GB2131722A - Impact crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

An improved crusher having a shell (1, 2) a rotary shaft (5), rotors (6, 10) mounted on the rotary shaft, breakers (9, 14) supported on the rotors, and shell liners (3, 4) mounted on the inside of the shell (1, 2). The breakers (9, 14) are adapted to be moved toward or away from the shell liners (4, 3) to adjust the impact gap between the breakers and the shell liners. The shell liners (3, 4) themselves are removable and adjustable to maintain a rugged liner surface of a suitable thickness. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Impact crusher The present invention relates to improvements in an impact crusher for crushing household garbage, industrial refuse, aggregates and the like by shearing, compressing or grinding them.

Crushers of this type comprise a shell or housing, a rotary shaft disposed in the center of the shell and driven by a motor, rotors fixedly mounted on the rotary shaft, breakers or grinders supported on the rotors, and shell liners secured to the inner periphery of the shell. The material dumped into the crusher is crushed when passing between the breakers or grinders and the shell liners. With use for a prolonged period, both the breakers or grinders and the shell liners abrade gradually so that the gap therebetween will increase. Thus, the material is crushed more coarsely than before.

An object of the present invention is to provide an impact crusher which permits adjustment of the abovementioned gap, thus keeping uniform the coarseness of the crushed material.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the impact crusher further comprises a first member mounted on the rotary shaft, a second member mounted on the first member and turnable relative to the first member, and a plurality of pairs of links, one end of each pair of links being pivotably connected to the first member and the second member, respectively, and the other ends of each pair of links overlapping one upon another. The lower breakers or grinders are supported on pins extending through the overlapping portion at the other end of the pairs of links. A drive means is provided to rotate the second member relative to the first member, thereby moving the lower breakers toward or away from the shell liners mounted on the inside of the lower shell.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the impact crusher further comprises a pair of rotors fixedly mounted on said rotary shaft one over another and a plurality of pairs of links, one end of each pair of the links being pivotally connected to the pair of rotors, respectively, and the other end of each pair of links overlapping one upon another. The lower breakers are supported through shafts extending through the overlapping portion at the other end of the pairs of the links.One of each pair of the links is extensible by means of a screw jack mechanism to move the lower breaker toward or away from the shell linen In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, the arrangement used is substantially the same as the second embodiment except that the screw jack mechanism is driven by remote control from a motor through a speed reducer, both during operation and while not in operation.

One feature of the present invention is that not only the lower breakers but also the upper breakers are adapted to permit adjustment of the gap between them and the shell liners inside the upper shell. The upper breakers are coupled to a rotor through breaker joints and shafts having projections eccentric to their axes and adapted to removably fit in holes in the rotors. By removing the shafts and changing their mounting position, the gap between the upper breakers and the shell liners inside the upper shell is easily adjustable.

Another feature of the present invention is that the shell liners themselves inside the upper and lower shells are removable and adjustable in position and can be turned upside down when their lower portion gets worn, to adjust the gap between the breakers and the shell liners.

Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway plan view of the first embodiment; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional front view thereof taken along line II--II of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing how the lower breaker moves toward the shell liner; Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view thereof taken along the line lV-IV of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a partially sectional plan view of the second embodiment; Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional front view thereof; Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view thereof taken along the line Vil-VIl of Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view of a portion of the second embodiment; Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig.8 but of the third embodiment; Fig. 10 is an enlarged vertical sectional front view of an extensible link used in the third embodiment; Fig. 11 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line Xl-Xl of Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is a plan view showing how the upper breakers are mounted; Fig. 1 3 is a perspective view of a shaft having eccentric projections used to couple the upper breakers to the rotor; Figs. 14-1 6 are fragmentary plan views showing how the gap between the upper breakers and the shell liners is adjusted; and Fig. 17 is a perspective view showing an example of the shell liners inside the upper shell.

Referring firstly to Figs. 1 4 showing the first embodiment, the impact crusher comprises a lower shell 1 of a cylindrical shape and an upper shell 2 tapered so as to be wide at its top to receive the dumped material to be crushed. A lot of shell liners 3, 4 are removably mounted on the inside of the lower and upper shells 1, 2, respectively. At the inside of both the upper and lower shells, flat shell liners and not-flat ones are alternately arranged to form a rugged liner surface.

A rotary shaft 5 in the center is rotated by a drive means (not shown). A rotor 6 is secured to the upper portion of the rotary shaft 5. A plurality of pairs of breaker joints 7 are rotatably mounted on the outer periphery of the rotor 6 through shafts 8 at regular angular spacings. An upper breaker 9 is rotatably mounted on the outer end of each pair of the breaker joints 7. It will be described later in detail how the gap between the upper breakers 9 and the shell liners 4 inside the upper shell 2.

To the lower portion of the rotary shaft 5 is fixedly mounted a first member 10. A second member 11 is mounted on the first member 10 to be turnable relative thereto. A plurality of pairs of links 12, 13 have their one end pivotably connected to the first member 10 and the second member 11, respectively, and their other end overlapping with pins 1 5 extending therethrough.

Lower breakers or impact members 14 are supported on the pins 1 5. By drive means 16 interposed between the first member and the second member, the breakers 14 can be moved relative to the shell liners 3 inside the lower shell 11 to adjust the gap between the breakers 14 and the shell liners 3.

The first member 10 includes upper and lower disc portions 1 Oa and 1 Ob connected by a tubular member 1 Oc. The second member 11 includes a tubular portion 1 c guided by the first member 10 and upper and lower brackets 1 d, 1 e extending radially from the tubular portion 11 c. These brackets are as many as the breakers 14. The second member 11 is disposed between the discs 1 0a and 1 Ob of the first member 10.

The links 12, 13 each have a hole at each end thereof. As will be seen from Fig. 4, each pin 17 extends through the discs 1 Oa and 1 Ob of the first member 10 and the hole in one end of a pair of links 12. On the other hand, each pin 18 extends through the brackets 1 d and 1 e of the second member 11 and the hole in one end of a pair of links 13. A pin 1 5 serves to connect one pair of links 12 with one pair of links 13. As shown in Fig. 4, each pin 15 extends through the other ends of the links 12 and 13 and the lower breaker 14.

The second member 11 is adapted to turn relative to the first member 10 by means of a drive means 16 which comprises a hydraulic motor 1 6a, a worm reducer 1 6b, and a jack having a screw 1 6c and a screw boss 1 6d. The screw boss is connected to a pin 20 which is supported at one end by the disc 1 Oa and at the other end by a bracket 1 9 projecting from the tubular portion 1 Oc of the first member 10. The screw 1 6c and the worm reducer 1 6b are secured to the tubular portion 1 c of the second member 11.

When the motor 1 6a is actuated, the screw 1 6c is driven through the reducer 1 6b. Because the screw boss 1 6d is fixed to the first member 10 through the pin 20, the screw 1 6c causes the second member 11 to turn relative to the first member 10. Thus the links 12, 13 cause the pin 1 5 and thus the breaker 14 to move radially toward or away from the shell liners 3. Therefore, the gap L between the breakers 14 and the shell liners 3 is adjusted. Fig. 3 shows how the breaker 14 comes toward the liner 3 when the second member turns clockwise.

Referring next to Figs. 5-8 showing the second embodiment, which differs from the first embodiment in the manner how the gap between the lower breakers or grinders 14 and the shell liners 3 inside the lower shell 1 is adjusted.

Two disc-like rotors 25, 26 are fixedly mounted on the rotary shaft 5. A rotor ring 27 and a rotor liner 28 are secured to the outer periphery of the rotors 25, 26, respectively. A plurality of shafts 29 are secured to the upper and lower rotors 25, 26 to extend therebetween.

Two links 30,31 are rotatably mounted on each shaft 29. The links 30 are extensible by means of a screw jack mechanism. As shown in Fig. 8, the link comprises a body 32 rotatably mounted on the shaft 29 and formed with a female screw 33, a threaded tube 34 having male and female screws and screwed into the body 32, an extensible member 35 with a male screw 36 screwed into the threaded tube 34, and a ring 37 secured to the outer end of the threaded tube 34 and formed with a plurality of notches thereon.

The threaded tube 34 can be turned with a spanner engaged in the notch.

The male screw 36 on the extensible member 35 is reverse in direction to the female screw 33 in the body 32. A shaft 38 extends through the outer end of the extensible member 35 of the link 30 and the upper and lower arms of a breaker joint 39, and two links 31. A grinder or breaker 14 is secured to each breaker joint 39 by means of a plurality of pins.

The material to be crushed is dumped into the upper shell 2 where it is hit by the upper breakers 9 against the liners 4 and crushed, and drops into the lower shell 1 where it is crushed more finely between the lower breakers or grinders 14 and the liners 3.

When it becomes necessary to adjust the gap between the grinders 14 and the liner 3, the rotary shaft 5 is firstly stopped and the threaded tube 34 is turned by turning the ring 37 with a spanner engaged in one of the notches in the ring. As the threaded tube is turned, the extensible member 35 moves toward or away from the body 32 of the link 30 so that the gap is adjusted as is shown in Fig. 8 by dotted lines.

One advantage of the second embodiment over the first embodiment is that because of the use of a screw jack mechanism, much saving of space is provided.

Next, the third embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 9, 10 and 11.

The third embodiment has the same link mechanism as the second embodiment, but, as shown in Fig. 10, to the rear end of the threaded tube 34 is bolted a flange 44 provided at the front end of a spline shaft 43. As shown in Figs. 10 and 11, a reduction gear box 45 is provided between the forked portions of the body 32 of the link 30. A worm wheel 46 is rotatably mounted in the reduction gear box 45. The spline shaft 43 is slidably mounted in a center hole in the worm wheel 46. A worm gear 47 is rotatably mounted in the gear box 45 and meshes with the worm wheel 46. The worm gear 47 and the worm wheel 46 form a worm reducer 49. In Figs. 9 and 11, an air motor 48 for driving the worm gear 47 is secured to the gear box 45 with its shaft coupled to the worm gear 47 through a joint 50.

In the third embodiment the spline shaft 43 and thus the threaded tube 34 integral therewith are rotated by the air motor 48 through the worm reducer 49. As in the second embodiment, as the threaded tube 34 turns, the extensible member 35 moves toward or away from the body 32 of the link 30 so that the gap between the grinder 14 and the shell liners 3 is adjusted.

In the third embodiment, the worm reducer may be replaced with any other reduction mechanism and the air motor as a drive means may be replaced with a hydraulic or electric motor.

Next, it will be described below in more detail how the gap between the upper breakers 9 and the shell liners 4 inside the upper shell 2 is adjusted. As shown in Fig. 12, each upper breaker 9 is coupled to the rotor 6 by means of the breaker joint or arm 7 and a shaft 8. The shaft has a rectangular body 54 provided at each end with a cylindrical projection 55 eccentric to its axis (Fig. 1 3). The rotor 6 is formed with a plurality of holes 56 of such a shape as to removably receive the rectangular body of the shaft 8 (Fig. 14). The breaker joints 7 are formed with holes to receive the projections 55 on the shaft 8.

In use, when the shaft 8 is fit in the hole 56 in the rotor with the projection in the position of Fig. 14, the gap between the upper breaker 9 and the shell liner 4 will be L1 which is the maximum.

With the shaft 8 in such a position as in Fig.15, the gap will be L2 which is smaller than L,. With the shaft in the position of Fig.16, the gap will be L3 which is the minimum. In Figs.1 1 16, L2 = L1 - AS and b = L1 - 2 x AS. Thus, the gap therebetween can be gradually changed by removing the shaft 8 and the associated parts and remounting the shaft in another position. This makes it possible to keep uniform the degree of fineness with which the material is crushed in the upper shell 2 even if the upper breakers 9 and/or the shell liners 4 get worn.

Next, it will be described below how the liners 3 and 4 are arranged on the inner surface of the shells 1 and 2.

