GB2119907A - Method and apparatus for forming an electrically conductive bridging element in an electric igniter - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for forming an electrically conductive bridging element in an electric igniter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2119907A GB2119907A GB08311603A GB8311603A GB2119907A GB 2119907 A GB2119907 A GB 2119907A GB 08311603 A GB08311603 A GB 08311603A GB 8311603 A GB8311603 A GB 8311603A GB 2119907 A GB2119907 A GB 2119907A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mask
- igniter
- igniters
- pole
- planar surfaces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003578 releasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/195—Manufacture
- F42B3/198—Manufacture of electric initiator heads e.g., testing, machines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/12—Primers; Detonators electric
Abstract
Electrically conducting pole- bridging elements are formed on igniters having a planar surface formed by contiguous end surfaces of first and second pole bodies 2, 3 of the igniter and an electrically insulating body 4 therebetween, by (1) arranging a plurality of said igniters so so that their planar surfaces lie in a common plane; (2) positioning a mask 11 adjacent said planar surface, said mask having openings therethrough of configuration corresponding to the pole-bridging elements; and (3) depositing electrically conductive material onto said planar surfaces through said mask openings. Apparatus for carrying out this method includes a recessed support 8 for mounting the igniters and a force plate 12 comprising individual springs 12a to press each igniter against the under surface of the mask. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method and apparatus for forming an electrically conductive bridging element between two pole bodies of an electric igniter unit
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing an electrically conductive bridging element on a planar surface of an electric igniter unit, such as a detonator cap or the like.
Igniter units are known which comprise two separated, electrically-conductive pole bodies, a first pole body and a second pole body, and an electrically insulating body disposed between the pole bodies, said pole bodies and insulating body having contiguous end surfaces which together define a planar surface. The pole bodies are electrically connected by a bridging element formed on the planar surface and which, when the igniter is to be operated, is heated by flow of electric current therethrough for ignition of an adjacent pyrotechnic charge or a corresponding powder composition.
(See, for instance, Swedish Patent Application No.
77.04435-2.)
In such igniters it is important that the mass of the bridging element should be comparatively small in order to obtain a rapid ignition of the pyrotechnic charge. In consequence, the bridging element is mechanically fixed not only to the two pole bodies but also to the insulating body of the igniters in order to provide greater strength both forthe heating element as such and its connections to the pole bodies.
It is also important that the mass of the bridging element should be accurately determined, so that its resistive and heat releasing properties can be accurately predetermined. An accurate determination of the resistance is fundamental for calculating the amount of electrical energy required for initiating the igniter, the heat releasing properties of the bridging element, the time for ignition, etc.
In order to form the bridging element, it has previously been suggested to apply electrically conducting material over the entire planar surface of the igniter as a first step, and then subsequently remove unwanted areas of the applied conducting layer with a laser apparatus, the areas of conductive material remaining then forming the bridging element of desired configuration. The electrically conductive material has preferably been a metal applied directly onto the planar surface by known techniques, e.g. vapour deposition, sputtering or any other suitable method known peruse. Different metals, applied in one or more layers, have been used, for instance chrome, chrome alloys and/or gold or a corresponding metal.
However, to use a laser apparatus for forming the bridging elements means that complex and hence costly apparatus is required, and the manufacturing process itself is complicated. As a consequence, such laser cutting methods for forming the bridging elements have been of limited use.
The object of the present invention is to provide a simpler means for forming the bridging elements on electric igniters.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a method of forming electrically conducting pole-bridging elements on igniters of the kind having a planar surface formed by contiguous end surfaces of first and second pole bodies of the igniter and an electrically insulating body therebetween, comprising the steps of:
(1) arranging a plurality of said igniters so that their planar surfaces lie in a common plane;
(2) positioning a mask adjacent said planar surfaces, said mask having openings therethrough of configuration corresponding to the pole-bridging elements to be formed on said planar surfaces; and
(3) depositing electrically conductive material onto said planar surfaces through said mask openings, thereby to to form said pole-bridging elements on said igniters.
The present invention also provides apparatus useful for carrying outa method of forming electrically conducting pole-bridging elements on igniters, comprising an igniter support member having a plurality of recesses each for receiving an igniter therein with its planar surface facing outwards from said recess, spring force means arranged to act upon igniters received within said recess to urge said planar surfaces thereof towards a common plane; and a mask adapted to be positioned adjacent said planar surfaces of igniters received within said recesses with openings therethrough registering with predetermined areas of said planar surfaces, said openings being of configuration corresponding to the pole-bridging elements to be formed on said planar surfaces.
Further embodiments according to the invention relate to the form of the mask with respect to its holes, and its application to the igniter support, specifically the hole configurations and the use of spring force means which are arranged to urge the planar surfaces of the igniters towards the common plane in which these surfaces are disposed during the formation of the bridging elements.
Preferred embodiments of the invention make it possible to manufacture metallic bridging elements on igniter units to very high manufacturing tolerances, despite the fact that comparatively simple apparatus is employed. Reproducibility is good notwithstanding the comparatively simple manufacturing techniques involved, and a very high edge sharpness of the bridging elements can be achieved.
The mask or covering plate can be made by means of so-called electro forming, which is a method known perse and whose use contributes to keeping manufacturing costs down.
The igniter units which are produced in accordance with this invention can be used in electric igniters for electronic fuses, ignition screws or the like.
The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure lisa longitudinal section through an electric igniter unit disposed in apparatus according to the invention and showing the mask for deposition of a metallic bridging element in position;
Figure 2 is an enlarged plan view of the igniter unit and a part of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 and in which the metalic bridging element to be formed is indicated by dashed lines;
Figure 3 is a plan view, on a smaller scale, of a mask such as may be used in the present invention;
Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a preferred construction of mask opening, taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 5; and
Figure 5 is a plan view illustrating the mask opening configuration according to Figure 3.
The type of electric igniter to which the present invention relates is previously known perse, see for instance Swedish patent application No. 77.04435-2.
As illustrated in Figure 1,such an igniter comprises a unit 1 with first and second electrically conductive pole bodies 2 and 3. The igniter unit 1 illustrated in
Figure 1 is of a coaxial form in which the first pole body 2 is coaxially arranged within the surrounding second pole body 3. The invention is not limited, however, to this coaxial type of igniter unit. The pole bodies 2 and 3 are made of an electrically conductive material which can be connected to a source of power (not shown) with different polarities. An insulating body 4 of a non-electrical material, preferably having a coefficient of expansion which is substantially the same as for the pole body material, is arranged between the first and second pole bodies.
In Figure 2 the contiguous end surfaces of the pole bodies and the insulating body are indicated by numerals 2a, 3a and 4a, respectively. These end surfaces are normally machined to give a very smooth surface which provides a common planar surface for the two pole bodies 2 and 3 as well as the insulating body 4. On this common planar surface, a metallic bridging element here comprising heating element 5 and connections 6 and 7 therefore, indicated by dashed lines in Figure 2, is to be applied.
As already mentioned, the mass of the heating element 5 must be accurately determined, and moreover the end connections 6 and 7 between the heating element 5 and the end surfaces 3a and 2a of the pole bodies should be strong. The bridging element serves to electrically connect the first and second pole bodies to allow an electric current to flow from the first to the second pole body, or vice versa, when the pole bodies are connected to an
electric energy source. The heating element 5 is designed to produce a specific amount of heat due to flow of a predetermined electric current for initiating a pyrotechnical charge or a corresponding explosive composition (not shown). A time control (not shown) can be provided if desired so that heat from the bridging element is developed in a shorter time for a large electric current and in a longer time for a small electric current.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the igniter unit 1 comprises a cylindrical part 1' from which the lower part of the central pole body 2
extends downwards. An igniter support member 8 is
provided with a plurality of, preferably a large
number of, recesses 9 (only one being shown in
Figure 1) into which a plurality of the igniter units can be inserted, one unit per recess. Each recess is provided with an annular shoulder 10 on which the circular bottom surface la of the electric igniter unit is supported when the unit has been completely inserted. Each recess is also provided with a narrower part 9a which extends downwards completely through the support 8 to its lower, planar end surface 8a and through which the lower part of the first pole body 2 can extend so that its lowest part 2b protrudes beyond the end surface 8a of the support 8.The fixture is also provided with an upper planar end surface 8b. The recess 9 of the support 8 has a size such that the planar end surface of the igniter unit, formed by the individual end surfaces 2a,3a and 4a, coincides with the upper planar end surface 8b of the fixture, and in this position, illustrated in
Figure 1, the lower part 2b of the first pole body protrudes under the lower end surface 8a of the fixture. Although it is preferred that the support 8 is disposed so that is recesses 9 are on the upper surface of the support, as shown in Figure 1, other dispositions of the apparatus are possible.
A mask or covering plate 11 is positioned on the upper end surface 8b of the support, so that its lower surface 1 la is in contact with that surface. A spring force plate 12 is positioned against the lower end surface 8a of the support, and comprises a number of individual springs 12a, corresponding to the number of recesses 9. Each spring 1 2a, co-operates with the protruding part 2b of the first pole body so that each igniter unit 1 is received in a recess 9 against a counter-acting spring force F. As shown, the spring force F acts upon the igniter unit in the upward direction which means that the planar end surface of the unit is pressed against the lower surface 1 la ofthe mask when the mask or covering plate 11 is secured in position.As will be appreciated, instead of a spring force plate of this type, other spring force means could be used, for instance an elastic rubber cloth orthe like. In Figure 1 the means for securing the mask to the upper surface 8b of the support has been indicated as a clamping device 13. Locating means are provided for correctly positioning the mask and support member 8 on one side and the support and the spring force plate on the other side. These locating means are schematically indicated by numerals 14 and 15, respectively in
Figure 1.
The mask is provided with through holes 1 1,b of a configuration, in plan, corresponding to the desired configuration, in plan, of the electrically conductive bridging element, i.e. heating element 5 and its connections 6 and 7, and located, when the mask is located in its correct position, in register with the areas of the planar end surfaces of the igniter units on which the bridging elements are to be formed.
The material forming the bridging elements is deposited on the igniter units through said holes 1 1b by means of vapour deposition, sputtering, magnetrons or any other similar method. Such methods are known perse and need not be described in detail here.
In Figure 3 a mask or covering plate provided with a plurality of holes is illustrated more in detail, by way of example. The precise design of the mask, e.g.
the number of holes, of course, can be varied. The mask is preferably made by means of electroforming which method also is known per se. In order to achieve high manufacturing tolerances the mask preferably is made of several layers. Figure 4 is an enlarged view of one through mask hole 1 1b and illustrates the preferred construction. Figure 5 is a plan view illustrating one suitable mask hole configuration 1 l b, which configuration determines the configuration of the heating element 5' and its connections 6' and 7' which are substantially larger in area than the heating section 5' of the bridging element.The connections are comparatively large in order to achieve a strong connection between the bridging element and the end surfaces 2a and 3a of the first and second pole bodies, respectively.
In the embodiment of mask construction shown in
Figure 4, each through hole 1 1b of the mask comprises a first, larger hole 1 it', through the entire mask material and a second, smaller hole 1 1b" through a part8cofthe mask which extends between the holes which correspond to the enlarged connections 6' and 7'. The part 8c has a thickness A substantially less than the total mask thickness B.
For example, the thickness A, can, for instance, be 0.025 mm. The width C of the hole 1 16" would typically be approximately 0.05 mm. The manufacturing tolerances for such a hole width can be as high as 10-3 mm or more.
The holes 6' and 7', to form the connections 6 and 7 respectively, are shown in Figure 5 as being circular in the horizontal plan view. By way of example, the diameter of the circular hole 6' can be 1.0 i 0.03 mm and the diameter of the hole 7' can be 0.6 t 0.03 mm.
The illustrated apparatus can be used to provide well-defined and electrically conductive bridging elements on the planar end surfaces of igniter units in the following way. First, a plurality of igniter units 1 are inserted in the recesses of the support 8. In its recess, each igniter unit 1 is subjected to the counter-acting spring force F so that the planar end surface of the igniter unit (formedby the individual contiguous, end surfaces 2a, 3a and 4a of the pole bodies 2 and 3 and the insulating body 4, respectively) coincides with the surface 8b of the support. A mask 11 or covering plate having through holes 1 1b of the predetermined selected configuration (one example of such a configuration is illustrated in
Figure 5) is next positioned on the common surface 8b so that its holes correspond to specific areas of the planar end surfaces of the igniter.The material to form the units received within the recesses, heating elements 5 and their connections 6,7 to the pole bodies, can now be deposited on the planar surfaces 2a, 3a and 4a of each igniter unit via said through holes in the mask, whereby the hole configurations are such that the desired bridging elements and connections are formed.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, various modifications can be made to the illustrated embodiments, within the scope of the invention. For instance, more than one metallic heating element, for instance two or more, together with their connections, can be applied simultaneously onto the planar end surface of each igniter unit. In such cases, two or more heating elements can have the same connections.
By means of this method it is possible to obtain a strong connection between the bridging elements and the igniter units.
Claims (17)
1. A method offorming electrically conducting pole-bridging elements on igniters of the kind having a planar surface formed by contiguous end surfaces of first and second pole bodies of the igniter and an electrically insulating body therebetween, comprising the steps of:
(1) arranging a plurality of said igniters so so that their planar surfaces lie in a common plane;
(2) positioning a mask adjacent said planar surface, said mask having openings therethrough of configuration corresponding to the pole-bridging elements to be formed on said planar surfaces; and
(3) depositing electrically conductive material onto said planar surfaces through said mask openings, thereby to form said pole-bridging elements on said igniters.
2. A method according to Claim 1, wherein said igniters are arranged so that their planar surfaces form the upper surface of the array of igniters, said mask is placed stop said planar surfaces, and said electrically conducting material is deposited downwards through said mask openings onto said planar surfaces.
3. A method according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein said planar surfaces of the igniters are spring-loaded against the adjacent face of said mask to maintain them in said common plane during the deposition of said electrically-conductive material.
4. A method according to Claim 3, wherein said igniters are each individually received in a recess formed in a support member against the action of a spring force, and said mask is secured to said support member.
5. A method according to any preceding Claim, wherein said electrically conductive material is a metal or metal alloy and is deposited by a method known perse.
6. Apparatus useful for carrying out a method of forming electrically conducting pole-bridging elements on igniters as defined in any preceding Claim, comprising an igniter support member having a plurality of recesses each for receiving an igniter therein with its planar surface facing outwards from said recess; spring force means arranged to act upon igniters received within said recess to urge said planar surfaces thereof towards a common plane; and a mask adapted to be positioned adjacent said planar sufaces of igniters received within said recesses with openings therethrough registering with predetermined areas of said planar surfaces, said openings being of configuration corresponding to the pole-bridging elements to be formed on said planar surfaces.
7. Apparatus according to Claim 6, wherein said igniter support member comprises a flat surface in which said recesses are formed, said mask is adapted to be positioned on said flat surface, sand said spring force means are arranged to urge said planar surfaces of said igniters into contact with said mask when so positioned.
8. Apparatus according to Claim 6 of Claim 7, wherein said mask consists of a covering plate made by an electro forming technique.
9. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 6 to 8, wherein said mask is provided with openings configured to form pole-bridging elements on said igniters which compise a heating elements and end connections for electrically connecting the heating element to said pole bodies of the igniter.
10. Apparatus according to Claim 9, wherein the thickness of the mask in the regions thereof providing the openings corresponding to the heating elements is small compared with the thickness of the remaining regions of the mask.
11. Apparatus according to Claim 10, wherein said mask openings are configured to form on each igniter a pole-bridging element comprising a heating element of relatively small area and end connections therefor each of relatively larger area, and wherein the regions of said openings corresponding to said end connections are formed in said thicker regions of the mask, whereby, on deposition of electrically conductive material through said mask opening there are formed end connections which are thicker than said heating elements.
12. Apparatus according to Claim 11, wherein said regions of said mask openings corresponding to said end sections of the pole-bridging element are substantially circular in plan.
13. Apparatus according to Claim 12, wherein one of said substantially circular openings is of larger diameter than the other.
14. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 6 to 13, including also a spring force plate on the side of said igniter support member remote from said common plane and providing individual spring force means for acting on each igniter received in said recesses of said igniter support member.
15. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 6 to 14, wherein each said recess of said igniter support member defines a shoulder for supporting an igniter received thereinto against the action of said spring force, wherein the depth of the recess corresponds to the length of the main body part of the igniter to be received thereby, and wherein the apparatus is so arranged that said planarsurface of said igniter, when received in said recess, faces upwardly and is coplanar with the upper surface of said igniter support member.
16. A method of forming electrically conducting pole-bridging elements on igniters, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
17. Apparatus useful for forming electrically conducting pole-bridging elements on igniters, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8202719A SE430723B (en) | 1982-04-30 | 1982-04-30 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR ASTADCOM A WELL-DEFINED AND ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE BRIDGE BETWEEN TWO POLE CROPS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8311603D0 GB8311603D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
| GB2119907A true GB2119907A (en) | 1983-11-23 |
| GB2119907B GB2119907B (en) | 1985-10-30 |
Family
ID=20346683
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08311603A Expired GB2119907B (en) | 1982-04-30 | 1983-04-28 | Method and apparatus for forming an electrically conductive bridging element in an electric igniter |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT383892B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH660785A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3315026A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2526157B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2119907B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1164899B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8301450A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE430723B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4686903A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1987-08-18 | Ems-Inventia AG | Method of manufacturing a pole body for an electric fuse, pole body for an electric fuse and method of using the pole body |
| US4715280A (en) * | 1984-05-24 | 1987-12-29 | Ems-Inventa Ag | Pole body for an electric fuze, method of manufacturing and method of using the pole body |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1278611A (en) * | 1968-07-25 | 1972-06-21 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Improvements in or relating to electrically operable igniters |
| GB2049651A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1980-12-31 | Brock Fireworks | Coating Surfaces with Explosive or Pyrotechnic Compositions |
| GB1598002A (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1981-09-16 | Bofors Ab | Electric igniter |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2986803A (en) * | 1949-01-06 | 1961-06-06 | Richard H F Stresau | Method and means for producing a low energy detonator |
| US2977878A (en) * | 1954-01-13 | 1961-04-04 | Christian F Kinkel | Detonator |
| NL100912C (en) * | 1954-10-11 | |||
| US3686934A (en) * | 1967-10-19 | 1972-08-29 | Space Ordinance Systems Inc | Microdetonator assembly |
-
1982
- 1982-04-30 SE SE8202719A patent/SE430723B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-04-25 NL NL8301450A patent/NL8301450A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-04-26 DE DE19833315026 patent/DE3315026A1/en active Granted
- 1983-04-27 IT IT48164/83A patent/IT1164899B/en active
- 1983-04-28 GB GB08311603A patent/GB2119907B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-29 CH CH2331/83A patent/CH660785A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-29 FR FR8307152A patent/FR2526157B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-29 AT AT0156683A patent/AT383892B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1278611A (en) * | 1968-07-25 | 1972-06-21 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Improvements in or relating to electrically operable igniters |
| GB1598002A (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1981-09-16 | Bofors Ab | Electric igniter |
| GB2049651A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1980-12-31 | Brock Fireworks | Coating Surfaces with Explosive or Pyrotechnic Compositions |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4686903A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1987-08-18 | Ems-Inventia AG | Method of manufacturing a pole body for an electric fuse, pole body for an electric fuse and method of using the pole body |
| US4715280A (en) * | 1984-05-24 | 1987-12-29 | Ems-Inventa Ag | Pole body for an electric fuze, method of manufacturing and method of using the pole body |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE8202719L (en) | 1983-10-31 |
| CH660785A5 (en) | 1987-06-15 |
| GB8311603D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
| ATA156683A (en) | 1987-01-15 |
| FR2526157A1 (en) | 1983-11-04 |
| NL8301450A (en) | 1983-11-16 |
| SE430723B (en) | 1983-12-05 |
| IT1164899B (en) | 1987-04-15 |
| IT8348164A0 (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| FR2526157B1 (en) | 1987-06-19 |
| DE3315026A1 (en) | 1983-11-10 |
| DE3315026C2 (en) | 1990-10-25 |
| AT383892B (en) | 1987-09-10 |
| GB2119907B (en) | 1985-10-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19940428 |