GB2146431A - Thermal cut-out devices for radiant heaters - Google Patents

Thermal cut-out devices for radiant heaters Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2146431A
GB2146431A GB08422674A GB8422674A GB2146431A GB 2146431 A GB2146431 A GB 2146431A GB 08422674 A GB08422674 A GB 08422674A GB 8422674 A GB8422674 A GB 8422674A GB 2146431 A GB2146431 A GB 2146431A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
out device
thermal cut
thermal
metal
reflective
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08422674A
Other versions
GB2146431B (en
GB8422674D0 (en
Inventor
Joseph Anthony Mcwilliams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Micropore International Ltd
Original Assignee
Micropore International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Micropore International Ltd filed Critical Micropore International Ltd
Publication of GB8422674D0 publication Critical patent/GB8422674D0/en
Publication of GB2146431A publication Critical patent/GB2146431A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2146431B publication Critical patent/GB2146431B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0202—Switches
    • H05B1/0216—Switches actuated by the expansion of a solid element, e.g. wire or rod
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/46—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid
    • H01H37/48—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid with extensible rigid rods or tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/746—Protection, e.g. overheat cutoff, hot plate indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H2037/326—Thermally-sensitive members with radiative heat transfer to the switch, e.g. special absorption surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/04—Heating plates with overheat protection means

Description

1 GB 2 146 431 A 1
SPECIFICATION
Thermal cut-out device for radiant heaters The present invention relates to thermal cut-out devices for radiant heaters and to radiant heaters incorporating such thermal cut-out devices.
In a radiant heater, for example for a glass ceramic top cooker, thermal energy emitted by an electric heating element or by an infra-red lamp is transmitted, partly by convection and conduction and partly by radiation, to and through the glass ceramic and is absorbed by a cooking utensil positioned on the cooking surface above the heater. It is conventional in such heaters to include a thermal cut-out device to prevent the exposed surface of the glass ceramic rising above about 600'C which could cause damage to or discolouration of the cooking surface. We have found, however, that under certain circumstances the thermal cut-out device can be caused to operate at an undesirably low temperature due to incident radiation.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a thermal cut-out device which is less sensitive to incident thermal radiation. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a radiant heater which incorporates such a thermal cut-out device.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a thermal cut-out device for a radiant heater, which thermal cut-out device comprises a probe-type thermally responsive assembly, characterised in that at least a part of the thermally responsive assembly is coated with and/or is sur- rounded by a radiant reflective material.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a radiant heater, for example for a glass ceramic top cooker, which heater comprises at least one heating element and a thermal cut-out device comprising a probe-type thermally responsive assembly which extends across the heater, characterised in that at least a part of the thermally responsive assembly is coated with and/or is surrounded by a radiation reflective mate- rial.
The heating element, for example, may be in the form of a helically coiled bare wire or may be an infra-red lamp. The heating element may be arranged on a base layer of thermally insulating material or may be supported above a reflector. A peripheral wall of thermal insulation material may surround the at least one heating element.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the thermal cut-out device includes a snap-acting switch assembly and the probe-type assembly comprises a first element of material having a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion and a second element of material having a relatively low coeff icient of thermal expansion, one of which elements is coupled with the snap-acting switch assembly.
Preferably, the thermally responsive assembly comprises a metal rod coupled with the snap-acting switch assembly and arranged within a high temperature resistant glass tube.
The metal rod may be coated with a metal such as 130 gold or a suitable element from Group VIII of the Periodic Table, or with a high temperature resistant powder, for example a metal oxide such as aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide or tin oxide. Additionally, or alternatively, the glass tube may be coated with metal or metal foil or, preferably, coated at least partly with a suitable powder. Instead of, or in addition to, coating the metal rod orthe glass tube, a radiation reflective barrier may be positioned between the metal rod and the glass tube and/or may be positioned around the glass tube. Such a barrier may be made of or may be coated with a metal such as gold or a suitable element from Group VIII of the Periodic Table or may be made of or coated with a powder such as aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide or tin oxide. For example, gold in liquid form or as a paste may be coated onto a ceramic tube made of a material such as magnesium silicate.
Instead of providing a radiation reflective barrier, the tube itself may be made of a radiation reflective particulate material.
Where the barrier orthe tube is made of or coated with a powder, the particle size of the powder is preferably of the order of the wavelength of the incident radiation. For most applications in radiant heaters, a particle size of about 1 to 2 microns is suitable. The shape of the particles is preferably relatively spherical.
The barrier or the tube is substantially opaque to incident radiation and where the particles are coated onto a substrate the thickness of the coating is preferably such as to give a depth of at least six particles.
Further, the powder material itself is preferably an effective scatter of incident radiation. We have found that relatively pure alumina, such as a material containing about 80 to 99 percent by weight alumina, is particularly suitable. A small portion of a bonding agent such as silica may be added to or incorporated in the alumina particles.
The particles may, for example, be formed into a tube, or may be coated, e.g. by spraying, onto at least a part of the thermally responsive assembly such as all or part of the glass tube and/or all or part of the metal rod.
When the particles of the powder require to be bonded to each other, this should be effected without significantly affecting the discrete nature of the particles. For example, where the bonding is effected by firing, the particulate material may be underfired. For alumina, the firing temperature is preferably in the range of from 1200 to 1400'C, most preferably about 1350'C. The firing time may be between about 10 minutes and 1 hour.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a view of a known thermal cut-out device which can be used with a radiant heater; Figure 2 shows a radiation reflective barrier between a metal rod and a glass tube of the thermal cut-out device; Figure 3 shows a radiation reflective barrier 2 GB 2 146 431A 2 around the glass tube of the thermal cut-out device; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a radiant heater which incorporates the thermal cut-out device of Figure 1; Figure 5is a plan view of the heater shown in 70 Figure 4; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a radiant heater; Figure 7 is a plan view of the heater shown in Figure 6; Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of one embodi ment of a heater which incorporates infra-red lamps; and Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heater which incorporates infra red lamps.
Figure 1 shows a thermal cut-out device for a radiant heater, the thermal cut-out device being sold under the designation 16T by Therm-0-Disc Incorpo rated of 1320 S Main Street, Mansfield, Ohio 44907,
U.S.A.
The thermal cut-out device is of the probe-type and comprises a snap-acting switch assembly 1 and a thermal actuator 2. The thermal actuator 2 corn prises a metallic rod 3 having a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion positioned within a tube 4 of glass having a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion. Thus, when the probe is heated the end 5 of the rod moves so as operate the snap-acting switch assembly 1 at a predetermined temperature and to separate the contacts 6,7 and cut off the supply of electrical energy to the heating element (not shown in Figure 1).
We have found that the sensitivity of the cut-out device to incident radiation is considerably reduced if the metallic rod is coated with a reflective material.
Suitable reflective materials include metals which are not readily oxidised at the temperatures encoun tered (about 600 to 800' C) such as gold and suitable metals form Group VIII of the Periodic Table, for example platinum and iridium, or powders which are suitable at the temperature encountered, for example metal oxides such as aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide and tin oxide.
As an alternative, or in addition, the glass tube 4 may be partly or entirely coated with a reflective material. It is, however, relatively expensive to coat glass with metals or metal foils and in this situtation it is generally preferable to coat the glass with a powder. Further, the tube 4 may be made of a material other than glass, which material is radiation reflective.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the probe of the thermal cut-out device and shows a radiation reflective barrier 30 positioned between the metal rod 3 and the glass tube 4.
Figure 3 is a similar view to that shown in Figure 2, but shows a radiation reflective barrier 31 positioned around the glass tube 4.
If desired, the thermal cut-out device may incorpo- 125 rate both radiation barriers 30 and 31. In addition, the metal rod 3 andlor the glass tube 4 may be coated with a radiation reflective material. The radiation barrier may be made of or coated with a metal such as gold or a suitable element from Group 130 VIII of the Periodic Table, but is preferably made of or coated with a powder such as aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide or tin oxide. The particles are preferably relatively spherical in shape and have a size of about 1 to 2 microns, that is to say a size of the order of the wavelength of the incident radiation to be reflected.
The particles may be coated onto a substrate, but the barrier should be opaque to incident radiation. In this respect, a coating to a depth of at least six particles is preferred.
The powder itself is preferably an effective scatter of incident radiation. For example, relatively pure alumina, such as a material containing about 80 to 99 percent by weight alumina, is suitable. A small proportion of a bonding agent sudh as silica may be added to or incorporated in the alumina particles.
Where the particles of the powder require to be bonded to each other, for example in order to make a handleable tube, this should be carried out without significantly affecting the discrete nature of the particles. This may be accomplished by firing. However, we have found that normal firing temperatures result in significant agglomeration of the particles which reduces their reflective properties. We have found that if the particles are underfired sufficient strength can still be imparted without causing excessive agglomeration. For alumina, the normal firing temperature is about 1450'C, but we have found that satisfactory radiation reflecting tubes can be produced if the firing temperature is in the range of 1200 to 1400'C, preferably about 1350'C. The firing time mayvary between about 10 minutes and 1 hour, with shorter times being preferred at higher temperatures.
The heater shown in Figures 4 and 5 is arranged beneath a glass ceramic cooking top 9 and comprises a metal dish 10 containing a base layer 11 of thermal insulation material which is formed with a pattern of grooves. Arranged in the grooves is a heating element 12 in the form of a coil of bare wire which may be secured in place, for example, by means of staples (not shown). A peripheral wall 13 of thermal insulation material surrounds the heating element 12. A thermal cut-out device 14 extends across the heater and is treated as described above to counteract the effects of incident radiation.
The heater shown in Figures 6 and 7 is similar to the one shown in Figures 4 and 5 and the same reference numerals are employed to denote similar parts. However, the heater shown in Figures 6 and 7 incorporates a radiation shield 15 which at least partly protects the thermal cut-out device from direct radiation from the heating element. The radiation shield may be moulded as part of the base layer of insulation material or may be a separate shield made, for example, from ceramic fibre. The thermal cut-out device runs along a groove formed in the upper surface of the shield in order to give maximum protection from direct radiation. However, it will be noted that the thermal cut-out device does not contact the underside of the glass ceramic cooking top 9 and neither does the shield 15. Contact with the cooking top 9 is avoided in order that the heater should be as unobstructive as possible 3 GB 2 146 431 A 3 through the glass ceramic, because contact with the glass ceramic can produce unsightly dark patches, and in order to avoid de-coupling the thermal cut-out device too effectively from the temperature of the surrounding air.
Figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment of a radiant heater arranged beneath a glass ceramic cooking top 20. The heater comprises a metal dish 21 containing a base layer 22 of thermal insulation material in which there is formed a plurality of shallow depressions. Arranged in each of the de pressions is an infra-red lamp 23. A peripheral wall 24 of thermal insulation material surrounds the lamps, and a thermal cut-out device 25 which is treated to counteract the effects of incident radiation extends across the heater. As with the embodiment of Figures 6 and 7, a radiation shield (not shown) may be used to protect the thermal cut-out device from direct radiation from the lamps 23.
Figure 9 shows a further embodiment of a radiant heater arranged beneath a glass ceramic cooking top 30. The heater comprises a reflector bowl 31 having supported therein an infra-red lamp 32. A thermal cut-out device 33 which is treated to counteract the effects of incident radiation extends across the heater. The reflector bowl 31 may have a backing of thermal insulation material.
We have found that if a radiant heater is equipped with a thermal cut-out device which is treated to counteract the effects of incident radiation, a signifi cant reduction can be achieved in the number of times the heating element, that is the wire element, or the infra-red lamp or lamps, is turned off unneces sarily.

Claims (25)

1. A thermal cut-out device fora radiant heater, which thermal cut-out device comprises a prove type thermally responsive assembly, characterised in that at least a part of the thermally responsive assembly is coated with and/or is surrounded by a radiation reflective material.
2. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the thermal cut-out device includes a snap-acting switch assembly and the probe-type assembly comprises a first element of material having a relatively high coefficient of ther mal expansion and a second element of material having a relatively low coefficient of thermal expan sion, one of which elements is coupled with the snap-acting switch assembly.
3. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the thermally responsive assembly comprises a metal rod coupled with the snap-acting switch assembly and arranged within a high temperature resistant glass tube.
4. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the metal rod is coated with a reflective metal or with a reflective high temperature 125 resistant powder.
5. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the glass tube is coated with a reflective metal or metal foil or with a reflective high temperature resistant powder. 130
6. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 3, 4 or 5, characterised in that a radiation reflective barrier is positioned between the metal rod and the glass tube.
7. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterised in that a radiation barrier is positioned around the glass tube.
8. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the radiation reflective barrier is made of or coated with a metal or a high temperature resistant particulate material.
9. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in anyone of claims 4to 8, characterised in that the reflective metal comprises gold or a suitable element from Group Vill of the Periodic Table.
10. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in any one of claims 4to 8, characterised in that the high temperature resistant powder or particulate material comprises a metal oxide.
11. Atherma(cut-out device as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the metal oxide comprises aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide or tin oxide.
12. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the thermally responsive assembly comprises a first element in the form of a metal rod coupled with the snap-acting switch assembly and arranged within a second element in the form of a tube of radiation reflective particulate material.
13. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 8 or 12, characterised in that the particle size of the particulate material is about 1 to 2 microns.
14. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 13, characterised in that the particles are substantially spherical.
15. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 13 or 14, wherein the particulate material contains about 80 to 99 percent by weight alumina.
16. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 15, characterised in that the particulate material includes a bonding agent such as silica.
17. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 15 or 16, characterised in that the particulate mate- rial is fired at a temperature in the range of from 1200 to 14000C.
18. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 17, characterised in that the firing temperature is substantially 1350'C.
19. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 17 or 18, characterised in that the particulate material is fired for a time between about 10 minutes and 1 hour.
20. A thermal cut-out device as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
21. A radiant heater which comprises at least one heating element and a thermal cut-out device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20.
22. A radiant heater as claimed in claim 21, characterised in that the at least one heating element comprises a helically coiled bare wire or an infra-red lamp.
23. A radiant heater as claimed in claim 21 or22, characterised in that the heating element is arranged 4 GB 2 146 431 A 4 on a base layer of thermally insulating material.
24. A radiant heater as claimed in claim 21 or22, characterised in that the heating element is supported above a reflector.
25. A radiant heater as claimed in anyone of claims 21 to 24, characterised in that a peripheral wall of thermal insulation material surrounds the at least one heating element.
Printed in the UK-For HMSO, D8818935,2185,7102. Published by The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC2A lAY, from which copies maybe obtained.
GB08422674A 1983-09-10 1984-09-07 Thermal cut-out devices for radiant heaters Expired GB2146431B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB838324271A GB8324271D0 (en) 1983-09-10 1983-09-10 Thermal cut-out device

Publications (3)

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GB8422674D0 GB8422674D0 (en) 1984-10-10
GB2146431A true GB2146431A (en) 1985-04-17
GB2146431B GB2146431B (en) 1988-09-07

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GB838324271A Pending GB8324271D0 (en) 1983-09-10 1983-09-10 Thermal cut-out device
GB08422674A Expired GB2146431B (en) 1983-09-10 1984-09-07 Thermal cut-out devices for radiant heaters
GB878711773A Pending GB8711773D0 (en) 1983-09-10 1987-05-19 Thermal cut-out device for radiant heaters

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB838324271A Pending GB8324271D0 (en) 1983-09-10 1983-09-10 Thermal cut-out device

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB878711773A Pending GB8711773D0 (en) 1983-09-10 1987-05-19 Thermal cut-out device for radiant heaters

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4665307A (en)
AT (1) AT398013B (en)
DE (3) DE3490432T (en)
GB (3) GB8324271D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1985001412A1 (en)

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GB1330783A (en) * 1970-02-24 1973-09-19 Gen Electric Thermally-responsive actuatros
GB2110471A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-06-15 Therm O Disc Inc Snap acting electric switch structure for thermostats or the like

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2164150A (en) * 1984-09-07 1986-03-12 Emerson Electric Co Temperature responsive actuating elements
DE3601634A1 (en) * 1985-02-27 1986-10-16 Electrovac DEVICE FOR REGULATING OR LIMITING THE TEMPERATURE OF RADIATION OR CONTACT HEATERS
GB2171795B (en) * 1985-02-27 1989-06-21 Electrovac Device for controlling or limiting the temperature of radiation- or contact-type heating elements
DE3536981A1 (en) * 1985-10-17 1987-04-23 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co OVERHEATING PROTECTION SWITCH OF A RADIATION HEATING
US5051561A (en) * 1988-05-27 1991-09-24 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant electric heaters
US5177339A (en) * 1988-05-27 1993-01-05 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant electric heaters
US5204510A (en) * 1988-05-27 1993-04-20 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant electric heaters
DE3929965A1 (en) * 1989-09-08 1991-03-14 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer TEMPERATURE SWITCH
US5113170A (en) * 1989-09-08 1992-05-12 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer Temperature switch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3490432C2 (en) 1993-08-19
AT398013B (en) 1994-08-25
US4665307A (en) 1987-05-12
GB8711773D0 (en) 1987-06-24
GB2146431B (en) 1988-09-07
DE8490143U1 (en) 1988-07-07
DE3490432T (en) 1985-12-12
WO1985001412A1 (en) 1985-03-28
ATA903084A (en) 1991-01-15
GB8422674D0 (en) 1984-10-10
GB8324271D0 (en) 1983-10-12

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