As shown in Fig. 5, in the lower shell 1, shell liners 3 having a higher portion and flat shell liners 3' of a substantially the same height as the base portion of the not-flat shell liners 3 are arranged alternately.

With use, particularly the higher portion of the shell liners 3 will become worn gradually until it becomes as thick as the flat liners 3'. The flat liners 3' are less apt to abrade than the not-flat liners 3 but gradually abrade. When the higher portion of the liners 3 gets worn to some degree, the flat liners 3' are replaced with new liners 3 with higher portion. Now, the old liners 3 with a worn higher portion serve as flat liners 3'.

After further use for some period of time, the liners 3 of the first generation with a worn raised portion are replaced with new liners 3. The liners 3 of the second generation having a worn raised portion are left to serve as flat liners 3'. Thereafter, by replacing the worn liners with new ones, it is possible to ensure that an irregular surface is always formed by the liners 3 and 3'. At first use, the uneven liners 3 and the flat liners 3' have to be arranged alternately. But, thereafter only the uneven liners 3 have to be replaced when they have become worn severely.

The above-mentioned arrangement may be applied to the shell liners 4 inside the lower shell 2 as well as to those inside the upper shell 1.

Referring next to Fig. 1 7 showing an embodiment of the shell liners 4 for the upper shell 2, three kinds of liners 4a, 4b and 4c are used. Liners 4b are arranged between each pair of rectangular liners 4a. The liners 4b are of a symmetrical shape in all directions. Thus, they can be turned upside down when their lower portion becomes worn. The liners 4a, too, can be turned upside down when their lower half becomes worn.

This arrangement prolongs the working life of the liners 4a and 4b substantially. Triangular liners 4c are arranged in spaces between the liners 4a and the upper portion of the liners 4b. But, the liners 4c may be omitted. In this case, the material to be crushed get into the space, protecting the shell 2.

Claims (6)

1. An impact crusher comprising an upper tapered shell, a lower cylindrical shell, shell liners removably mounted on the inner surface of said upper and lower shells, a rotary shaft disposed in the center of said upper and lower shells, a drive means for driving said rotary shaft, a plurality of upper breakers disposed in said upper shell and coupled to said rotary shaft through a rotor so as turn therewith, and a plurality of lower breakers disposed in said lower shell and coupled to said rotary shaft through a plurality of pairs of links, characterised in that the gap between said lower breakers and said shell liners inside said lower shell is adjustable, that said upper breakers are coupled to said rotor through breakers joints and shafts having projections eccentric to their axes and adapted to removably fit in holes in said rotors, thereby making it possible to adjust the gap between said upper breakers and said shell liners inside said upper shell, and that said shell liners in said upper and/or lower shells comprise two kinds of liners, i.e. flat ones and not-flat ones with high portions, said flat and not-flat liners being alternately arranged to form an irregular liner surface.

2. The impact crusher as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of each of said pairs of links is pivotally connected to a first member fixedly mounted on said rotary shaft and a second member mounted on said first member so as to be rotatable relative to said first member, said lower breakers being supported on pins extending through an overlapping portion at the other end of each of said pairs of links, and a drive means being provided to rotate said second member relative to said first member, whereby moving said lower breakers toward or away from said shell liners.

3. The impact crusher as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of each of said pairs of links is pivotally connected to a pair of rotors fixedly mounted on said rotary shaft one over another, said lower breakers being supported through shafts extending through an overlapping portion at the other end of each of said pairs of links, and at least one of each of said pairs of links being adapted to be extensible by means of a screw jack mechanism, whereby moving said lower breakers toward or away from said shell liners.

4. The impact crusher as claimed in claim 3, wherein said screw jack mechanism is driven by remote control from a drive means through a speed reducing means.

5. The impact crusher as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shell liners mounted on the inside of said upper shell are of a configuration symmetrical to all directions so as to be turnable upside down.

6. An impact crusher substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4, or Figs. 5 to 8, or Figs. 9 to 11 of the accompanying drawings, or as modified by any of Figs. 12 to 17 of the accompanying drawings.