GB2131936A - A cooling tunnel for articles which are coated with chocolate paste or similar pastes - Google Patents

A cooling tunnel for articles which are coated with chocolate paste or similar pastes Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2131936A
GB2131936A GB08330824A GB8330824A GB2131936A GB 2131936 A GB2131936 A GB 2131936A GB 08330824 A GB08330824 A GB 08330824A GB 8330824 A GB8330824 A GB 8330824A GB 2131936 A GB2131936 A GB 2131936A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
cooling
channel
air
cooling channel
conveying belt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08330824A
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GB2131936B (en
GB8330824D0 (en
Inventor
Hans Protze
Eckhard Hubner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nagema VEB
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Nagema VEB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nagema VEB filed Critical Nagema VEB
Publication of GB8330824D0 publication Critical patent/GB8330824D0/en
Publication of GB2131936A publication Critical patent/GB2131936A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2131936B publication Critical patent/GB2131936B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G7/00—Other apparatus or process specially adapted for the chocolate or confectionery industry
    • A23G7/02—Cooling or drying apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23L3/361—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the materials being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules, or flakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
    • F25D13/06—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • F25D13/067—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space with circulation of gaseous cooling fluid

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)

Abstract

A cooling tunnel for cooling articles which are coated with chocolate paste or similar pastes, comprises a base plate 3, side walls and a cover plate 5 and through which a conveying belt 12 is guided in the longitudinal direction, the tunnel having a bottom cooling channel 13 and an upper cooling channel, and a fan 8 and cooler 9 for passing cooled air through both channels in the same direction which is either counter-current or concurrent to the conveying direction of the conveying belt 12. As shown, the side walls of the cooling channels 2, 13 are provided at one end of the channels with cooled air inlet ports 14, 15 and at the other end, with air outlet ports 16, 17. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION A cooling channel for articles which are coated with chocolate paste or similar pastes The invention relates to a cooling channel for articles which are coated with chocolate paste or similar pastes by using contact/convection and contact/radiation cooling, the channel consisting of one or several channel sections which are provided with heat-insulating jackets and which each have an axial-flow fan with an associated air cooler and a cooling tunnel which is formed of a base plate, side walls and a cover plate and through which there is passed in the longitudinal direction a conveying belt which slides on the base plate and on which the articles to be cooled are placed and which divides the cooling tunnel for contact cooling into a bottom cooling channel, which is located beneath the base plate, and into a convection cooling channel for cooling the article top.While the articles lying coated on the conveying belt are conveyed through the cooling channel sections, they are simultaneously cooled to below the solidification temperature by the extraction of heat from the chocolate paste coating which has been applied in a liquid state by, for example, a coating machine.
For attaining the shortest possible cooling times, the generally known constructions of cooling channels use a combination of the radiation cooling and the convection cooling for removing the heat from the top, on the one hand, and the contact cooling for removing the heat from the bottom part of the articles, on the other hand.
A known cooling apparatus of this kind consists of a cooling tunnel having a radiation cooling zone at the inlet end and a downstream air-cooled zone, in which an air flow is maintained. The upper side of the air-permeable conveying belt for transporting the material to be cooled through the tunnel is carried by an air cushion and the air flow, formed by the cooling air jets, in the aircooled zone is directed downwardly on the pieces lying on the conveying belt. This combined radiation/convection cooling channel requires a large quantity of air for producing both the cooling air cushion and the cooling air jets for convection cooling, which leads to an increase of the operating costs.Furthermore, the possible deformation of the conveying belt carried by the cooling air cushion has a detrimental effect on the intensive bottom contact with the articles, thus impairing the bottom cooling in the outlet area of the cooling channel (DE PS 1 757 120).
There is also known a cooling channel for combined radiation, contact and convection cooling wherein the cooling of the material is effected in two cooling zones. This cooling channel comprises a base plate, which divides the channel over its entire length into an upper cooling chamber and a lower cooling chamber and on which the conveying belt slides, and at least two cold-air units, which are provided with fans and are located centrally beneath the cooling channel, as well as a blackened absorption cooling plate arranged in the upper cooling chamber above the conveying belt.For cooling the material, the cold air is blown by one cooling unit in the direction that is opposite to that of the conveying belt into a first cooling zone in the lower cooling chamber and through lateral inlet air shafts into the upper cooling chamber part which is located above the absorption cooling plate and is returned through lateral return air shafts to the cooling unit. In this first cooling zone, the bottom of the material is thus cooled according to the counter-flow principle and the top thereof is cooled according to the concurrent flow principle.
In the second cooling zone of the channel, which is identical in construction with the first zone with the exception of the missing absorption cooling plate, the cold air emitted by the other cooling unit is passed in the opposite direction through the lower and upper cooling chambers. The cooling of the material is thus effected in the reverse manner, that is to say the bottom of the material is cooled according to the concurrent flow principle and the top thereof is cooled according to the counter-flow principle. Although this cooling channel renders possible the provision of cooling zones, the different cooling of the top and bottom of the material within a cooling zone has a detrimental effect on the coating quality as a result of the oppositely directed flows of cooling air above and beneath the conveying belt (DE AS 2 322 918).
It is the object of the invention to ensure a constant coating quality of the articles with technically short cooling periods and the rational use of energy.
The task underlying the invention is to form from sections a cooling channel in which, during the passage of the articles, the article top and the article bottom are cooled in the same sense inside each section according to the same cooling principle, with air that is conducted either in a counter-flow or in a concurrent flow to the conveying direction of the conveying belt.
According to the invention, the problem is solved in that there is associated with the convection cooling channel and the bottom cooling channel of the cooling tunnel another air channel which is divided by a partition into a pressure chamber and a suction chamber and in that the two side walls of the cooling tunnel are provided with air inlet ports, which lead into the pressure chamber and are arranged one above the other, at one end of the channel section directly above and beneath the conveying belt and with air outlet ports, which open into the suction chamber, at the other end thereof in an identical arrangement.
Another feature is to the effect that the suction chamber with the air cooler and the pressure chamber with the axial-flow fan are arranged so as to lie one behind the other and extend over the entire length of the channel section. Furthermore, provision has been made for the opposite air inlet ports and air outlet ports arranged on either side above the conveying belt in the side walls are of identical size and have the cross section of the air inlet ports and air outlet ports respectively located therebeneath. Another feature in this regard is the fact that the air inlet ports and the air outlet ports are rectangular in shape.
In a further development of the invention, provision is made for contact/radiation cooling for the side walls of the cooling tunnel to be provided with air inlet ports and air outlet ports only beneath and on either side of the conveying belt and for an air baffle plate, which extends into the suction chamber and the pressure chamber, to be inserted beneath the air cooler and the axialflow fan and for the partition to be interrupted in the area of its central portion between the air baffle plate and the cover plate, located therebeneath, of the cooling tunnel for the formation of a secondary cooling channel. This also includes the feature that the air baffle plate extends over the entire width of the channel section.
The advantages attained with the invention consist particularly in that the article top and the article bottom are cooled in the same sense within a cooling channel section, either energy-effectively in a counter-flow or gently in a concurrent flow.
The invention will hereinafter be explained in more detail with the aid of two exemplified embodiments. In the accompanying drawings, the direction of passage of the cooling air and that of the conveying belt are marked by arrows.
In the drawings: figure 1 shows a channel section for contact/convection cooling in a longitudinal section, Figure 2 shows a cross section along the line A-A in Fig. 1, Figure 3 shows a channel section for contact/radiation cooling in a longitudinal section, and Figure 4 shows a cross section along the line B-B in Fig. 3.
As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the channel section for contact/convection cooling consists of the base insulation 1 as well as of the cooling tunnel which is formed by the base plate 3, the side walls 4; 4' and the cover plate 5 The air channel which, for guiding the return air, is formed as the suction chamber 6 and the pressure chamber 6' extends above the cover plate 5 over the entire length of the channel section. The suction charnber and the pressure chamber, which lie one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, are separated by the partition 7 and the axialflow fan 8, with which the air cooler 9 is associated. The channel section is provided with the cover hood 10 as the top heatinsulating seal. The conveying belt 12, on which the articles 11 to be cooled have been placed, slides on the base plate 3 in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 1.Between the base insulation 1 and the base plate 3 there extends the bottom cooling channel 1 3 and the convection cooling cnannel 2 which is formed above the conveying belt 1 2 in the zone of the cooling tunnel. The two side walls 4; 4' of the cooling tunnel are provided with the air inlet ports 14 and the air inlet ports 1 5 at one end of the channel section in the zone of the pressure chamber 6' directly above and beneath the conveying belt 1 2. At the other end of the channel section, the side walls 4; 4' of the cooling tunnel have in the same way air outlet ports 16; 1 7 in the zone of the suction chamber 6 above and beneath the conveying belt 12, as can be seen in detail in Fig. 2.
The arrangement of the air inlet ports 14; 1 5 in the side walls 4; 4', through which the cooling air flows into the convection cooling channel 2 for convection cooling of the article top and into the bottom cooling channel 1 3 for contact cooling of the article bottom, is thus identical with the arrangement on both sides of the air outlet ports 16; 17, through which the outlet of the slightly heated cooling air occurs.
The channel section for contact/radiation cooling shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is in its construction substantially the same as the channel section for contact/convection cooling. lt differs however from this section in that only the air inlet ports 1 5 and the air cutiet ports 17, which are provided beneath and on either side of the conveying beit 12, are provided in the side walls 4; 4' of the cooling tunnel.Furthermore, this channel section is provided with an additional secondary cooling channel 1 9 which is formed in that the partition 7 is interrupted in its central pert 7' and there is arranged beneath the axiai-fiow fan 8 and the air cooler 9 the air baffle plate 1 8 which is taken into the pressure chamber 6' and the suction chamber 6. The cooling air thus does not flow in the convection cooling channel 2 of the cooling tunnel, but cold ":- is applied to the external walls thereof, wi-,4 are formed by the base plate 3, the side wails 4; 4' and the cover plate 5, as Fig. 4 shows in detail.
The channel section shown in Figs. 1 and 2 works as follows: The axial-flow fan 8 sucks the slightly heated air through the air cooler 9 from thr suction chamber 6 and presses the cooled alx in the pressure chamber 6' along the top of the cover plate 5 through the air inlet ports 14 provided in the side walls 4; 4' and through the air inlet ports 1 5 simultaneously into the convection cooling channel 2 and the bottom cooling channel 1 3 of the cooling tunnel.There are thus formed two parallel, identically directed air flows, of which the upper air flow cools the tops of the articles 11 lying on the conveying belt 1 2 by means of convection and the lower air flow cools the article bottoms through the base plate 3 and the conveying belt 1 2 from the bottom by means of contact. The cooling of the article top and bottom is thus effected according to the energy-effective counter-flow principle, as shown in the drawing.Thereafter, the slightly heated air simultaneously leaves the bottom cooling channel 1 3 and the convection cooling channel 2 through the air outlet ports 16; 1 7 provided in the side walls 4; 4' and is collected in the suction chamber 6 and is conveyed once more into the pressure chamber by the axial-flow fan 8 through the air cooler 9.
The mode of operation of the channel section shown in Figs. 3 and 4 differs from the former by the changed air guidance. The axial-flow fan 8 conveys the cooling air through the two lower air inlet ports 1 5 into the bottom cooling channel 1 3 and simultaneously through the secondary cooling channel 1 9. There thus does not pass any cooled air into the convection cooling channel 2, so that the heat to be removed is transmitted from the article bottom by heat conduction to the conveying belt 1 2 and the base plate 3, while the long-wave heat radiation emitted by the tops of the articles 11 is absorbed by the flatblack cover plate 5 and the likewise flat-black side walls 4; 4'. The base plate 3 and the side walls 4; 4' as well as the cover plate 5 transfer the heat to the cooling air, which is slightly heated and subsequently flows back to the air cooler 9 through the two lower air outlet ports 1 7 as well as through the outlet of the secondary cooling channel 1 9 via the suction chamber 6.
The contact cooling of the article bottom and the radiation cooling of the article top are effected herein in the same sense, as in the mode described in Figs. 1 and 2, according to the energy-effective counter-flow principle. According to the invention it is possible with both methods of cooling to cool the articles according to the gentle concurrent flow principle by reversing the running direction of the conveying belt.

Claims (8)

1. A cooling channel for articles which are coated with chocolate paste or similar pastes by using contact/convection and contact/radiation cooling, the channel consisting of one or several channel sections which are provided with heat-insulating jackets and which each have an axial-flow fan with an associated air cooler and a cooling tunnel which is formed of a base plate, side walls and a cover plate and through which there is passed in the longitudinal direction a conveying belt which slides on the base plate and on which the articles to be cooled are placed and which divides the cooling tunnel for contact cooling into a bottom cooling channel, which is located beneath the base plate, and into a convection cooling channel for cooling the article top, characterised in that there is associated with the convection cooling channel (2) and the bottom cooling channel (13) of the cooling tunnel another air channel which is divided by a partition (7) into a pressure chamber (6') and a suction chamber (6), and in that the two side walls (4; 4') of the cooling tunnel are provided with air inlet ports (14; 15), which lead into the pressure chamber (6') and are arranged one above the other, at one end of the channel section directly above and beneath the conveying belt (12) and with air outlet ports (16; 17), which open into the suction chamber (6), at the other end in an identical arrangement.
2. A cooling channel as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the suction chamber (6) with the air cooler (9) and the pressure chamber (6') with the axial-flow fan (8) are arranged so as to be located one behind the other and extend over the entire length of the channel section.
3. A cooling channel as claimed in Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the opposite air inlet ports (14) and air outlet ports (16), which are provided in the side walls (4; 4') on either side above the conveying belt (12), are identical in size and have double the cross section of the air inlet ports (15) and air outlet ports (1 7) respectively located therebeneath.
4. A cooling channel as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the air inlet ports (14; 15) and the air outlet ports (16; 17) are rectangular in shape.
5. A cooling channel as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that for contact/radiation cooling the side walls (4; 4') of the cooling tunnel are only provided with air inlet ports (15) and air outlet ports (17) beneath and on either side of the conveying belt (12).
6. A cooling channel as claimed in Claims 1 and 5, characterised in that beneath the air cooler (9) and the axial-flow fan (8) there has been inserted an air baffle plate (18) which extends into the suction chamber (6) and the pressure chamber (6'), and in that the partition (7) is interrupted in the zone of its central part (7') between the air baffle plate (18) and the cover plate (5) of the cooling tunnel located therebeneath for the formation of a secondary cooling channel (19).
7. A cooling channel as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the air baffle plate (18) extends over the entire width of the channel section.
8. A cooling channel substantially as described by way of example with reference to the Figs. 1 and 2 or Figs. 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
GB08330824A 1982-12-17 1983-11-18 A cooling tunnel for articles which are coated with chocolate paste or similar pastes Expired GB2131936B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD82246097A DD212414A1 (en) 1982-12-17 1982-12-17 COOLING CHANNEL FOR ARTICLES MADE WITH CHOCOLATE MASS OR SIMILAR MASSES

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8330824D0 GB8330824D0 (en) 1983-12-29
GB2131936A true GB2131936A (en) 1984-06-27
GB2131936B GB2131936B (en) 1986-06-25

Family

ID=5543434

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08330824A Expired GB2131936B (en) 1982-12-17 1983-11-18 A cooling tunnel for articles which are coated with chocolate paste or similar pastes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
DD (1) DD212414A1 (en)
DE (1) DE3325007A1 (en)
DK (1) DK442983A (en)
ES (1) ES528139A0 (en)
GB (1) GB2131936B (en)
IT (1) IT1197758B (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0157290A2 (en) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-09 Gebr. Bindler Maschinenfabrik GmbH &amp; Co. KG Apparatus for making shaped chocolate articles
US5472018A (en) * 1991-09-23 1995-12-05 Luwa Ag Air conditioning of a weaving machine with displacement type air flow stream
EP0797923A2 (en) * 1996-02-24 1997-10-01 SOLLICH GmbH &amp; Co. KG Cooling tunnel for sweet meat articles
NL1029933C2 (en) * 2005-09-12 2007-03-13 Stork Townsend Bv Device for treating elongated food products with a conditioned air stream.
EP2688417B1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2016-01-20 Cadbury UK Limited Improved confectionery processing machine and manufacturing process
US20170164636A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2017-06-15 Intercontinental Great Brands Llc System and method for temperature control of chewing gum
WO2022240394A1 (en) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 Linde Gmbh Apparatus for cooling items and corresponding method

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD291241A5 (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-06-27 Maschinenfabrik Heidenau,De COOLING CHANNEL FOR SUESS AND CONTINUOUS BACKPACKS
DE10004754C1 (en) * 2000-02-03 2001-08-02 Sollich Kg Cooling tunnel for confectionery
DE102011122062A1 (en) 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Hosokawa Bepex Gmbh Hygienic cooling channel

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB951793A (en) * 1960-09-12 1964-03-11 Weston Biscuit Company Wales L Improvements in or relating to the cooling tunnels for articles having at least a part thereof in flowable or semi-flowable form
GB1094974A (en) * 1965-03-23 1967-12-13 Walter Kreuter Method of and apparatus for cooling chocolate covered articles

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1375380A (en) * 1918-06-24 1921-04-19 Henry C Gates Chocolate-cooling machine
DE2322918C3 (en) * 1973-05-07 1980-12-04 Sollich Kg Spezialmaschinenfabrik, 4902 Bad Salzuflen Cooling channel for with chocolate mass or the like. coated items

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB951793A (en) * 1960-09-12 1964-03-11 Weston Biscuit Company Wales L Improvements in or relating to the cooling tunnels for articles having at least a part thereof in flowable or semi-flowable form
GB1094974A (en) * 1965-03-23 1967-12-13 Walter Kreuter Method of and apparatus for cooling chocolate covered articles

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0157290A2 (en) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-09 Gebr. Bindler Maschinenfabrik GmbH &amp; Co. KG Apparatus for making shaped chocolate articles
EP0157290A3 (en) * 1984-03-30 1989-04-19 Gebr. Bindler Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for making shaped chocolate articles
US5472018A (en) * 1991-09-23 1995-12-05 Luwa Ag Air conditioning of a weaving machine with displacement type air flow stream
USRE39655E1 (en) * 1991-09-23 2007-05-29 Zellweger Luwa Ag Air distributor assembly and process for air conditioning a textile machine using a displacement type air flow system
EP0797923A2 (en) * 1996-02-24 1997-10-01 SOLLICH GmbH &amp; Co. KG Cooling tunnel for sweet meat articles
EP0797923A3 (en) * 1996-02-24 1999-11-24 SOLLICH GmbH &amp; Co. KG Cooling tunnel for sweet meat articles
WO2007032679A1 (en) * 2005-09-12 2007-03-22 Stork Townsend B.V. Device for treating elongate food products with a conditioned airflow
NL1029933C2 (en) * 2005-09-12 2007-03-13 Stork Townsend Bv Device for treating elongated food products with a conditioned air stream.
US8474373B2 (en) 2005-09-12 2013-07-02 Stork Townsend B.V. Device for treating elongate food products with a conditioned airflow
EP2688417B1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2016-01-20 Cadbury UK Limited Improved confectionery processing machine and manufacturing process
US9717262B2 (en) 2011-03-22 2017-08-01 Cadbury Uk Limited Confectionery processing machine and manufacturing process
US20170164636A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2017-06-15 Intercontinental Great Brands Llc System and method for temperature control of chewing gum
WO2022240394A1 (en) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 Linde Gmbh Apparatus for cooling items and corresponding method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8500426A1 (en) 1984-10-01
DK442983D0 (en) 1983-09-28
GB2131936B (en) 1986-06-25
DE3325007A1 (en) 1984-08-02
ES528139A0 (en) 1984-10-01
GB8330824D0 (en) 1983-12-29
DK442983A (en) 1984-06-18
DD212414A1 (en) 1984-08-15
IT8349513A0 (en) 1983-12-15
IT1197758B (en) 1988-12-06

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