GB2150176A

GB2150176A - Height-adjustable frame for leveling manhole covers, gratings and the like

Info

Publication number: GB2150176A
Application number: GB08428583A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Francis Lebaron
Original assignee: LEBARON FOUNDRY CO
Current assignee: LEBARON FOUNDRY CO
Priority date: 1983-11-14
Filing date: 1984-11-12
Publication date: 1985-06-26
Also published as: GB8508953D0; GB2155086B; GB2155086A; GB8507044D0; CA1232483A; GB2150176B; GB8428583D0

Abstract

A height-adjustable frame S for a circular or other manhole cover or grating has a support flange 4, a depending annular wall 7, and a layer 3 of friction-reducing compressible material interposed between the wall 7 and the surrounding road material 2 to facilitate lifting and repositioning of the frame (as by chain 10) when resurfacing the road. The material 3 may comprise a wrapping of sheet material (plastics or other), an applied coating or an inserted packing. The raised frame may be temporarily supported on blocks. <IMAGE>

Description

ground, or similar structure surrounding the supporting structure; Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing the supporting structure supported at a height below a desired height; Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6, showing the supporting structure suspended at the desired height above the surrounding ground or similar structure; and Fig. 8 is a view similar to Figs. 5 and 7 showing the supporting structure secured at the new desired height with a new surface level of ground, or similar structure surrounding the supporting structure.

The number 1 in Fig. 1 refers to an apparatus for providing adjustable leveling of a manhole cover M or the like within ground 2. The ground 2 may be composed of soil, rocks, pavement, brick, concrete or other similar materials. The apparatus 1 is composed essentially of a manhole, grate or similar supporting structure S, depicted in the form of an annular ring of frame, shown circularly cylindrical though other polygonic shapes. including square or rectangular, may be used, and a resilient flexible material 3 such as polyethelene or other plastic sheets, bitumen impregnated cloth or paper, roofing paper or other substantially non-porous water-impermeabie material.

The supporting structure S, commonly referred to in the art as a slab-type manhole cover support structure, has an upper flange 4 that extends radially outward from the cylindrical portion of the support structure, and is normally positioned flush with the surface of the ground 2, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or flush with a ground covering surface, as shown in Figs. 5 and 8. At the innermost edge of the upper flange 4 is a seat for receiving and supporting a manhole cover M or the like that is shown formed by a concentric cylindrical inner wall portion 5 and a concentric cylindrical internal flange 6. The height of the wall portion 5, between the upper surface of the internal flange 6 and the upper surface of the upper flange 4, is approximately equal to the thickness of the manhole cover M.Therefore, when the manhole cover M is placed in the seat it is supported by the internal flange 6 along an area about the perimeter of the manhole cover M with the top surface approximately flush with the top surface of the upper flange 4.

The supporting structure S additionally has a cylindrical sleeve 7 securely attached to the innermost portion of the internal flange 6, as shown in Fig. 1, or attached to the outermost portion of the internal flange 6 and forming a uniform cylindrical wall in conjunction with the wall portion 5, as shown in Figs. 2 through 8. Other forms are anticipated, including increased thickness and tapering cylindrical sleeves that contact the entire internal flange 6 and sleeves that taper inwards towards the center of the primarily cylindrical support structure S.

In the original installation operation, the resilient material 3 is wrapped or shaped around the cylindrical outer wall sections of the support structure S to conform to and abut the same, and a slab of ground 2 is formed around the support structure S, such as with the common practice of pouring a concrete slab around a manhole support structure, such that the resilient material 3 resists contact between the ground 2 and the support structure S. Being flexible. the resilient material 3 is normally in the form of sheets that are wrapped around the support structure S, but may be brushed, washed. sprayed or extruded on to the support structure S as necessary. The support structure S is surrounded by a hole such that the upper surface of the upper flange 4 is flush with the surface of the ground 2 or ground covering.The forming operation compresses the flexible material 3 against the walls of the hole, as seen in Figs. 1 and 2. The support structure S is then prepared to receive and support the manhole cover M as described previously.

Additionally, in view of the use of the resilient material 3. a novel installation process can be achieved. Specifically, for the original installation process, a presized hole is prepared in the ground 2 of a diameter approximately equal to the diameter of the support structure S. The flexible material 3 is then placed around the inside of the hole or around the outer circumference of the support structure S, or both (Fig. 3.). The flexible material may be placed either around the support structure or on the walls of the hole, or both, as necessary. The support structure S is then inserted into the hole such that the upper surface of the upper flange 4 is flush with the surface of the ground 2 or ground covering. This insertion compresses the flexible material, as noted above and as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.Since the flexible material 3 can compressively compensate for irregularities in the hole surface, so long as the hole is not smaller than the size of the support structure S, a proper insertion can be accomplished.

By using the flexible material 3 as a buffer between the support structure S and the ground 2, a slightly larger and irregular hole can be used to hold the support structure S, as the compressible material will fill any small spaces between the ground 2 and the support structure S and accept non-destructive compression when space is lacking. Therefore, less accurate holes in the ground 2 need to be produced to hold the support structure S then would be needed without the flexible material 3 and surface irregularities of the support structure S are absorbed.

When the level of the support structure S must be changed, for example, to facilitate SPECIFICATION Method and apparatus for adjustably levelling manhole covers grates and the like The present invention relates to support structures for roadbed manhole covers, grates and the like, being more particularly directed to a method and apparatus to extend, raise or otherwise change or adjust the level of the supporting structure and thus the manhole cover or similar device, as may be required in road re-surfacing or other wear correction applications.

This art is replete with a wide variety of structures proposed and used through many years to try to provide a facile construction and method for these and related purposes.

As examples, concentric rotational adjustment structures date back before the turn of the century, at least to United States Patent No.

638,692, with recent threaded versions appearing in United States Patent Nos.

3,629,981 and 4,075,796. Bolts and similar mechanisms for adjusting the support level are illustrated in United States Patent Nos.

2,930,295 and 3,858.998. Special inserts, including extension rings, are described in, for example, United States Patent Nos.

3,240,133; 3,331.295; 3,926,533; 4,337,005 and 4,174,183. Less cumbersome methods have been proposed such as the Ouik-RiseTM system described in a publication entitled "SEWER PRODUCTS by QWP" published by Quality Water Products, Inc., South Barre, Massachusetts. These and other similar constructions and methods have left much to be desired, apart from either requiring separate inserts or devices or relatively costly or awkward mechanisms, including threaded or specially shaped mechanisms, and often causing hazardous instability problems, such as wobbling, in the event perfect fits are not always attained or mechanisms become loosened, wear or are dislodged.Additionally, environmental conditions, primarily water seepage from the ground or other similar supporting structures, cause corrosion of the aforementioned insert structures which leads to a freezing or locking of the mechanisms and a bonding of the apparatus to the ground or other supporting structure, requiring a lengthy and expensive replacement operation.

Additionally, with many prior methods and apparatus and specifically with the conically tapered Quik-RiseTM system. noted above, the raising of the manhole cover supporting structure causes an increasing gap to be formed between the ground and the supporting structure which requires an additional complex re-centering operation to align the supporting structure within the hole during resurfacing. Also, the fit within the hole is critically dependent on the smooth and accurate formation of the walls of the hole to receive or re-receive the supporting structure.

It is to the improved solution of these problems that the present invention is accordingly directed; it being an object of the invention to provide a novel method of and apparatus for providing adjustable leveling of manhole covers, grates and the like, that shall not be subject to the above-described disadvantages and others of the prior art, but that, to the contrary, shall be relatively inexpensive, reliable and simple.

A further object is to provide an apparatus that will not buckle, pop-out, or otherwise lose structural integrity and level stability in conjunction with ground and similar structures subject to various expansion/contraction effects.

A still further object is to provide such an improved manhole cover or similar adjustablelevel support structure that does not require drastic departure from present-day types of installations, but can readily be adapted for use with a wide variety of current support structures.

Other and further objects will be explained hereinafter and are more particularly delineated in the appended claims.

In summary, the invention contemplates apparatus for providing adjustable leveling of manhole covers, grates and the like within ground and similar structures which comprises an annular ring for supporting a cover, grate and the like near its upper edge. and flexible means positioned substantially between the annular ring and the ground or similar structure, adapted to reduce the friction between the annular ring and the ground or similar structure when the annular ring is moved within the ground or similar structure in order to adjust the level of the manhole cover, grate and the like. Preferred details and best mode embodiments are hereinafter presented.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 of which is a cut-away isometric view showing a portion of a preferred supporting structure, constructed in accordance with the invention. seated within the ground or similar structure; Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing a portion of another form of preferred supporting structure seated within the ground or similar structure; Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, illustrating a portion of the removal operation of the supporting structure from the ground or similar structure; Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, showing the supporting structure held at a desired height above the original position;; Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4, showing the supporting structure secured at a new desired height with a new surface level of the re-surfacing of a roadway, the support structure S can be easily removed from the ground 2 as shown in Fig. 3. To remove the support structure S, a clamp or hook, such as L-hook 8, is secured under the internal flange 6. The L-hook 8 is attached by an eyelet 9 to a chain 10 which is drawn away from the support structure S and the ground 2 by a device such as a back-hoe or tractor (not shown). When sufficient tensile force is exerted on the chain 10, and therefore sufficient lifting force is exerted on the support structure S, the support structure S is removed from or raised in the hole, as shown in Fig. 3.

For most raising operations the desired change in height is less than the length of the cylindrical support structure. Under these circumstances, the extended cylindrical sleeve 7 retains the support structure S centered within the supporting hole during the raising and resurfacing operations without the need to resort to complicated re-positioning methods and apparatus.

When lifting force is exerted on the support structure S, frictional force exerted on the support structure S by the flexible material 3 tends to oppose the upward movement of the support structure S. The flexible material is designed to provide less frictional resistance to movement than would be obtained by a support structure-ground or support structureground covering material interface. The different frictional resistance can be obtained by using the flexible material 3 in differing constructions or by using different types of flexible materials. A preferred method of construction includes the use of two or more sheets of plastic material, such as polyurethane, that have a minimal coefficient of friction between them. Therefore, when the support structure S is raised, the plastic sheets provide minimal resistance to the lifting force.Another example that is contemplated includes the use of bitumen impregnated materials, such as paper, which include bitumen coated materials, that have a friction coefficient higher than the shear strength of the matrix material (paper or cloth) and a shear strength less than the support structure-ground friction coefficient. With this condition, the center portion of the material will shear when the support structure S is raised, while both surfaces of the material continue to engage their respective portions of the ground 2 or the support structure S, (Fig. 3, for example).

When the support structure S is raised, one or more support blocks 1 4. Fig. 4. are inserted into a gap 1 2 prior to the release of tension on the chain 10 and the removal of the L-hook 8. With the support blocks 1 4 inserted into the gap 12, the support structure S is rigidly held at the desired height. New ground covering material 13, such as concrete, asphalt, brick, soil or other similar materials, is now inserted into the gap 11, with sufficient flexible material 3 remaining in contact with the support structure S at all points to preclude the ground 2 or new ground covering material 1 3 from directly contacting the support structure S, as seen in Fig. 4.

After the new ground covering material 1 3 has obtained sufficient structural strength, the support blocks 1 4 may be removed, allowing the ground covering material to support the support structure S. Alternatively, the chain 10 could be held in tension to support the support structure S until the new ground covering material can function as a support and the support blocks 14 need not be used.

After the support structure S is properly supported, a new surface of ground covering material 15, such as concrete, asphalt, brick, soil or other similar materials, is then placed over the ground 2 such that the upper surface 1 7 of the ground covering material 1 5 is essentially flush with the upper surface of the upper flange 4 of the support structure S, as shown in Fig. 5.

Where the separating material 3 is of proper resilience and the lifting distance is not excessive. the friction alone may hold the range or frame in proper position without the help of blocks or chain or other means.

Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 6. the ground covering material 1 5 may be placed around the support structure S, prior to height readjustment, leaving a space 1 6 between the ground covering material 1 5 and the support structure S. The support structure S is then raised and supported in a manner as discussed previously, and shown in Fig. 7 (support not shown).New ground covering material 1 3 is then placed into the gap 11 and space 1 6 such that the upper surfaces 1 7 and 1 8 of the ground covering materials 1 5 and 13, respectively, are effectively flush with the upper surface of the upper flange 4, as shown in Fig. 8 After the ground covering material 1 3 has obtained sufficient structural strength to support the support structure S. any other supporting means, such as L-hook 8 and chain 10 or blocks 1 4 may be removed as explained previously.

With support structure S and manhole cover M installed in accordance with the present invention, a greater resistance to structural degradation and damage is achieved in comparison with normal manhole cover structures. Since the thermal expansion of the manhole cover support structure S and the surrounding ground 2 is rarely similar, changes in surrounding temperatures. as experienced by seasonal changes, cause different amounts of expansion and contraction in the support structure S and the ground 2.

Without the flexible material 3, expansion of the ground 2 and support structure S would tend to cause the support structure S to buckle or pop out of the ground 2, and the ground 2 to buckle and heave. Additionally, without the flexible material 3, contraction of the ground 2 and the support structure S would create a gap between the walls of the hole in the ground 2 and the outer wall portion of the support structure. reducing the structural integrity and support of the arrangement and allowing for tipping or collapsing of the manhole cover M-supporting structures.

The present invention provides a flexible material 3 as a buffer between the support structure S and the ground 2 and ground coverings 1 3 and 1 5. The flexible material can be non-destructively compressed and expanded to fill small cavities as necessary.

Therefore. with proper installation, the present invention can compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction normally encountered in the year-round continuous use of the manhole cover.

Additionally, since the flexible material 3 is a water impermeable or resistant material. the support structure S. which is normally made of metal, is protected from contact with the surrounding ground and ground water. The protection afforded by the flexible material 3 decreases the corrosion and material degradation of the support structure S and, therefore, increases its effective life. Further modifications will also occur to those skilled in this art and such are considered to fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. Apparatus for providing adjustable leveling of manhole covers, grates and the like within ground and similar structures, which comprises an annular-walled ring for supporting a cover, grate and the like near its upper edge, mechanically compressible resilient layer means shaped to conform to the wall of the annular ring, and means for disposing the layer means in the space between the outer wall of the annular ring and the ground or similar structure and abutting the said wall to reduce sliding friction between the annular ring and the ground or similar structure when the annular ring is vertically displaced within the ground or similar structure in order to adjust the level of the manhole cover, grate and the like.

2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which the said compressible resilient layer means has a shear or tensile force small compared with the force that would be needed to overcome the friction between the annular ring and the ground or similar structure.

3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which said compressible resilient layer means has a low coefficient of sliding friction compared to that of the ring if embedded directly in the ground or similar structure.

4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which said compressible resilient layer means is formed from two or more abutting sheets.

5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 and in which the forced needed to overcome the friction between the sheets is less than the force needed to overcome the friction between the annular ring and the ground or similar structure

6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which the layer means is of resilient plastic material

7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which the layer means is of bitumen-impregnated paper.

8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which the layer means is of water-impermeable material

9. A method of installing adjustable leveling manhole covers. grates and the like within ground and similar structures, which comprises. creating a hole In the ground or similar structure that is somewhat larger than the outer dimensions of a manhole cover-receiving annular ring, inserting the ring within the hole, and positioning a compressible resilient material between the interior wall of the hole and the outer wall of the annular ring. to compress the flexible material between the annular ring and the interior wall of the hole.

10. A method of adjustably leveling manhole covers. grates and the like within ground and similar structures, which comprises, raising a manhole cover receiving annular ring from the ground or similar structure, adjusting the surface level of the ground around the annular ring to a desired height, positioning a compressible material between the manhole cover receiving annular ring and the ground, and re-inserting the manhole cover-receivingannular ring into the ground in such a manner as to support the resilient material between the annular ring and the ground.

11. A method as claimed in claim 10 and in which the further steps are performed of raising the said manhole cover or grate receiving annular ring from the ground without developing appreciable lateral clearance between the ground and the ring, and inserting new support material between the flange of the ring and the ground.

1 2. A method of adjustably leveling manhole covers, grates, and the like within ground and similar structures which comprises raising a manhole cover or grate receiving annular ring without developing appreciable lateral clearance between the ground and the ring, and inserting new support material between the flange of the ring and the ground.

1 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 2 and in which the steps are performed of newly paving an area leaving working clearance around the manhole cover or grate supporting frame prior to said raising, and applying new support mateiral in the space defined by the new paving, the ground, and the said ring.

1 4. A method as claimed in claim 1 3 and in which the ring is overlifted and forced down to finished grade, thereby compacting or extruding the said new support material.

1 5. Apparatus for providing adjustable leveling of manhole covers, grates and the like within ground and similar structures substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

1 6. A method of adjustably leveling manhole covers, grates and the like within ground and similar structures substantially hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.