GB2141239A - Pipe testing or end forming apparatus - Google Patents
Pipe testing or end forming apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2141239A GB2141239A GB08315487A GB8315487A GB2141239A GB 2141239 A GB2141239 A GB 2141239A GB 08315487 A GB08315487 A GB 08315487A GB 8315487 A GB8315487 A GB 8315487A GB 2141239 A GB2141239 A GB 2141239A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- carriage
- frame
- movable
- pipe end
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
- G01M3/2846—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for tubes
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
Pipe testing or end forming apparatus for use in the hydrostatic testing of pipes (1) comprising a frame (4,5) and two platens (2,3), one platen (2) being attached to a carriage (6) by a double acting ram (7). Carriage (6) and platen (2) are independently provided with frame engaging means (10,11) whereby sequential operation of frame engaging means (10,11) and ram (7) can move the carriage (6) and platen (2) assembly along the frame (4,5) to clamp the pipe (1). With pipe (1) so clamped, water may be introduced through fluid inlet (21) to perform hydrostatic testing or the clamping load may be increased to form the pipe ends into sockets, spigots or the like. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Pipe testing or end forming apparatus
This invention relates to a pipe testing or end forming apparatus for use in the hydrostatic testing of pipes, usually welded pipes, and suitably also for forming the ends of such pipe into spigots, sockets or the like.
In conventional hydraulic pipe testers a pipe is tested by sealing off the ends of the pipe and pumping in water under high pressure in order to detect leakages, especially along welds in welded pipe sections. The sealing of the pipe ends is achieved by clamping the pipe between two platens, each covering and abutting a respective end. One platen is generally fixed and the other is mounted on a hydraulic ram. Large pipe diameters and high hydrostatic test pressures require the clamping force to be great, and the ability of the apparatus to produce forces of this order renders it also able to form the ends of the pipes into sockets, spigots or the like.
Where a pipe tester and end former is to be used with pipes of the same length, diameter, material and thickness, using the same hydraulic test pressure in each test, the device can be built with the optimum configuration in terms of its platen separation and the characteristics of its hydraulic ram.
However in practice a pipe tester and end former will be required to be used for a wide variety of pipe lengths, diameters and thicknesses and to form a wide variety of sockets and spigots. To handle this variety of pipes etc. has required a hydraulic ram to be used which is long enough to cover the length variations in the pipes to be tested and formed. As a result of the use of long hydraulic cylinders there have arisen problems with rigidity, slenderness ratio and with the maintaining of the platens in a truly parallel configuration. Where platens are not truly parallel there arise problems with end sealing under the high hydrostatic pressures of the tests and with misshaping of the spigots, sockets or the like formed in the pipe ends. Furthermore, the use of long hydraulic cylinders is less economical than the use of shorter hydraulic cylinders exerting the same pressure.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a pipe testing apparatus capable of testing pipes having a range of lengths and yet in which the extension of the hydraulic cylinders used to exert clamping pressure on the pipe ends needs not be greater than that range.
We have found that this objective may be achieved by the use of relatively short hydraulic cylinders engaging with the moveable platen but mounted on a carriage itself moveable parallel the pipe axis.
According to the invention we thus provide apparatus for pipe testing and/or end forming, said apparatus comprising a frame mounting a pair of pipe end engaging members adapted to compressingly receive a length of pipe therebetween for hydrostatic and/or other testing and/or end forming, wherein at least one of said members, the movable member, is movable along said frame and lockable in a desired position thereon and is connected by an expandable and contractable ram to a carriage which is also movable along said frame and lockable in a desired position thereon, whereby by selective alternate locking of said carriage and said movable member to said frame and selective alternate expansion and contraction of said ram the said carriage and said movable member may be advanced or retracted along said frame to accommodate pipe sections of differing lengths.
In the apparatus of the invention, separate driving machinery to move the movable engaging member and the carriage along the frame is thus not required.
To achieve locking engagement between the movable member and the frame, and between the carriage and the frame, the movable member and the carriage are preferably independently provided with gripping means for releasably engaging the frame to prevent movement therealong.
The gripping means on the carriage and the movable member and the ram may be operated in sequence to achieve a "caterpillar" like motion of the carriage/movable member along the frame. Thus to advance the movable pipe and engaging member towards the other pipe end engaging member the following sequence is repeated:
i) engage gripping means on carriage;
ii) release gripping means on movable pipe end engaging member;
iii) activate ram to drive movable pipe end engaging member and carriage apart;
iv) engage gripping means on movable pipe end engaging member;
v) release gripping means on carriage; and
vi) activate ram to push movable pipe end engaging member and carriage together.
To facilitate the operation of this caterpillar motion the frame is provided on a surface, suitably on both vertical sides along that length thereof along which the movable pipe end engaging member and carriage are to be movable, with a plurality of equally spaced parallel serrations which are shaped to engage with the gripping means of the movable pipe end engaging member and the carriage. The serrations are suitably formed as a solid section of metal which is welded to a side of the linking member. To minimize welding, and the resulting heat distortion, each tooth of the serrated section preferably carries securing bolts by which the section may be attached to the frame.The gripping means of the movable pipe end engaging member and the carriage will comprise a plurality of parallel teeth and means for urging these teeth into engagement with the parallel serrations and means for withdrawing the teeth from such engagement. This is simply achieved by mounting teeth of complementary dimensions and spacing to the serrations on a jaw which is mounted on a hydraulic cylinder which operates to drive the jaw towards or away from the frame. The jaws may be mounted to move in open-ended boxes rigidly welded on the carriage and movable pipe end engaging member.
Using this toothed jaw and serrated section configuration, the serration pitch is equal to the smallest step of the caterpillar movement referred to above.
To allow particularly high compression forces to be exerted on a pipe, the frame of the apparatus of the invention preferably comprises two spaced apart parallel beams, conveniently both horizontal with one disposed above the other, between which the pipe end engaging members and the carriage are disposed. In this configuration particularly good parallelism of the surfaces of the pipe end engaging members that engage with the pipe ends, the platen surfaces, can be achieved by providing serrated sections along both vertical sides of both beams of the frame and providing each of the movable pipe end engaging member and the carriage with four gripping means, e.g. hydraulically driven toothed jaws, each capable of engaging with one ofthese serrated sections.
To withstand the high compressive load under which they are placed in operation, the beams of the frame are preferably of box cross-section reinforced with I-beams. The welding of the components should be performed with edge preparation and the porosity and slag inclusion should be checked using non-destructive tests.
Similarly the pipe end engaging members should be formed to minimize deflection under high hydrostatic or metal forming loads. Deflections of less than 15 thou (0.38 mm) under loads of 2200 ton force (21.92 MN) can suitably be achieved. In a preferred configuration, the pipe end engaging members comprise thick, substantially rectangular planar, parallel steel plates capable of withstanding distortion under heavy loads. The carriage comprises a similar butthinner plate. The faces ofthe nonmovable pipe end engaging member and the carriage remote from the movable pipe end engaging member are suitably reinforced with webs in a box configuration to minimize welding and so reduce distortions resulting from heating.The opposing faces ofthe pipe end engaging members constitute pipe end engagement means and may if desired be shaped to assist forming of the pipe ends into spigots, sockets or the like. In one of these faces, suitably in that of the non-movable pipe end engaging member which conveniently is held rigidly in place relative to the frame there is preferably provided an inlet for fluid, water, for the hydrostatic testing.
To assist the caterpillar motion of the carriage/ movable pipe end engaging member assembly, this is preferably supported by trolley means. This may conveniently be realised with the use of trolley units with heavy duty bearings arranged to run along the upper surface of the frame, suitably the upper beam of the frame with the carriage and the movable pipe end engaging member being supported indepen dentlyfrom separate such units. To ensure correct alignment of the pipe end engagement means, the platen faces, these units may be guided by rails along the upper surface of the frame. The centering of the pipe to be tested or formed relative to the pipe end engagement means, the platen faces, is conveniently achieved using pipe lifting means disposed between the pipe end engaging members.Suitable as pipe lifting means are hydraulic rams positioned along the lower beam of the frame beneath the axis of the pipe end engagement means. It is also preferable to install pipe extractors along the upper beam of the frame to assist in removing the pipe after forming. These conveniently comprise chain cradles which pass about the pipe and are suspended from hydraulic rams situated on the upper surface of the upper beam of the frame and capable of upward extension to lift the formed pipe out of the forming position.
As in conventional pipe testers when the means for clamping platens about a pipe comprises a hydraulic ram, in the apparatus of the invention the pressure exerting means suitably comprises at least one hydraulic ram the piston whereof is arranged parallel to the beams of the frame. Conveniently the ram is mounted on the carriage with the extending cylinder attached to the face of the movable pipe end engaging member remote from the non-movable pipe end engaging member and positioned centrally with respect to the pipe end engagement means.
To assist in the testing and forming of pipes having a wide range of diameters, the main hydraulic cylinder may be assisted by a plurality, suitably four, of reinforcement hydraulic cylinders arranged symmetrically about the main cylinder.
These reinforcement cylinders are again conveniently mounted on the carriage but need not be attached to the movable pipe end engaging member and need not be used when the pipe size or slenderness ratio is small or the test pressure orthe forming load is low.
To permit recirculation of the water used in hydrostatic testing, the apparatus of the invention will conveniently be sited above or near a sump. In operation the pipe to be tested will first be filled with water pumped through the fluid inlet into the pipe from the sump under low pressure. To vent air from the pipe at least one of the pipe end engagement means, suitably that one provided with the fluid inlet, is provided with an air venting system. This system, besides venting air from the pipe may be used to give an indication of the water level within the pipe and once air venting is complete a high pressure pump is used to increase the water pressure in the pipe to the desired hydrostatic test level.
The efficient operation of the apparatus of the invention is considerably enhanced if the caterpillar movement of the carriage and movable pipe end engaging member is computer controlled. The sequence of operations referred to above for the caterpillar movement and the control of the introduction of low and high pressure water may readily be programmed into a computer control to ensure safety.
When the movable pipe end engaging member has travelled up to engagement with or near engagement with the end of a pipe to be tested with the other end being in or near engagement with the non-movable pipe end engaging member and when the pipe has been correctly aligned with respect to the pipe end engagement means, the computer program ensures that the gripping means of the carriage will be engaged, those of the movable pipe end engaging member will be released and the movable pipe end engaging member will be driven
into engagement with the pipe. In a preferred mode
of operation when the valve admitting water to the
pipe under low pressure is opened, a pressure switch is activated and the movable pipe end
engaging member is driven forward by a low speed
high volume hydraulic pump.When the pressure
has reached the set value of the pressure switch this forward motion is stopped leaving the pipe clamped
between the pipe end engaging members at a predetermined pressure which equals or exceeds the pressure of the water within the pipe. When the valve admitting water to the pipe under high pressure is opened, a further pressure switch is activated and the movable pipe end engaging member is driven further to clamp the pipe at the higher
pressure set by this further pressure switch.
A preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure lisa side elevation of an embodiment of the pipe testing apparatus of the invention;
Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a partial section taken through the gripping means of the apparatus of Figure 1.
Referring to Figure 1, a pipe 1 is shown clamped between the movable 2 and non-movable 3 pipe end engaging members (platens) of the apparatus.
Platen 3 is rigidly fixed at one end of parallel, horizontal beams 4 and 5. Beams 4 and 5 are rigidly constructed and are of box cross-section. Between upper 4 and lower 5 beams are disposed the moveable platen 2 and the carriage 6.
Mounted on carriage 6 are the main hydraulic ram 7 and supplementary hydraulic rams 8. Ram 7 is centrally attached to the rear face of platen 2.
The platens 2,3 and the carriage 6 each comprises a thick steel plate (those of the platens being thicker than that of the carriage) which in platen 3 and the carriage is reinforced by webs 9 arranged in box fashion. To the four corners of each of the plates of platen 2 and carriage 6 are rigidly welded open ended boxes 10 the open ends of which are adjacent the vertical sides of beams 4 and 5.
Within each box 10 is disposed a jaw unit 11 mounted on a hydraulic ram 12 to be moveable in piston fashion towards the open end of the box. The jaw unit 11 is provided on its outer face with a plurality of parallel, vertically extending equally spaced teeth 13 which are shaped to engage with the serrations 14 of the serrated section 15 which is bolted to the vertical sides of the beams 4,5.
To support the platen 2/ carriage member 6 assembly, each is provided with a trolley unit 16 which runs along guide rails 17 on the upper surface of upper beam 4.
The entire apparatus is supported by supports 18 above a sump 19 in such a manner as to keep the centre of gravity of the apparatus as low as possible.
Supports 18 also serve to prevent the platen 2/ carriage 6 assembly from overtravelling.
The sump 19 is used to contain water which is pumped by high or low pressure pumps (not shown) through pipe 20 and fluid inlet 21 in platen 3 into
pipe 1.
The pipe 1 is shown supported on hydraulic pipe
lifters 22 set in lower beam 5. On the upper beam 4
are disposed hydraulically operated pipe extractors
23 which are connected to chain cradles 24 which
pass about the pipe 1.
In Figure 2 is shown a perspective view of platen 2 with the pipe removed from the apparatus. The face
of the platen 2 shown provides the pipe end
engagement means and is shaped to assist pipe end forming.
The electric control equipment for the apparatus of
Figure 1 is not shown in the figures and is preferably
placed apart from the main body of the apparatus to
avoid wetting of components and of the computer control. Some hydraulic circuitry will however be
housed on the main body of the apparatus.
In a preferred embodiment the control apparatus is arranged so that the manual and automatic operations are controlled by separate circuitry sharing the same operator activated buttons and switchesto minimize production downtime.
The control panel preferably displays a schematic diagram of the apparatus indicating which components are activated, the running status of the microprocessor (the computer control), and the status of control valves, water pumps and motors. To permit testing and forming of pipes of differing dimensions and characteristics, the control panel should also provide control over the set pressures for the pressure switches in the pumping system so that hydraulic pressures may be varied as required.
The caterpillar motion of the platen 2 and carriage 6 assembly is achieved by following a sequence of operations (discussed above) and this sequence is preferably carried by an eprom in the microprocessorto avoid program loss on power cut out. The pneumatic control valves for the high and low pressure pumps should be designed to take in excess of the highest test pressure, suitably one and a half times that pressure, and be capable of remaining closed in cases of power failure orwhen the apparatus is switched off.
The water system may conveniently be equipped with a bypass so that water may be replenished or drained from the sump when the high and low pressure valves are shut.
In operation a pipe 1 to be tested and/or end formed is manoeuvred into position between the beams 4,5 of the apparatus with one end adjacent platen 3 and, using hydraulic pipe lifters 22, the pipe 1 is raised until its axis coincides with that connecting the centres of the pipe engaging faces of platens 2 and 3. With the caterpillar motion referred to above, the movable platen 2 is advanced to engage one end of the pipe 1 and thereafter, with carriage 6 locked in place and platen 2 urged by ram 7 against the pipe 1, water from sump 19 is introduced into the pipe 1 up to the hydrostatic testing pressure by means of pipe 20 and fluid inlet 21.
It it is desired that the ends of the pipe 1 be formed into spigots, sockets or the like then, in place of the hydrostatic testing operation, or before or after that operation, the main hydraulic ram 7 and, if required, the supplementary hydraulic rams 8 are extended and in compressing engagement with the pipe end engaging surfaces of platens 2 and 3 the ends of pipe
1 are deformed into the desired shapes.
Following hydraulic testing, water in pipe 1 is drained off into sump 19, the movable platen 2 is retracted away from engagement with the pipe end and pipe extractors 23 are activated to detach pipe 1 from platens 2 and 3. The pipe 1 tested and!or end formed is then removed from the apparatus.
The apparatus may be operated using a computerized control remote from the apparatus which will move the carriage 61 platen 2 assembly into engage
ment with pipe 1 and control the introduction of water into the pipe 1 to perform the hydrostatic testing and/or the compression of the pipe 1 to achieve pipe end forming.
Claims (13)
1. Apparatus for pipe testing andlor end forming, said apparatus comprising a frame mounting a pair of pipe end engaging members adapted to compressingly receive a length of pipe therebetween for hydrostatic and or other testing and or end forming, wherein at least one of said members, the movable member, is movable along said frame and lockable in a desired position thereon and is connected by an expandable and contractable ram to a carriage which is also movable along said frame and lockable in a desired position thereon, whereby by selective alternate locking of said carriage and said movable member to said frame and selective alternate expansion and contraction of said ram the said carriage and said movable member may be advanced or retracted along said frame to accommodate pipe sections of differing lengths.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said movable member and said carriage are independently provided with gripping means for releasably engaging said frame.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said frame is provided on a surface with a plurality of equally spaced parallel serrations shaped to engage with said gripping means of said carriage and said movable pipe end engaging member and said gripping means comprise a plurality of parallel teeth, means for urging said teeth into engagement with said serrations and means for withdrawing said teeth from said engagement.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said frame comprises two spaced apart parallel beams between which are disposed said carriage and said pipe end engaging members.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4wherein said carriage and said movable pipe end engaging member are independently provided with gripping means for releasably engaging each of said beams.
6. Apparatus as claimed in either of claims 4 and 5 wherein said ram comprises at least one hydraulic ram, the piston whereof is arranged parallel to said beams.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the opposed faces of said pipe end engaging members are shaped to form a pipe end engaged therewith under high pressure into a spigot, socket or the like.
8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 further comprising at least one pipe lifting and supporting means disposed between said pipe end engaging members.
9. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further comprising trolley means arranged to support said carriage member and said movable pipe end engaging member on said frame and to permit movement of said carriage and said pipe end engagement member along said frame.
10. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further comprising a computer control arranged to control at least the movement of said carriage and said movable pipe end engaging member.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further comprising in at least one pipe end engaging member a fluid inlet wherethrough fluid may be introduced into a pipe undergoing testing.
12. Apparatusfor pipe testing and/or end form- ing substantially as herein disclosed having a pressure exerting means mounted on an assembly capable of caterpillar motion.
13. Apparatus for pipe testing and/or end form- ing substantially as herein described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08315487A GB2141239A (en) | 1983-06-06 | 1983-06-06 | Pipe testing or end forming apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08315487A GB2141239A (en) | 1983-06-06 | 1983-06-06 | Pipe testing or end forming apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8315487D0 GB8315487D0 (en) | 1983-07-13 |
| GB2141239A true GB2141239A (en) | 1984-12-12 |
Family
ID=10543866
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08315487A Withdrawn GB2141239A (en) | 1983-06-06 | 1983-06-06 | Pipe testing or end forming apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2141239A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0990506A1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-04-05 | O'Connell, Michael | Production of lined pipes |
| CN109443661A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-08 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | A kind of quick clamping pressure testing device for flange form blowout prevention pipeline |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1079243A (en) * | 1963-06-22 | 1967-08-16 | Kocks Gmbh Friedrich | Devices for testing pipes under internal pressure |
| GB1459541A (en) * | 1973-07-25 | 1976-12-22 | Dresser Ind | Step controlled tube expander |
| GB2109118A (en) * | 1978-07-31 | 1983-05-25 | Kaiser Steel Corp | Hydrostatic pipe tester |
-
1983
- 1983-06-06 GB GB08315487A patent/GB2141239A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1079243A (en) * | 1963-06-22 | 1967-08-16 | Kocks Gmbh Friedrich | Devices for testing pipes under internal pressure |
| GB1459541A (en) * | 1973-07-25 | 1976-12-22 | Dresser Ind | Step controlled tube expander |
| GB2109118A (en) * | 1978-07-31 | 1983-05-25 | Kaiser Steel Corp | Hydrostatic pipe tester |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0990506A1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-04-05 | O'Connell, Michael | Production of lined pipes |
| CN109443661A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-08 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | A kind of quick clamping pressure testing device for flange form blowout prevention pipeline |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8315487D0 (en) | 1983-07-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |