GB2127007A - Improvements in or relating to concrete - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2127007A
GB2127007A GB08226856A GB8226856A GB2127007A GB 2127007 A GB2127007 A GB 2127007A GB 08226856 A GB08226856 A GB 08226856A GB 8226856 A GB8226856 A GB 8226856A GB 2127007 A GB2127007 A GB 2127007A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
block
concrete
main body
refractory material
liner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08226856A
Other versions
GB2127007B (en
Inventor
Peter Herbert Tidy
Stanley Bertram Johnson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TRUE CRETE Ltd
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TRUE CRETE Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TRUE CRETE Ltd filed Critical TRUE CRETE Ltd
Priority to GB8226856A priority Critical patent/GB2127007B/en
Publication of GB2127007A publication Critical patent/GB2127007A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2127007B publication Critical patent/GB2127007B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/02—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage for carrying away waste gases, e.g. flue gases; Building elements specially designed therefor, e.g. shaped bricks or sets thereof
    • E04F17/023—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage for carrying away waste gases, e.g. flue gases; Building elements specially designed therefor, e.g. shaped bricks or sets thereof made of masonry, concrete or other stone-like material; Insulating measures and joints therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

A domestic flue block comprises a refractory main body 1 with a denser refractory internal liner 2. The main body 1 is of a concrete consisting of classified PFA, expanded perlite ore and aluminous cement in the volume ratio ranges 1:4-5:1. The liner 2 is of a concrete consisting of a fines aggregate of aluminous cement slag and aluminous cement in the volume ratio range between 3:1 and 4:1. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to concrete According to the present invention there is provided a concrete including high alumina cement, a particulate refractory material of relatively low density, and a pulverulent refractory material of a fine grade.
The pulverulent refractory material is preferably pulverized fuel ash, although some other pulverulent refractory material is usable, for example, diatomaceous earth, blast furnace slag, or pumice.
The pulverulent refractory material advantageously has a sulphuric anhydride content of no more than 2 2% by weight, and a fineness giving a residue of no more than 50% by weight on a 45 micron sieve. Preferably, the material is one having a moisture content of no more than 3% by weight, a fineness giving a residue of no more than 20% by weight of a 45 micron sieve, and a sulphuric anhydride content of no more than 2 2% by weight.
The concrete is particularly suitable for providing a main body of a domestic flue block.
Such block advantageously has a dense internal refractory liner in the form of a concrete consisting of high alumina cement and a fines aggregate produced from high alumina cement slag. In this dense refractory liner, the volume ratio of the aggregate to the cement is between 2:1 and 6:1,preferably between 3:1 and 4:1. The fines aggregate may instead consist partly or wholly of fired clay. The internal liner has the advantages of having a good resistance to thermal shock and a good resistance to acid condensates from the burning of solid fuel. It can be approximately 12 mm. thick. The main body, which can be approximately 88 mm. thick, can, for example, consist of a classified pulverized fuel ash, an expanded perlite ore, and a high alumina cement. The ranges of the volume ratios of these materials are 21 3--6: --2, preferably 1:4- 5:1.Such main body has the advantages of being highly thermally insulative, relatively light in weight, and yet structurally sound.
It is important that the main body of the block should be of relatively light weight, otherwise a block of reasonable size becomes too heavy for one man to handle comfortably, and for this purpose the particulate refractory material has a relatively low bulk density of below 650 Kg. per cu. metre.
If it is desired that the top of the flue should take the form of a conventional chimney stack, then at least the uppermost blocks of the flue can each include an outer peripheral Portland concrete skin with a simulated brickwork finish with an even number of courses of brickwork.
Moreover, the internal liner of the uppermost block can continue upwards to give the appearance of a chimney pot.
The pulverized fuel ash is for example Pozzolan, which is a proprietary name for a classified pulverized fuel ash conforming to Agreement Certificate 75/283; essentially it has a sulphuric an hydride content not exceeding 2.5%, a fineness giving a residue not exceeding 12.5% on a 45 micron sieve, and a moisture content not exceeding 0.5%.
The expanded perlite is for example, Slablyte, which is a proprietary name for an expanded perlite ore having the following specification: Bulk Density-1 00-1 30 Kg. per cu. metre Particle Size Distribution-by weight + 8 mesh ASTM 50%60% -8+20 mesh ASTM 40%50% -20+100 mesh ASTM 5%-1 5% -100 mesh ASTM The above represents the preferred particle size distribution.However, the lightweight concrete mix of the main body can be produced with expanded perlite with a particle size distribution outside this range, but the maximum range of particle size distribution is advantageously as follows: +8 mesh ASTM 0%80% -8+20 mesh ASTM 0%80% -20+100 mesh ASTM 1 0%-50% -100 mesh ASTM 0%20% In order that the invention may be clearlyunderstood and readily carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawing in which: Fig. 1 shows a top plan of a block of a domestic flue, and Fig. 2 shows a vertical axial section through the block.
Referring to the drawings, the block consists of a refractory main body 1 with a denser refractory internal liner 2. The main body 1 consists of a concrete consisting of Pozzolan, Slablyte and high alumina cement in the preferred volume ratio ranges set out above. The body 1 formed with a centering underneath protrusion 3 and a corresponding centering top recess 4.
The liner 2 is fixed around a central core of a block mould prior to pouring the main body mix.
The liner is of a concrete consisting of high alumina cement and a fines aggregate of high alumina cement slag in the preferred volume ratios set out above.
Claims (Filed on 21/9/83) 1. A concrete including aluminous cement, a particulate refractory material of relatively low density, and a pulverulent refractory material of a fine grade.
2. A concrete according to claim 1 , wherein said pulverulent refractory material is pulverized fuel ash.
3. A concrete according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said pulverulent refractory material advantageously has a sulphuric anhydride content of no more than 2.1/2% by weight, and a fineness giving a residue of no more than 50% by weight on a 45 micron sieve.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (17)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to concrete According to the present invention there is provided a concrete including high alumina cement, a particulate refractory material of relatively low density, and a pulverulent refractory material of a fine grade. The pulverulent refractory material is preferably pulverized fuel ash, although some other pulverulent refractory material is usable, for example, diatomaceous earth, blast furnace slag, or pumice. The pulverulent refractory material advantageously has a sulphuric anhydride content of no more than 2 2% by weight, and a fineness giving a residue of no more than 50% by weight on a 45 micron sieve. Preferably, the material is one having a moisture content of no more than 3% by weight, a fineness giving a residue of no more than 20% by weight of a 45 micron sieve, and a sulphuric anhydride content of no more than 2 2% by weight. The concrete is particularly suitable for providing a main body of a domestic flue block. Such block advantageously has a dense internal refractory liner in the form of a concrete consisting of high alumina cement and a fines aggregate produced from high alumina cement slag. In this dense refractory liner, the volume ratio of the aggregate to the cement is between 2:1 and 6:1,preferably between 3:1 and 4:1. The fines aggregate may instead consist partly or wholly of fired clay. The internal liner has the advantages of having a good resistance to thermal shock and a good resistance to acid condensates from the burning of solid fuel. It can be approximately 12 mm. thick. The main body, which can be approximately 88 mm. thick, can, for example, consist of a classified pulverized fuel ash, an expanded perlite ore, and a high alumina cement. The ranges of the volume ratios of these materials are 21 3--6: --2, preferably 1:4- 5:1.Such main body has the advantages of being highly thermally insulative, relatively light in weight, and yet structurally sound. It is important that the main body of the block should be of relatively light weight, otherwise a block of reasonable size becomes too heavy for one man to handle comfortably, and for this purpose the particulate refractory material has a relatively low bulk density of below 650 Kg. per cu. metre. If it is desired that the top of the flue should take the form of a conventional chimney stack, then at least the uppermost blocks of the flue can each include an outer peripheral Portland concrete skin with a simulated brickwork finish with an even number of courses of brickwork. Moreover, the internal liner of the uppermost block can continue upwards to give the appearance of a chimney pot. The pulverized fuel ash is for example Pozzolan, which is a proprietary name for a classified pulverized fuel ash conforming to Agreement Certificate 75/283; essentially it has a sulphuric an hydride content not exceeding 2.5%, a fineness giving a residue not exceeding 12.5% on a 45 micron sieve, and a moisture content not exceeding 0.5%. The expanded perlite is for example, Slablyte, which is a proprietary name for an expanded perlite ore having the following specification: Bulk Density-1 00-1 30 Kg. per cu. metre Particle Size Distribution-by weight + 8 mesh ASTM 50%60% -8+20 mesh ASTM 40%50% -20+100 mesh ASTM 5%-1 5% -100 mesh ASTM The above represents the preferred particle size distribution.However, the lightweight concrete mix of the main body can be produced with expanded perlite with a particle size distribution outside this range, but the maximum range of particle size distribution is advantageously as follows: +8 mesh ASTM 0%80% -8+20 mesh ASTM 0%80% -20+100 mesh ASTM 1 0%-50% -100 mesh ASTM 0%20% In order that the invention may be clearlyunderstood and readily carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawing in which: Fig. 1 shows a top plan of a block of a domestic flue, and Fig. 2 shows a vertical axial section through the block. Referring to the drawings, the block consists of a refractory main body 1 with a denser refractory internal liner 2. The main body 1 consists of a concrete consisting of Pozzolan, Slablyte and high alumina cement in the preferred volume ratio ranges set out above. The body 1 formed with a centering underneath protrusion 3 and a corresponding centering top recess 4. The liner 2 is fixed around a central core of a block mould prior to pouring the main body mix. The liner is of a concrete consisting of high alumina cement and a fines aggregate of high alumina cement slag in the preferred volume ratios set out above. Claims (Filed on 21/9/83)
1. A concrete including aluminous cement, a particulate refractory material of relatively low density, and a pulverulent refractory material of a fine grade.
2. A concrete according to claim 1 , wherein said pulverulent refractory material is pulverized fuel ash.
3. A concrete according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said pulverulent refractory material advantageously has a sulphuric anhydride content of no more than 2.1/2% by weight, and a fineness giving a residue of no more than 50% by weight on a 45 micron sieve.
4. A concrete according to claim 3, wherein said pulverulent refractory material has a moisture content of no more than 3% by weight, and a fineness giving a residue of no more than 20% by weight on a 45 micron sieve.
5. A flue block, comprising a main body of a concrete as claimed in any preceding claim, and a dense internal refractory liner.
6. A flue block as claimed in claim 5, wherein said main body is approximately 88 millimetres thick.
7. A flue block as claimed in claim 5 or 6 as appended to claim 2, wherein said main body consists of a classified pulverized fuel ash, an expanded perlite ore and said cement.
8. A flue block or a concrete as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the ranges of volume ratios of said pulverulent refractory material, said particulate refractory material and said cement are 1/2-2:3-6:1/2-2.
9. A flue block or a concrete as claimed in claim 8, wherein said ranges are 1:4-5:1.
10. A flue block or a concrete as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said particulate refractory material has a relatively low bulk density.
11. A flue block as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 10, and further comprising an outer skin with a simulated brickwork finish with an even number of courses of brickwork.
12. A flue block as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 11, wherein said liner extends upwards beyond said main body to give the appearance of a chimney pot.
13. A flue block as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 12, wherein said dense internal refractory liner comprises a concrete consisting of aluminous cement and a fines aggregate.
14. A flue block as claimed in claim 13, wherein said fines aggregate comprises aluminous cement slag or fired clay.
1 5. A flue block as claimed in claim 13 or 14, wherein said liner, the volume ratio of said aggregate to said cement is between 2:1 and 6:1.
1 6. A flue block as claimed in claim 1 5, wherein said ratio is between 3:1 and 4:1.
17. A blue block as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 16, wherein said liner is approximately 12 millimetres thick.
1 8. A flue block, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB8226856A 1982-09-21 1982-09-21 Improvements in or relating to concrete Expired GB2127007B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8226856A GB2127007B (en) 1982-09-21 1982-09-21 Improvements in or relating to concrete

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8226856A GB2127007B (en) 1982-09-21 1982-09-21 Improvements in or relating to concrete

Publications (2)

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GB2127007A true GB2127007A (en) 1984-04-04
GB2127007B GB2127007B (en) 1986-06-04

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0356086A1 (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-28 Btg International Limited Cement compositions
FR2653860A1 (en) * 1989-10-30 1991-05-03 Cerib METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SMOKE DUCT AND SMOKE DUCT AS OBTAINED
US6290769B1 (en) 1999-06-22 2001-09-18 Siplast, Inc. Lightweight insulating concrete and method for using same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0356086A1 (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-28 Btg International Limited Cement compositions
FR2653860A1 (en) * 1989-10-30 1991-05-03 Cerib METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SMOKE DUCT AND SMOKE DUCT AS OBTAINED
EP0426539A1 (en) * 1989-10-30 1991-05-08 Centre D'etudes Et De Recherches De L'industrie Du Beton Manufacture, Cerib Production process of a smoke pipe and smoke pipe produced in this way
US6290769B1 (en) 1999-06-22 2001-09-18 Siplast, Inc. Lightweight insulating concrete and method for using same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2127007B (en) 1986-06-04

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee