GB2137280A - Fuel-injection system for an internal-combustion engine - Google Patents
Fuel-injection system for an internal-combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2137280A GB2137280A GB8405305A GB8405305A GB2137280A GB 2137280 A GB2137280 A GB 2137280A GB 8405305 A GB8405305 A GB 8405305A GB 8405305 A GB8405305 A GB 8405305A GB 2137280 A GB2137280 A GB 2137280A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- injection system
- nozzle
- blocking element
- spray holes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
- F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
- F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M45/086—Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/29—Fuel-injection apparatus having rotating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/46—Valves, e.g. injectors, with concentric valve bodies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A fuel-injection system for an internal-combustion engine comprises at least one injection nozzle (10) whose nozzle body (11) has several spray holes (18, 19). The fuel inlet to all spray holes is controllable by a nozzle needle (14) that is displaceably mounted on the nozzle body. At least one of the spray holes (19) is in addition controllable by an adjustable blocking element (23). The blocking element is actuatable by an adjusting element (25) in dependance upon operating parameters of the internal combustion engine and is independent of the position of the nozzle needle. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Fuel-injection system for an internal-combustion engine
This invention relates to a fuel-injection system for an internal-combustion engine comprising at least one injection nozzle whose nozzle body has several spray holes. In such systems the fuel inlet to all spray holes is often controllable through a nozzle needle displaceably mounted in the nozzle body and at least one of which spray holes is in addition controllable by an adjustable blocking element.
In a fuel-injection system of this kind the number of spray holes from which the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber of the internal-combustion engine is dependent on the position of the blocking element, so that the effective nozzle cross-section may be varied step-by-step. During part-load operation of the internal-combustion engine the effective nozzle cross-section must be small, so that the fuel pressure is high enough to ensure good atomisation and an optimal combustion of the fuel.
German patent specification OS No.
3,036,583 describes a fuel-injection nozzle in which the fuel pressure itself determines the number of spray holes which are to be effective in an injection process. In this known fuel-injection nozzle a drag needle is coupled with the nozzle needle, which controls the fuel inlet to all spray holes. This drag needle serves as a blocking element for various spray holes and releases these additional spray holes upon a certain over-pressure or overlift of the nozzle needle. Thus in this embodiment in each injection process, in principle, only a small nozzle cross-section is effective at first.
The nozzle cross-section is then increased with a delay in time, when the fuel pressure in the fuel line exceeds a given value. In this embodiment it is difficult to determine the shifting point upon which the nozzle cross-section is increased, because in this known embodiment this shifting point is dependent on the force of a spring which acts upon the nozzle needle via a lever. This is especially disadvantageous in internal-combustion engines with several injection nozzles, because a uniform, simultaneous change-over from the smaller to the larger nozzle cross-section can not be ensured because of unavoidable tolerances.This principle, in which the adjusting motion of the blocking element depends on the position of the nozzle needle and thus on the fuel pressure in the fuel line, might therefore not have the success desired as far as internal-combustion engines with several cylinders are concerned.
The present invention seeks to provide an improved fuel-injection system permitting an exact shifting behaviour of the blocking element by simple means to promote optimal combustion of fuel which is suitable for single and multi-cylinder engines.
According to the invention there is provided a fuel-injection system for an internal-combustion engine comprising at least one injection nozzle whose nozzle body has several spray holes, wherein the fuel inlet to all spray holes is controllable by a nozzle needle displaceably mounted in the nozzle body and wherein at least one of these spray holes is in addition controllable by an adjustable blocking element, characterised in that the blocking element is actuatable by an adjusting element in dependence upon operating parameters of the internal-combustion engine and independently of the position of the nozzle needle.
In a refinement of the invention a uniform shifting behaviour of the blocking elements of several injection nozzles can be achieved, when the adjustment of these blocking elements is achieved independently of parameters or designs of their respective injection nozzle. Thus in contrast to prior art device the blocking element of the present invention is adjustable independently of the position of the nozzle needle and actuated by an adjusting element which is exclusively controlled in dependence upon operating parameters of the internal-combustion engine. Due to the fact that it is possible to adjust the blocking element independently of the position of the nozzle needle it is simultaneously achieved that during full-load operation the larger nozzle cross-section is already effective, when injection begins.
It is true that from the German patent specification OS 2,943,896 a fuel-injection system is known in which the effective nozzle cross-section is controlled in dependence on technical specifications of the engine. However in this case several injection nozzles are provided which are independent of one another, whereby each injection nozzle has a nozzle needle and the adjustable blocking element controls the supply of fuel to the nozzles in the inlet lines. This type has a complicated design and requires additional mounting space.
In order that the invention and its various other preferred features may be understood more easily, some embodiments thereof will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a cross-section taken through the nozzle body of an injection nozzle for an injection system constructed in accordance with the invention,
Figure 2 is a cross-section taken through the injection nozzle as fitted in a nozzle holder,
Figure 3 is a cross-section similar to that of
Figure 1 taken through another embodiment of injection nozzle for an injection system constructed in accordance with the invention, and
Figure 4 is a cross-section taken through a nozzle-body of a third embodiment of injection nozzle for an injection system constructed in accordance with the invention.
Referring now to Figure 1, a nozzle body 11 of an injection nozzle as a whole designated 10 is provided with a fuel-inlet bore 12, which opens into fuel chamber 1 3. A nozzle needle 14 is axially displaceably mounted in the nozzle body 11. This nozzle needle 14 has in known manner an exposed annular area 1 5 in the vicinity of the fuel chamber 1 3 and a conical valve surface 16 at its front end, which conical valve surface co-operates with a valve seat 1 7 in the nozzle body 11. The nozzle body 11 has several spray holes 18 and 1 9, which are arranged offset in the axial direction.The nozzle needle 14 is lifted by the pressure of the fuel in the inlet bore 12 in known manner, so that the fuel can flow past the valve seat 1 7 to the spray holes 18 and 1 9 and from there into the combustion chamber of the internal-combustion engine. The construction and the operation of the injection nozzle 10 so far described was already known to us.
In the embodiment of Figure 1 the nozzle body 11 is provided with a bore 20 which ends in the direction of the front face 21. In this bore 20 a stop slide 22 is fittingly guided, which serves as a blocking element 23. This blocking element 23 extends through a bore 24 in the nozzle needle 14 and is guided at least in sections. This blocking element can be adjusted in the axial direction of the nozzle body 11 by an adjusting element 25 formed by a magnet which has only been shown schematcially in Figure 1. During part-load operation of the internalcombustion engine this blocking element is intended to occupy the position shown in
Figure 1. In this position the spray hole 19, which is foremost in the direction of supply, is blocked.During full-load operation the blocking element 23 is moved by adjusting element 25 in the direction of arrow P, from the part-load position shown into a full-load position. The adjusting lift H is chosen such that in the full-load position this foremost spray hole 1 9 is opened. Thus during full-load operation the number of spray holes opened and, at the same time, the effective nozzle crosssection is greater than in part-load operation.
It will be appreciated that the adjusting motion of the blocking element 23 is completely independent of the position of the nozzle needle 1 4. During full-load operation the blocking element 23 can therefore continuously occupy its full-load position, so that the larger nozzle cross-section is already effective when injection begins. Furthermore as this has been indicated in Figure 1-the blocking element 23 is driven by an adjusting element 25 which is controlled by a circuit 26, to whose inputs 27 switching signals are conducted which depend on operating parameters of the internal-combustion engine, for example the rotational speed.Figure 1 indicates that this circuit 26 can also control adjusting elements 25' of other injection nozzles, so that the blocking elements of all injection nozzles are controlled simultaneously and the blocking elements actuated thereby all occupy the same shifting position.
Figure 2 shows the assembly of the nozzle body as illustrated in Figure 1 with a nozzle holder 30. The nozzle body 11 is screwed onto the nozzle holder 30 by means of a union nut 31. In the nozzle holder 30 is guided in an axially displaceable manner a hollow stilt 32, which is supported on an adjusting screw 34 via a pressure spring 33 which urges the nozzle needle 14 onto the valve seat 1 7. The desired opening pressure of the injection valve can be adjusted by the adjusting screw 34. The nozzle holder 30 is provided with a fuel channel 35 which leads to the fuel-inlet bore 12 in the nozzle body 11.
As figure 2 shows, the blocking element 23 is much longer than the nozzle body 11 and extends through a bore in the stilt 32 as well as through the pressure spring 33 and the adjusting screw 34. The adjusting element 25 (of Figure 1), not shown in Figure 2 acts upon this blocking element 23 on the side of the pressure spring 33 facing the nozzle body 10.
It would for example be conceivable to integrate this adjusting element into the adjusting screw 34 or to combine it as a structural unit with this adjusting screw. Figure 2 is intended to illustrate that an injection nozzle designed in accordance with the invention has a similar basic construction to known types of injection nozzles and thus existing mass produced parts can be used to a large extent. Furthermore, this injection nozzle does not need more space, as the adjusting motion of the adjusting element 25 is transmitted to the stop slide 22 through axial bores in various parts of the injection nozzle 10.
In the embodiment of Figure 3 the blocking element 23 has a conical valve surface 40 which cooperates with a further valve seat 41 on the nozzle body 11. This valve seat 41 is positioned between two spray holes 18 and 1 9 offset in the axial direction. These spray holes can, moreover, have cross-sections of different sizes as shown in Figure 3.
By comparison of the embodiments of Figures 1 and 3 it can be seen that in the type according to Figure 1 the blocking element is adjusted into the operating position in the direction of fuel supply, while in the embodiment according to Figure 3 the blocking element 23 is brought into its operating position in a direction opposite to the direction of fuel supply, in which operating position it also opens the spray hole 1 9. Under certain cir
cumstances therefore the embodiment of Fig
ure 3 requires a more efficient adjusting ele
ment than is needed for the embodiment of
Figure 1.On the other hand the embodiment
of Figure 3 has the advantage that the front -spray hole 19 is better sealed in the rest
position of the blocking element 23, while for the embodiment of Figure 1 certain leakage
losses cannot be completely excluded, that
means that fuel can flow out of the bore 20 or the front spray hole 1 9 in the rest position also.
Figures 4 a and 4 b show cross-sectional views through an alternative nozzle body 11
in a plane in which several spray holes 1 8 and 19 are arranged relatively offset in a circumferential direction. In this embodiment a blocking element 23 is designed as a rotary element which in the shifting position accord
ing to Figure 4 a, corresponding to part
loading of the internal combustion engines opens all spray holes, but in the shifting position according to Figure 4 b, corresponding to full loading of the internal combustion engine the rotary element 23 blocks four spray holes.
Figure 1 illustrated diagrammatically that an electromagnet can be used as an adjusting element. However, hydraulic or pneumatic adjusting elements can also be, used instead of this electromagnet. Adjusting elements of all injection nozzles may be simultaneously controlled via a signal which is exclusively dependent on specifications of the internal-combustion engine and not as in the prior art on the fuel pressure in the respective injection nozzle.
Claims (12)
1. A fuel-injection system for an internalcombustion engine comprising at least one injection nozzle whose nozzle body has several spray holes, wherein the fuel inlet to all spray holes is controllable by a nozzle needle displaceably mounted in the nozzle body and wherein at least one of these spray holes is in addition controllable by an adjustable blocking element, characterised in that the blocking element (23) is actuatable by an adjusting element (25) in dependence upon operating parameters of the internal-combustion engine and independently of the position of the nozzle needle (14).
2. A fuel-injection system as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the blocking element (23) is adjustable in the axial direction of the nozzle body (11), in that the nozzle body (11) is provided with at least two offset spray holes (18, 1 9) and that at least the spray hole (1 9), which is the foremost in the direction of supply, is controllable by the blocking element (23).
3. A fuel-injection system as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the nozzle body (11) has a bore (20), from which the spray holes (18, 1 9) extend and are relatively offset in the axial direction, and that the blocking element (23) is a stop slide (22) sealingly fitting and guided in this bore (20).
4. A fuel-injection system as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the nozzle body (11) has a bore (20) opening into a front face (21).
5. A fuel-injection system as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the stop slide (22) is displaceable in the direction of fuel supply from a part-load position, in which at least one spray hole (19) is blocked, into a full-load position.
6. A fuel-injection system as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the nozzle body (11) has a bore (20) with a valve seat (41) between two spray holes (18, 1 9) relatively offset in the axial direction and that the blocking element has a conical valve surface (40) co-operating with the valve seat (41) and is displaceable into the full-load position in a direction opposite to the direction of fuel supply.
7. A fuei-injection system as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the blocking element (23) is formed as a rotary element so as to control spray holes (19) which are relatively offset in a circumferential direction.
8. A fuel-injection system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the blocking element (23) is guided in a bore (24) of the nozzle needle (14), extends through a pressure spring (33) acting upon the nozzle needle (14) and is mechanically connected with an adjusting element (25) beyond the pressure spring (33).
9. A fuel-injection system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the adjusting element (25) operates mechanically.
10. A fuel-injection system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the adjusting element (25) operates hydraulically.
11. A fuel-injection system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the adjusting element (25) operates pneumatically.
12. A fuel-injection system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the adjusting element (25) operates electromechanically.
1 3. A fuel-injection system for an internal combustion engine substantially as described herein with reference to the drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833311138 DE3311138A1 (en) | 1983-03-26 | 1983-03-26 | FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8405305D0 GB8405305D0 (en) | 1984-04-04 |
| GB2137280A true GB2137280A (en) | 1984-10-03 |
| GB2137280B GB2137280B (en) | 1987-09-23 |
Family
ID=6194806
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8405305A Expired GB2137280B (en) | 1983-03-26 | 1984-02-29 | Fuel-injection system for an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59180063A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3311138A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2543224A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2137280B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0171031A2 (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1986-02-12 | L'orange Gmbh | Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine |
| GB2281940A (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-22 | Lucas Ind Plc | I.c. engine fuel injector |
| EP0853195A1 (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 1998-07-15 | Zexel Corporation | Fuel injection nozzle |
| EP0984159A2 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-03-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel injector with stroke limitation |
| WO2002033248A3 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-08-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve |
| WO2005026526A1 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2005-03-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines |
| WO2006077472A1 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-07-27 | Deyang Hou | Mixed-mode fuel injector with a variable orifice |
| DE102008014251A1 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-17 | Man Diesel Se | Injection valve for direct injection |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6036772A (en) * | 1983-08-10 | 1985-02-25 | Diesel Kiki Co Ltd | Fuel injection valve |
| EP0147026A3 (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-08-14 | Osamu Matsumura | Fuel injection apparatus |
| AT391352B (en) * | 1986-01-23 | 1990-09-25 | Steyr Daimler Puch Ag | AIR COMPRESSING, SELF-IGNITION INJECTION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH A FLAME STARTING DEVICE |
| DE4017391C2 (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1993-10-07 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Injection cross-section-controlled injection nozzle for air-distributed fuel injection in an air-compressing internal combustion engine |
| JPH0527725A (en) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-02-05 | Fujita Corp | Message output device |
| DE4203343C1 (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1993-05-19 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | IC engine fuel injection nozzle - has combustion chamber facing openings or spray holes coverable by peripheral closure wall parts |
| JPH10184495A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-14 | Zexel Corp | Fuel injection control method by variable nozzle hole type fuel injection nozzle |
| FR2857702B1 (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-09-09 | Renault Sa | FUEL INJECTOR FOR CONTROLLABLE FLOW ENGINE |
| EP2098782A1 (en) | 2007-12-02 | 2009-09-09 | Beru Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for operating flame ignition devices, exhaust gas purification devices of internal combustion engines (exhaust gas particulate filters) in particular for heavy goods vehicles, congeneration units or Stirling engines |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1200202A (en) * | 1966-10-28 | 1970-07-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Improvements in fuel injection valves for internal combustion engines |
| GB1593112A (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1981-07-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
| GB1598577A (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1981-09-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH165935A (en) * | 1931-11-14 | 1933-12-15 | Bosch Robert Ag | Injection device for internal combustion engines. |
| CH622588A5 (en) * | 1977-09-01 | 1981-04-15 | Sulzer Ag | |
| CH636409A5 (en) * | 1979-03-01 | 1983-05-31 | Sulzer Ag | Injection valve on a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine |
| DE2948451A1 (en) * | 1979-12-01 | 1981-06-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injector for IC engine - has push rod upstream of valve determining cross=section of injection openings |
-
1983
- 1983-03-26 DE DE19833311138 patent/DE3311138A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1984
- 1984-02-29 GB GB8405305A patent/GB2137280B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-12 FR FR8403753A patent/FR2543224A1/en active Pending
- 1984-03-23 JP JP5458884A patent/JPS59180063A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1200202A (en) * | 1966-10-28 | 1970-07-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Improvements in fuel injection valves for internal combustion engines |
| GB1593112A (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1981-07-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
| GB1598577A (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1981-09-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0171031A2 (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1986-02-12 | L'orange Gmbh | Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine |
| EP0171031A3 (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1987-04-22 | L'orange Gmbh | Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine |
| GB2281940A (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-22 | Lucas Ind Plc | I.c. engine fuel injector |
| EP0853195A1 (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 1998-07-15 | Zexel Corporation | Fuel injection nozzle |
| EP0984159A2 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-03-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel injector with stroke limitation |
| EP0984159A3 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2003-01-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel injector with stroke limitation |
| WO2002033248A3 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-08-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve |
| WO2005026526A1 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2005-03-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines |
| WO2006077472A1 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-07-27 | Deyang Hou | Mixed-mode fuel injector with a variable orifice |
| DE102008014251A1 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-17 | Man Diesel Se | Injection valve for direct injection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3311138A1 (en) | 1984-10-04 |
| JPS59180063A (en) | 1984-10-12 |
| FR2543224A1 (en) | 1984-09-28 |
| GB2137280B (en) | 1987-09-23 |
| GB8405305D0 (en) | 1984-04-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |