffening elements 1 16. The securing of the stiffening elements may be in the manner shown in Figs 7 and 8. The panel 102 has a structure analogous to the panel 100. The panels 100 and 102 are secured via a securing stip 11 8 which bears via seals 1 20 on the outsides of the panels 100 and 102. A securing screw 1 22 presses the securing strip 11 8 against the panels 100 and 1 02. The screw 122 is screwed into a threaded bush 1 24 disposed on the post 104. At the back of the inner shell 108 a sealing strip 1 26 is provided which bears on the front of the post 104.
Claims (14)
1. Method of increasing the load-bearing capacity of thin-walled boards or strips such as facing or lining elements or panels with respect to punctiform and/or area loads acting perpendicular to the surface, characterized in that the edge contour of the board or board strip is braced.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that opposite edge regions of the board or board strip are beveled and between said edge regions spaced-apart compression bars are disposed.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that at opposite edges of the board or board strip spaced-apart spacers are secured and in each case two opposite spacers are connected together via a compression bar or rod.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that opposite edge regions of the board or board strip are beveled and said bevelings anchored at intervals via tension elements.
5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as compression bar a rectangular tube is used and that the compression bar is connected only at its ends to the board or board strip.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the spacing of the compression bars or tension elements is about 1/3 of the length of the board or the board strip.
7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that all the edge regions of the board or board strip are beveled and are welded at the corners.
8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bracings are at the long sides of the board or the board strip.
9. Lining element made by the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, consisting of a board or a board strip having stiffening elements disposed at the back, characterized in that opposite edges (28, 30) of the board or board strip (26) are braced.
10. Lining element according to claim 9, characterized in that the edges (28, 30) of the board or board strip (26) are beveled and that between the beveled edges (28, 30) spacedapart compression bars (32, 34, 36) are arranged.
11. Lining element according to claim 10, characterized in that at opposite edges of the board or board strip (40) spaced-apart spacers (42, 44) are secured and that in each case two opposite spacers (42, 44) are connected together via a compression rod (46).
1 2. Lining element according to claim 9, characterized in that opposite edges (50, 52) of the board or board strip (48) are beveled and that the bevels (50, 52) are anchored at intervals via tension elements (54, 56) to the building (58, 60).
1 3. Lining element according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the compression bar (32, 34, 36; 46) is a rectangular tube.
14. Lining element according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the spacing of the stiffening points is about 1/3 of the length of the board or board strip.
1 5. Lining element according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that an outer shell (72) with beveled opposite edges (78) is provided, that the edges (78) are connected together via spaced-apart compression bars (80), that an inner shell (74) with beveled edges at all sides is provided, that the outer shell (72) is connected to the inner shell (74) via an all-round adhesion member (76) and that between the outer and inner shells (72, 74) an insulating material (88) is disposed.
1 6. A method of increasing the loadingbearing capacity of thin-walled boards or strips, substantially as hereinbefore described.
1 7. Lining element substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs 3 and 4 or any one of Figs. 5 to 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3410210 | 1984-03-20 | ||
| DE19843415754 DE3415754A1 (en) | 1984-03-20 | 1984-04-27 | METHOD FOR INCREASING THE CAPACITY OF THIN-WALLED COVERING ELEMENTS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8500432D0 GB8500432D0 (en) | 1985-02-13 |
| GB2155971A true GB2155971A (en) | 1985-10-02 |
| GB2155971B GB2155971B (en) | 1988-06-29 |
Family
ID=25819530
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08500432A Expired GB2155971B (en) | 1984-03-20 | 1985-01-08 | Thin-walled lining plates and panel plates |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3415754A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2155971B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK7390A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG74989G (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3935949A1 (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-05-02 | Riedinger Mmm Gmbh & Co Kg | Wall cladding panels - has two flanged edges with reinforcing box sections running at right angles to the flanges |
| CN109684694B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2023-01-13 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Method for evaluating equivalent stress of uniformly distributed pressure centers borne by wall plate under simply supported condition |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB561214A (en) * | 1942-09-07 | 1944-05-10 | Vultee Aircraft Inc | Composite metal panel |
| GB885220A (en) * | 1960-04-05 | 1961-12-20 | John Crampton Andrews | A new and improved structural unit for use in the construction of a tank or the like |
| GB1272320A (en) * | 1968-09-18 | 1972-04-26 | Reynolds Metals Co | Floor constructions for animal enclosures |
| GB1514936A (en) * | 1975-09-01 | 1978-06-21 | Briggs M | Constructional beams and columns |
| GB2101174A (en) * | 1981-06-17 | 1983-01-12 | Derwent Plastics Limited | Paving systems |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1682379A (en) * | 1928-08-28 | kellett | ||
| US1603205A (en) * | 1923-01-03 | 1926-10-12 | Hastings James | Decorated metal panel |
| GB337525A (en) * | 1929-09-05 | 1930-11-06 | Herbert Leonard Plummer | Improvements in and relating to the construction of roofings, partitions and the like |
| US2272227A (en) * | 1939-11-16 | 1942-02-10 | Jesse F Thomas | Hollow panel |
| US2333600A (en) * | 1940-02-12 | 1943-11-02 | Budd Edward G Mfg Co | Panel |
| US2240487A (en) * | 1940-04-19 | 1941-05-06 | Sanymetal Products Co Inc | Panel unit |
| US2578614A (en) * | 1947-03-31 | 1951-12-11 | Sylvan Joseph | Wall construction panel |
| US3077652A (en) * | 1960-04-08 | 1963-02-19 | Superior Concrete Accessories | Panel-aligning bracket assembly for concrete forms |
| US3163961A (en) * | 1962-06-11 | 1965-01-05 | Soundiock Corp | Acoustical structure |
-
1984
- 1984-04-27 DE DE19843415754 patent/DE3415754A1/en active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-01-08 GB GB08500432A patent/GB2155971B/en not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-11-21 SG SG74989A patent/SG74989G/en unknown
-
1990
- 1990-02-01 HK HK7390A patent/HK7390A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB561214A (en) * | 1942-09-07 | 1944-05-10 | Vultee Aircraft Inc | Composite metal panel |
| GB885220A (en) * | 1960-04-05 | 1961-12-20 | John Crampton Andrews | A new and improved structural unit for use in the construction of a tank or the like |
| GB1272320A (en) * | 1968-09-18 | 1972-04-26 | Reynolds Metals Co | Floor constructions for animal enclosures |
| GB1514936A (en) * | 1975-09-01 | 1978-06-21 | Briggs M | Constructional beams and columns |
| GB2101174A (en) * | 1981-06-17 | 1983-01-12 | Derwent Plastics Limited | Paving systems |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3415754A1 (en) | 1985-09-26 |
| GB2155971B (en) | 1988-06-29 |
| HK7390A (en) | 1990-02-09 |
| SG74989G (en) | 1990-04-20 |
| GB8500432D0 (en) | 1985-02-13 |
| DE3415754C2 (en) | 1990-02-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20030108 |