GB2120601A - Collapsible structure - Google Patents
Collapsible structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2120601A GB2120601A GB08310694A GB8310694A GB2120601A GB 2120601 A GB2120601 A GB 2120601A GB 08310694 A GB08310694 A GB 08310694A GB 8310694 A GB8310694 A GB 8310694A GB 2120601 A GB2120601 A GB 2120601A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- moisture
- sheets
- collapsible
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009416 shuttering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/10—Forming or shuttering elements for general use with additional peculiarities such as surface shaping, insulating or heating, permeability to water or air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
- B32B21/02—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board the layer being formed of fibres, chips, or particles, e.g. MDF, HDF, OSB, chipboard, particle board, hardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
- E04G15/06—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for cavities or channels in walls of floors, e.g. for making chimneys
- E04G15/061—Non-reusable forms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E04G9/021—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A collapsible structure used in building which is generally rigid when dry and is collapsible under the action of moisture comprises a separating structure (3) whose rigidity is attacked by moisture sandwiched between two sheets (1,2) of material. The two sheets of material are connected together around the entire edge of the structure by a membrane (5) which is at least retardant to moisture so as to prevent or retard the ingress of moisture to the separating structure (3). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Collapsible structure and method of building using such a structure
This invention relates to a collapsible structure which is suitable for use in building construction and to a method of building using such a structure.
With present day building methods which invoive the provision of concrete structures both at ground level and within the ground, problems related to moisture occur. Particular difficulties arise where the structure is to be built on soils which are predominantly of a clay nature. In these cases, the clay will swell when it becomes wet and will shrink when it dries out. As is well known, the difference in level between dry clay and wet clay is as much as30 mm.
In order to overcome this type of problem, we have proposed to provide collapsible structures which are sufficiently rigid for concrete casting purposes when dry, but which will be able to collapse under the action of moisture after a time which depends upon the moisture conditions which are ambient at the time of use.
This previous proposal provided for a separating structure of poor wet strength to be situated between two outer sheets through one of which moisture was allowed to penetrate.
However, in practice it was found that while such a structure was perfectly satisfactory in inherently dry conditions, significant difficulties were found to arise in conditions where the ground was of a somewhat marshy consistency and, where it was required to lay the concrete structure in a hoie or trench in the ground, the hole or trench rapidly filled up with water. In these circumstances, a standard collapsible structure would be significantly affected by the water and would be unlikely to stay rigid long enough to allow the concrete, which it is surrounding to set.
Following this, we made various proposals for treating at least part of the collapsible structure or forming it of certain materials to enable the ingress of liquid to be retarded.
In these prior proposals the treatment ranged from methods of preventing the moisture from passing through one of the sheets of the structure too quickly to the provision of a structure which is totally wrapped in a "bag" of water impermeable material, the water impermeable material being severed when it was required that the structure be allowed to collapse.
The problem with the type of arrangements previously proposed is that they tend to be expensive to produce and, in many circumstances, the expense involved is not warranted by the circumstances in which the collapsible structure is to be used.
The present invention seeks to provide a collapsible structure which is generally rigid initially but which can be caused to collapse under relative controlled conditions and which can be constructed relatively cheaply. The invention also seeks to provide a method of building using such a collapsible structure.
According to the invention, there is provided a collapsible structure which is generally rigid when dry and is collapsible under the action of moisture comprising a separating structure whose rigidity is attacked by moisture, sandwiched between two sheets of material wherein the two sheets of material are connected together around the entire edge of the structure by a membrane which is at least retardant to moisture so as to prevent or retard the ingress of moisture to the separating structure.
Preferably at least one of the said two sheets is able to permit ingress of moisture after a more or less protracted period.
The membrane may be impermeable to water and/or liquid or may be permeable or soluble in water or another liquid.
In this way the life of the structure may be rendered entirely dependent on the ability of the moisture to pass through the appropriate outer sheet, or alternatively its life may depend on a combination of the water or liquid permeability of the sheet and the permeability or solubility of the membrane. The membrane may comprise a strip of plastics material secured to one of the said two sheets at each side and extending across the spacing between the two sheets.
Alternatively the membrane may be produced by dipping the edges of the collapsible structure into a liquid which solidifies into a membrane (i.e.
a suitable plastics material) so that the ingress of water from the edges of the structure is either entirely prevented or retarded depending on the material used.
The invention also includes a method of building using such a collapsible structure.
The invention will now be described in greater detail by way of example with reference to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a part of a board structure forming one embodiment of the invention,
Figure 2 is a sectional view of the material shown in Figure 1, and
Figure 3 is a view of a variation of the embodiment which has been shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, a collapsible structure comprises two sheets 1 and 2 of an eventually water permeable material such as chipboard, composition board or the like which are separated by a separator 3 in the form of a honeycomb structure of paper or cardboard, more particularly regenerated cardboard. It will be appreciated that the honeycomb separator will be readily softened if moisture is present so that the two outer sheets can collapse one onto the other if any pressure should be applied thereto.
As will be appreciated the chipboard, composition board or the like, while not immediately water permeable, are to an extent, porous and will allow moisture to seep through over a relatively long period. The material of the outer sheets 1 or 2 of the collapsible structure will determine the length of time it takes water to pass therethrough. In order to prevent the water which may be present, particulariy in marshy conditions, from attacking the collapsible structure from the side, the side faces of the collapsible structure are
providing with a covering 5, suitably a plastics strip which is applied to all side edges of the structure, the strips being folded around the edges of the sheets 1 and 2 and glued thereto.If the material of the strip is water impermeable and the gluing takes place in a water tight manner, premature collapse of the collapsible structure is prevented while enabling the other characteristics of the structure to be maintained. Alternatively, if the strip is permeable, additional control of the collapse of the structure can be achieved.
Suitable material for wrapping around the edges of the collapsible structure comprises 500 gram or even 1000 gram polythene if the strip is to be impermeable, or if some ingress is desired, a water or liquid soluble or permeable plastics material may be used.
Figure 3 shows an alternative form of the invention in which, to avoid the labour and expense of providing wrapping around the edges of the sheets 1 and 2 of the collapsible structure, the edges of the structure are dipped into a bath of a liquid material which in its solid state forms a membrane in the form of a skin 8 which extends from the outer sheets 1 and 2 over the accessible edges 9 of the separating structure 3 so as to form a seal across the entire edge of the structure.
Again it will be seen that the above embodiment provides for a sealing of the vulnerable edges of the structure leaving unimpaired the porosity of the outer sheets 1 and 2. Impermeable, permeable or soluble material may be used as desired.
Spraying may be used as an alternative to dipping.
In use in building construction, panels or boards of the collapsible structure may be positioned to provide mould shuttering and supporting materials for concrete casting in the usual way. With suitable dimensioning of the materials used, in producing the structure, the rigidity of the structure will be maintained during the period necessary to set the concrete, i.e. a period normally in excess of 1 6 hours, admission of moisture to the boards being achieved either solely by the porosity of the outer sheets or through both the sheet(s) and the edge membrane. It must be noted of course that at least one of the outer sheets used in the board must be impermeable to a degree if concrete is to be laid directly there against. However, the use of a plastic sheet underlay which is sometimes employed will avoid significant difficulties.
Alternatively, one of the outer sheets may be impermeable.
It will be appreciated that various modifications may be made to the above described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.
For example, the panel may be produced, so far as the outer sheets are concerned, of any suitable material which is, in an eventual assessment, porous. Such materials include hardboard, chipboard, composition board, high class building papers and thick cardboard. Where desired, to assist porosity, perforations may be formed in the boards. The water destructible separator which has been described as a honeycomb structure may be of a different shape and, for example, the honeycomb structure shown may be replaced by other suitable degradable separating means, for example longitudinal strips. While polythene sheeting has been proposed as an impermeable edge wrapping material, any other suitable water impermeable sheet for example, P.V.C. could be used in these circumstances. Any suitable material may be used for the dipping embodiment and provided that the deposited membrane, where impermeability is required, completely water tight, or is at least as water tight as the outer sheets of the structure where both of the outer sheets of the structure are porous to an extent that the water in the concrete will pass through during casting, the wrapping or membrane may be extended to cover not only the edges of the structure but also the outer surface of the structure intended to come into contact with the concrete.
In an alternative form of the invention, the outer sheets may be impermeable and, with a permeable or soluble edge strip, degradation of the structure can take place solely by ingress at the edges.
Claims (13)
1. A collapsible structure which is generally rigid when dry and is collapsible under the action of moisture comprising a separating structure, whose rigidity is attacked by moisture, sandwiched between two sheets of material wherein the two sheets of material are connected together around the entire edge of the structure by a membrane which is at least retardant to moisture so as to prevent or retard the ingress of moisture to the separating structure.
2. A structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the said two sheets is able to permit ingress after a more or less protracted period.
3. A structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the membrane is impermeable to water and or liquid.
4. A structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the membrane is water and/or liquid soluble.
5. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the membrane comprises a strip of plastics material secured to one of the said two sheets at each side and extending across the spacing between the two sheets.
6. A structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the strip is secured by adhesives.
7. A structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the adhesive is water and/or liquid soluble.
8. A structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the adhesive is water and/or liquid insoluble.
9. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the membrane is formed by dipping or spraying the edges of the structure into or with a liquid which solidifies into a membrane.
10. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the membrane extends around at least a further part of the structure.
11. A collapsible structure substantially as described herein with reference to the drawings.
12. A method of building comprising forming a shuttering and/or supporting structures for concrete from boards of collapsible structures as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. A method of building using a collapsible structure, which method is substantially as described herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8211451 | 1982-04-21 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8310694D0 GB8310694D0 (en) | 1983-05-25 |
| GB2120601A true GB2120601A (en) | 1983-12-07 |
| GB2120601B GB2120601B (en) | 1986-04-16 |
Family
ID=10529811
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08310694A Expired GB2120601B (en) | 1982-04-21 | 1983-04-20 | Collapsible structure |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE896511A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2120601B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8301390A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2183282A (en) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-06-03 | Jeffrey Charles Arthur Forkes | Building element |
| GB2186313A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1987-08-12 | Dufaylite Dev Ltd | Spacing components usable as temporary formwork for casting concrete |
| GB2250711B (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1992-10-28 | Gerber Scientific Instr Co | Lightweight table for a photoplotter and method of making same |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB802686A (en) * | 1955-03-31 | 1958-10-08 | Bettinger Corp | Improvements in or relating to honeycomb structures |
| GB1031301A (en) * | 1963-02-01 | 1966-06-02 | Bayer Ag | Building and structural elements based on synthetic plastic materials |
| GB1319638A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1973-06-06 | Int Paper Co | Rolle' edge sealed corrugated paperboard |
| GB1319523A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1973-06-06 | Int Paper Co | Edge sealed corrugated paperboard |
| GB1387816A (en) * | 1971-05-05 | 1975-03-19 | Torvale Holdings Ltd | Thermal insulation slab |
| GB1449675A (en) * | 1973-04-05 | 1976-09-15 | Vita International Ltd | Shock absorbing device |
-
1983
- 1983-04-20 GB GB08310694A patent/GB2120601B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-20 NL NL8301390A patent/NL8301390A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-04-20 BE BE2/60079A patent/BE896511A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB802686A (en) * | 1955-03-31 | 1958-10-08 | Bettinger Corp | Improvements in or relating to honeycomb structures |
| GB1031301A (en) * | 1963-02-01 | 1966-06-02 | Bayer Ag | Building and structural elements based on synthetic plastic materials |
| GB1319638A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1973-06-06 | Int Paper Co | Rolle' edge sealed corrugated paperboard |
| GB1319523A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1973-06-06 | Int Paper Co | Edge sealed corrugated paperboard |
| GB1387816A (en) * | 1971-05-05 | 1975-03-19 | Torvale Holdings Ltd | Thermal insulation slab |
| GB1449675A (en) * | 1973-04-05 | 1976-09-15 | Vita International Ltd | Shock absorbing device |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2183282A (en) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-06-03 | Jeffrey Charles Arthur Forkes | Building element |
| GB2186313A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1987-08-12 | Dufaylite Dev Ltd | Spacing components usable as temporary formwork for casting concrete |
| GB2186313B (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1989-11-01 | Dufaylite Dev Ltd | Spacing components |
| GB2250711B (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1992-10-28 | Gerber Scientific Instr Co | Lightweight table for a photoplotter and method of making same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2120601B (en) | 1986-04-16 |
| NL8301390A (en) | 1983-11-16 |
| GB8310694D0 (en) | 1983-05-25 |
| BE896511A (en) | 1983-08-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20030419 |