GB2124697A - I.c. engine intake air temperature regulation - Google Patents
I.c. engine intake air temperature regulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2124697A GB2124697A GB08222471A GB8222471A GB2124697A GB 2124697 A GB2124697 A GB 2124697A GB 08222471 A GB08222471 A GB 08222471A GB 8222471 A GB8222471 A GB 8222471A GB 2124697 A GB2124697 A GB 2124697A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- openings
- air
- shutter
- control vane
- vane shutter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 43
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10242—Devices or means connected to or integrated into air intakes; Air intakes combined with other engine or vehicle parts
- F02M35/10268—Heating, cooling or thermal insulating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/04—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/06—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air
- F02M31/07—Temperature-responsive control, e.g. using thermostatically-controlled valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10006—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the position of elements of the air intake system in direction of the air intake flow, i.e. between ambient air inlet and supply to the combustion chamber
- F02M35/10013—Means upstream of the air filter; Connection to the ambient air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/104—Intake manifolds
- F02M35/108—Intake manifolds with primary and secondary intake passages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
- F02M35/1205—Flow throttling or guiding
- F02M35/1216—Flow throttling or guiding by using a plurality of holes, slits, protrusions, perforations, ribs or the like; Surface structures; Turbulence generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
- F02M35/1205—Flow throttling or guiding
- F02M35/1222—Flow throttling or guiding by using adjustable or movable elements, e.g. valves, membranes, bellows, expanding or shrinking elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
A casing 1 to which are connected pipes 4, 3 and 2 for preheated, fresh and mixed air respectively contains a temperature responsive shutter 5 with openings (6, Figure 2) having an area from 0.005 to 0.04 times the total cross- sectional area of the pipes 3 and 4. The presence of the openings 6 reduces the noise emanating from the intake system. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Temperature regulator for controlling air flow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine
The invention relates to the engine engineering, and particularly, to temperature regulators for controlling air flow in the intake system of internal combustion engines.
The invention substantially resides in that in a temperature regulator for controlling air flow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a casing to which are connected pipes for preheated, fresh and mixed air, and a control vane shutter, according to the invention, at least one calibrated opening is made in the control vane shutter.
It is preferred that the total area of the openings should be from 0.005 to 0.04 of the total cross-sectional area of the pipes for preheated and fresh air.
This construction makes it possible to lower the level of vertical noise developed in the pipes for preheated and fresh air when the control vane shutter shuts-off one of the pipes.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows an intake system of an internal combustion engine having a temperature regulator for controlling air flow in the intake system of the internal combustion engine;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the line ll-ll in Figure 2 (the picture is enlarged for the sake of clarity);
Figure 3 shows an equivalent electric diagram of the temperature regulator for controlling air flow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine;
Figure 4 shows noise spectra with and without openings in the control vane shutter.
A temperature regulator for controlling air flow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine comprises a casing 1 (Figure 1) to which are connected a pipe 2 for mixed air, a pipe 3 for fresh air and a pipe 4 for preheated air. The temperature of the mixed air is controlled by a control vane shutter 5 (Figures 1 and 2) in which are made openings (a single opening 6 may be enough). A total area of the openings 6 (Figure 2) is between 0.005 and 0.04 of the total cross-sectional area of the pipes 3 and 4. The control vane shutter 5 is mounted on an axle 7 for a limited rotation about the axle and for shutting-off the outlet sections of the pipes 4 and 3 for preheated and fresh air, respectively. The casing 1 of the temperature regulator is connected, through the pipe 2 for mixed air, to an air cleaner 8.
The temperature regulator for controlling airflow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine functions in the following manner.
When the control vane shutter 5 is in an intermediate position, air is admitted through the pipe 3 for fresh air and pipe 4 for preheated air. Air flow fluctuations are induced by a varying component of the flow rate which is due to changes between engine cylinder volumes with open admission valves. As it has been found by way of tests, resonance oscillations under full load on the engine are substantially damped by vortical losses at the openings of the pilpes 3 and 4 on the account of high air velocity. The situation is quite different when the control vane shutter 5 is in the limit positions because a narrow aperture is defined between the vane shutter and the seat. In this case the source of resonance oscillations is a vortical sound induced by the flow of air through the narrow gap between the vibrating control vane shutter 5 and its seat.The vibrations of the control vane shutter 5 depend on the fluctuations of the pressure differential across the shutter which are due to both engine pressure fluctuations and self-oscillations induced by the displacements of the shutter 5. To diminish the forces acting on the control vane shutter 5 thus lowering its self-induced oscillations, the openings 6 are made in the vane shutter which has the function of equilibrating pressure fields on either side of the control vane shutter 5. In case these openings are too small, the pressure fields cannot be effectively equilibrated. On the other hand, two great openings 6 will lower the efficiency of functioning of the vane shutter 5 which should effect temperature regulation of air flow.Thus the total area of the openings 6 should be within predetermined limits determined by the total area of the pipes 3 and 4 for fresh and preheated air.
It will be apparent that this condition needs certain explanations.
Vibrations of the control vane shutter 5 induce pulses of oscillation velocity. Under the self-oscillation conditions the excitation is associated with a fluctuating flow through the gap defined between the control vane shutter 5 and its seat under vibrations of the vane shutter. In case there are no openings 6 in the control vane shutter such oscillations cause a pressure differential across the control vane shutter 5 which, in turn, causes vibrations of the control vane shutter 5. A closed-loop feedback circuit is thus formed. In case there are openings 6, a part of the fluctuating flow passess through the opening 6 under the action of the pressure differential, and the pressure differential decreases.This may be illustrated by an equivalent electric circuit of the feedback loop of the temperture regulator for controlling air flow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine, which is shown in Figure and in which:
i is the source of varying flow associated with fibrations of the control vane shutter 5;
Y is the conductivity simulating the openings 6; za is the acoustic resistance of the pipe 3 for fresh air; z2 is the acoustic resistance of the pipe 4 for preheated air.
The ratio between pressure differentials across the control vane shutter 5 with and without the openings 6 determines the attenuation of the feedback in the circuit represented by the equivalent electric diagram shown in Figure 3, and this ratio is as follows:
wherein P1 is the amplitude of pressure differential across the control vane shutter when there are no openings 6.
P2 is the amplitude of pressure differential across the control vane shutter 5 having the openings 6;
Z3 is the acoustic resistance of the pipe for mixed air.
Assuming that Z1=Z2tZ3 and Z3 = PC
F1 wherein Pc is the acoustic resistance of the medium; F1 is the area of the mixed air pipe
F2
Y = PV1 wherein V1 is the air velocity in the opening 6;
F2 is the area of the openings in the control van shutter 5;
P is the density of air
F2 --1:2 F\ wherein R is the total area of cross-sections of the pipes 3 and 4.
By substituting in (1), obtain:
wherein M =
c is the Mach number, wherein c is the velocity of sound in the air.
Static pressure differentials in the intake system of modern engines correspond to V1 = 13-35 mis; M = 0.04-0.1.
To obtain 8 = 1.5 which is normally enough to attenuate the feedback in an efficient manner, the range of changes of
F2 = 0.005-0.013.
F- The limit value is lower as in the low-speed engines it may be enough for efficient reduction of oscillations.
In real-scale experimental constructions of a low-speed engine the design value of F2/F proved to be equal to about 0.01. The tests conducted for engines with the stroke capacity of 1.3 and 1.45 1 showed the efficency of this value. Figure 4 shows a spectrographic record of the sound emission in the zone of opening of one of the pipes 3 and 4. The curve "a" (solid line) shows the noise measured at the opening of the preheated air intake pipe 4 in case there are no openings in the control vane shutterS. The curve "b" (dotted line) shows the noise at the same point with the openings 6 in the control vane shutter 5.It can be seen in the drawing that the noise emitted through the pipe 4 with the provision of the openings 6 is substantially lower (by 5-8 dB) than the noise with the conventional system (without the openings 6 in the control vane shutter 5).
Simple calculations for average mass temperature in case when the ambient air temperature coincides with the design temperature of the temperature regulator (+35"C) so that the control vane shutter 5 completely shuts down the preheated air pipe in which the temperature reaches the value of about 100C which is characteristic of the modern engines, show that the provision of the openings 6 (Figure) in the control vane shutter 5 with the total area of the openings of 0.04 of the total cross-sectional area of the pipes 3 and 4 (Figure 1) results in an increase in the temperature of air admitted to the engine by about 5"C above the design temperature value (the value to which the temperature regulator and carburettor are adjusted), owing to the suction of hot air through the openings 6 (Figure 1 ) of the control vane shutter 5. At low subzero temperatures, when the control vane shutter 5 completely shuts-off the fresh air pipe, cool air will flow in through the openings 6 of the control vane shutter 5 to lower the temperature of the air admitted to the engine below the design value.
It has been found by way of theoretical calculations and tests that the deviation of temperature of the air admitted to the engine from the optimum value (to which the carburettor is adjusted) by every 1 0 C would cause a change in the composition of the air fuel mixture by 2% thus bringing about an appreciable deterioration of the economical, toxical and dynamic performance of the vehicle (cf. V.A. Orlov, V.E.Losev,
Automative Carburettors, L.Mashinostroenie Publishing House (in Russian), 1977, pp.42-43). Therefore, the ratio F2/FN equal to 0.04 results in a change in the temperature by 5"C and causes a change in the composition of the air and fuel mixture by about 1% which does not yet affect substantially the performance of the vehicle, being atthe same time the limit value.
The tests conducted with experimental temperature regulators with the ratio F2/FS equal to 0.04 chosen for efficient noise control showed that the provision of the openings 6 in the control vane shutter 5 does not have any substantial effect on the engine performance.
Therefore, the abovedescribed temperature regulator controlling air flow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine makes it possible to achieve the object of the invention to the fullest extent.
Claims (3)
1. A temperature regulator for controlling air flow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a casing to which are connected pipes for preheated, fresh and mixed air; a control vane shutter being mounted in the casing, and at least one opening being made in the vane shutter.
2. Atemperature regulator for controlling air flow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total area of the openings of the control vane shutter is from 0.005 to 0.04 of the total cross-sectional area of the pipes for fresh and preheated air.
3. A temperature regulator for controlling air flow in the intake system of an internal combustion engine substantially as hereinabove described with reference to, and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08222471A GB2124697B (en) | 1982-08-04 | 1982-08-04 | I c engine intake air temperature regulation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08222471A GB2124697B (en) | 1982-08-04 | 1982-08-04 | I c engine intake air temperature regulation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2124697A true GB2124697A (en) | 1984-02-22 |
| GB2124697B GB2124697B (en) | 1985-09-11 |
Family
ID=10532102
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08222471A Expired GB2124697B (en) | 1982-08-04 | 1982-08-04 | I c engine intake air temperature regulation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2124697B (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB326876A (en) * | 1928-12-22 | 1930-03-24 | Wilfred Ambrose Whatmough | Improvements in or relating to the carburetting of air particularly for internal combustion engines |
| GB1534765A (en) * | 1976-01-22 | 1978-12-06 | Gen Motors Ltd | Internal combustion engine air cleaners |
| GB1550494A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1979-08-15 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Intake air directing apparatus for supplying an internal combustion engine air filter |
| GB2017817A (en) * | 1978-02-25 | 1979-10-10 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Apparatus for regulating the induction air temperature for an ic engine |
-
1982
- 1982-08-04 GB GB08222471A patent/GB2124697B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB326876A (en) * | 1928-12-22 | 1930-03-24 | Wilfred Ambrose Whatmough | Improvements in or relating to the carburetting of air particularly for internal combustion engines |
| GB1550494A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1979-08-15 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Intake air directing apparatus for supplying an internal combustion engine air filter |
| GB1534765A (en) * | 1976-01-22 | 1978-12-06 | Gen Motors Ltd | Internal combustion engine air cleaners |
| GB2017817A (en) * | 1978-02-25 | 1979-10-10 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Apparatus for regulating the induction air temperature for an ic engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2124697B (en) | 1985-09-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |