GB2118538A - Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements - Google Patents

Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2118538A
GB2118538A GB08226173A GB8226173A GB2118538A GB 2118538 A GB2118538 A GB 2118538A GB 08226173 A GB08226173 A GB 08226173A GB 8226173 A GB8226173 A GB 8226173A GB 2118538 A GB2118538 A GB 2118538A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
earth
mixture
bricks
particles
mould
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08226173A
Other versions
GB2118538B (en
Inventor
Tian Khoo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB08226173A priority Critical patent/GB2118538B/en
Publication of GB2118538A publication Critical patent/GB2118538A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2118538B publication Critical patent/GB2118538B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/10—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/36—Inorganic materials not provided for in groups C04B14/022 and C04B14/04 - C04B14/34
    • C04B14/361—Soil, e.g. laterite

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

A structural element is manufactured by (a) excavating earth from the ground; (b) removing coarse particles from the earth to leave fine particles; (c) adding to said fine particles an additive comprising oxides of calcium, silicon, and of aluminium or aluminium and iron; (d) placing the mixture thus obtained into a mould and pressing the mixture to shape it in the mould; and (e) removing the shaped material from the mould and allowing to dry.

Description

SPECIFICATION Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements This invention relates to the manufacture of structural elements, in particular bricks.
My co-pending British Patent Application No.
8012026 (from which the present application is divided) describes and claims a brick in which the top surface and at least one of the two end surfaces are formed with an indented region such that a plurality of identical bricks can be bonded together by placing a bonding agent in the said indented regions to form thereby a wall or other structure in which the bonding agent is fully concealed, the indented region on the top surface of the brick being in the form of a V-shaped depression extending lengthwise along the brick and occupying a major proportion of the top surface of the brick; and in which the bottom surface of the brick is formed with at least one indented channel or groove extending lengthwise in said bottom surface.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing from earth a structural element, e.g. a brick or a tile, comprising (a) excavating earth from the ground; (b) removing coarse particles from the earth to leave fine particles; (c) adding to said fine particles an additive comprising oxides of calcium, silicon, and of aluminium or aluminium and iron; (d) placing the mixture thus obtained into a mould and pressing the mixture to shape it in the mould; and (e) removing the shaped material from the mould and allowing itto dry.
The method of this invention is suitable for producing (i) conventional bricks; (ii) bricks having the form described and claimed in my copending British Patent Application No. 8012026; and (iii) earth-based roofing tiles and floor tiles.
Coarse particles can be removed from the excavated earth by, for example, a drying step followed by a grinding step; an alternative method is to allow the coarse particles to sediment out of an aqueous dispersion of earth particles. Such sedimentation can be assisted by churning the earth particles with water to form a sludge which can then be poured onto the ground to drain. The mould used in fabricating the structural element will be selected according to the shape of element required, e.g.
whether bricks ortiles are to be made.
The additive which is incorporated into the fine earth particles preferably comprises 65% slaked lime (or quicklime), 25% silica and 10% of an aluminium oxide-ferric oxide mixture. 8-10 parts of additive may be incorporated for each 100 parts (by weight) of ground earth particles. Afterthe bricks have been removed from their moulds, they can be stacked to dry naturally. It is not necessary to fire the bricks before they are suitable for use.
The additive can be formulated either as a mixture of bulk chemicals or as a mixture of commercially available materials which may include Pozzolanic cement, Portland cement, slag and high alumina cement. The preferred material is Portland cement.
The following table illustrates the proportions of the principal compounds in these four materials and in commercially available slaked lime:
S1o2 Al O3-Fe Al2O3-Fe2O3 O3 Oipoinnt 2 2 1. Lime 1%-5% 1%-3% 90%-95% 2. Poco1ani Cement 45%-55%; 35%45% 2%-8% 3. Portland Cement 20%-23% 8%-12% 62%-68% 4. Slag cement 27% 12%-16% 11% 5. Alunina Agent 4 > Eo% 45 Portland cement may also contain MgO, typically about 1.2%; SO3, typically about 2.6%; L.O.I., typi cally about 2.1%: K2O, typically about 0.5%; and F.CaO, typically about 2.1%.
Bricks produced by the method of the invention can be given a variety of surface finishes. A smooth finish is obtained if the bricks are allowed to dry naturally. A "rock finish" can be obtained by abrading the sides of the brick after it has hardened (e.g.
after being allowed to dry naturally for one week); a wire brush may be used for this purpose. If such abrading is effected after only 24 hours of drying time, a less coarse finish known as "Shanghai finish" is obtained. Other types of finish can be obtained by incorporating sand or chippings into the earth, e.g. Laterite earth, from which the brick is formed. Colouring materials may likewise be incorporated so as to give a coloured end product. A flock-coated finish can also be carried out, using conventional methods to give a product which is decorative, has excellent sound absorption properties and is ideal for floor covering purposes, especially with tiles made by the method of the invention.
1. A method of manufacturing from earth a structural element, comprising (a) excavating earth from the ground; (b) removing coarse particles from the earth to leave fine particles; (c) adding to said fine particles an additive comprising oxides of calcium, silicon, and of aluminium or aluminium and iron; (d) placing the mixture thus obtained into a mould and pressing the mixture to shape it in the mould; and (e) removing the shaped material from the mould and allowing itto dry.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the additive which is incorporated into the fine earth particles comprises 65% lime, 25% silica and 10% of aluminium oxide-ferric oxide mixture.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein 8-10 parts of additive are incorporated for each 100 parts (by weight) of ground earth particles.
4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the structural element is a brick.
5. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the structural element is a floor or wall tile.
6. A method of manufacturing a structural ele
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (5)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements This invention relates to the manufacture of structural elements, in particular bricks. My co-pending British Patent Application No. 8012026 (from which the present application is divided) describes and claims a brick in which the top surface and at least one of the two end surfaces are formed with an indented region such that a plurality of identical bricks can be bonded together by placing a bonding agent in the said indented regions to form thereby a wall or other structure in which the bonding agent is fully concealed, the indented region on the top surface of the brick being in the form of a V-shaped depression extending lengthwise along the brick and occupying a major proportion of the top surface of the brick; and in which the bottom surface of the brick is formed with at least one indented channel or groove extending lengthwise in said bottom surface. According to the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing from earth a structural element, e.g. a brick or a tile, comprising (a) excavating earth from the ground; (b) removing coarse particles from the earth to leave fine particles; (c) adding to said fine particles an additive comprising oxides of calcium, silicon, and of aluminium or aluminium and iron; (d) placing the mixture thus obtained into a mould and pressing the mixture to shape it in the mould; and (e) removing the shaped material from the mould and allowing itto dry. The method of this invention is suitable for producing (i) conventional bricks; (ii) bricks having the form described and claimed in my copending British Patent Application No. 8012026; and (iii) earth-based roofing tiles and floor tiles. Coarse particles can be removed from the excavated earth by, for example, a drying step followed by a grinding step; an alternative method is to allow the coarse particles to sediment out of an aqueous dispersion of earth particles. Such sedimentation can be assisted by churning the earth particles with water to form a sludge which can then be poured onto the ground to drain. The mould used in fabricating the structural element will be selected according to the shape of element required, e.g. whether bricks ortiles are to be made. The additive which is incorporated into the fine earth particles preferably comprises 65% slaked lime (or quicklime), 25% silica and 10% of an aluminium oxide-ferric oxide mixture. 8-10 parts of additive may be incorporated for each 100 parts (by weight) of ground earth particles. Afterthe bricks have been removed from their moulds, they can be stacked to dry naturally. It is not necessary to fire the bricks before they are suitable for use. The additive can be formulated either as a mixture of bulk chemicals or as a mixture of commercially available materials which may include Pozzolanic cement, Portland cement, slag and high alumina cement. The preferred material is Portland cement. The following table illustrates the proportions of the principal compounds in these four materials and in commercially available slaked lime: S1o2 Al O3-Fe Al2O3-Fe2O3 O3 Oipoinnt 2 2 1. Lime 1%-5% 1%-3% 90%-95% 2. Poco1ani Cement 45%-55%; 35%45% 2%-8% 3. Portland Cement 20%-23% 8%-12% 62%-68% 4. Slag cement 27% 12%-16% 11% 5. Alunina Agent 4 > Eo% 45 Portland cement may also contain MgO, typically about 1.2%; SO3, typically about 2.6%; L.O.I., typi cally about 2.1%: K2O, typically about 0.5%; and F.CaO, typically about 2.1%. Bricks produced by the method of the invention can be given a variety of surface finishes. A smooth finish is obtained if the bricks are allowed to dry naturally. A "rock finish" can be obtained by abrading the sides of the brick after it has hardened (e.g. after being allowed to dry naturally for one week); a wire brush may be used for this purpose. If such abrading is effected after only 24 hours of drying time, a less coarse finish known as "Shanghai finish" is obtained. Other types of finish can be obtained by incorporating sand or chippings into the earth, e.g. Laterite earth, from which the brick is formed. Colouring materials may likewise be incorporated so as to give a coloured end product. A flock-coated finish can also be carried out, using conventional methods to give a product which is decorative, has excellent sound absorption properties and is ideal for floor covering purposes, especially with tiles made by the method of the invention. CLAIMS
1. A method of manufacturing from earth a structural element, comprising (a) excavating earth from the ground; (b) removing coarse particles from the earth to leave fine particles; (c) adding to said fine particles an additive comprising oxides of calcium, silicon, and of aluminium or aluminium and iron; (d) placing the mixture thus obtained into a mould and pressing the mixture to shape it in the mould; and (e) removing the shaped material from the mould and allowing itto dry.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the additive which is incorporated into the fine earth particles comprises 65% lime, 25% silica and 10% of aluminium oxide-ferric oxide mixture.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein 8-10 parts of additive are incorporated for each 100 parts (by weight) of ground earth particles.
4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the structural element is a brick.
5. A structural element whenever produced by a method as claimed in any preceding claim.
5. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the structural element is a floor or wall tile.
6. A method of manufacturing a structural ele ment substantially as hereinbefore described.
7. A structural element whenever produced by a method as claimed in any preceding claim.
New claims or amendments to claims filed on 22nd March 1983 Superseded claims 1 to 7 New or amended claims:
1. A method of manufacturing from earth a structural element, comprising (a) excavating earth from the ground; (b) removing coarse particles from the earth to leave fine particles; (c) adding to said fine particles 8-10 parts by weight (per 100 parts by weight of said particles) of an additive comprising by weight about 65% lime, 25% silica and 10% of an aluminium oxide-ferric oxide mixture; (d) adding water to the resultant mixture to form a workable mixture; (e) placing the mixture thus obtained into a mould and pressing the mixture to shape it in the mould; and (f) removing the shaped material from the mould and allowing it to dry.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the structural element is a brick.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the structural element is a floor or wall tile.
4. A method of manufacturing a structural element substantially as hereinbefore described.
GB08226173A 1979-04-11 1982-09-14 Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements Expired GB2118538B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08226173A GB2118538B (en) 1979-04-11 1982-09-14 Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7912715 1979-04-11
GB08226173A GB2118538B (en) 1979-04-11 1982-09-14 Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2118538A true GB2118538A (en) 1983-11-02
GB2118538B GB2118538B (en) 1984-03-21

Family

ID=26271214

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08226173A Expired GB2118538B (en) 1979-04-11 1982-09-14 Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2118538B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2161471A (en) * 1984-06-12 1986-01-15 Yu Rin Hu Manufacture of fire bricks
CN106977175A (en) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of preparation method of light wall tile

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB223284A (en) * 1923-07-11 1924-10-13 Erich Roucka Improved apparatus for indicating or measuring at a distance physical or chemical values
GB246202A (en) * 1924-10-17 1926-01-18 Frederick Thomas Walker Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of stone, and bricks, blocks, slabs or the like therefrom
GB268633A (en) * 1926-08-27 1927-04-07 Ivor Francis Shellard Composition for building walls, floors and structures
GB276836A (en) * 1926-09-15 1927-09-08 John Howard Improved facing and glazing materials for building and flooring, bricks, tiles, chimney pots and like articles
GB292925A (en) * 1927-06-24 1929-05-09 Arthur Tetzner A process for the production of building stones
GB724191A (en) * 1951-09-14 1955-02-16 Ici Ltd Waterproofing and stabilising of soil-cement bricks and mixtures
GB775908A (en) * 1954-12-23 1957-05-29 Corson G & W H Improvements in or relating to stabilized soil compositions
GB849234A (en) * 1957-11-25 1960-09-21 Corson G & W H Soil composition
GB942613A (en) * 1960-09-12 1963-11-27 Dow Chemical Co Structural material compositions containing clay
US3645764A (en) * 1968-12-06 1972-02-29 Sinclair Oil Corp Method of producing high-strength construction compositions of a mixture of soil, portland cement and asphalt
GB1580277A (en) * 1978-04-13 1980-12-03 Seang Ha Park Manufacture of clay-based articles
GB1580908A (en) * 1976-12-15 1980-12-10 Ecc Quarries Ltd Production of sand

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB223284A (en) * 1923-07-11 1924-10-13 Erich Roucka Improved apparatus for indicating or measuring at a distance physical or chemical values
GB246202A (en) * 1924-10-17 1926-01-18 Frederick Thomas Walker Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of stone, and bricks, blocks, slabs or the like therefrom
GB268633A (en) * 1926-08-27 1927-04-07 Ivor Francis Shellard Composition for building walls, floors and structures
GB276836A (en) * 1926-09-15 1927-09-08 John Howard Improved facing and glazing materials for building and flooring, bricks, tiles, chimney pots and like articles
GB292925A (en) * 1927-06-24 1929-05-09 Arthur Tetzner A process for the production of building stones
GB724191A (en) * 1951-09-14 1955-02-16 Ici Ltd Waterproofing and stabilising of soil-cement bricks and mixtures
GB775908A (en) * 1954-12-23 1957-05-29 Corson G & W H Improvements in or relating to stabilized soil compositions
GB849234A (en) * 1957-11-25 1960-09-21 Corson G & W H Soil composition
GB942613A (en) * 1960-09-12 1963-11-27 Dow Chemical Co Structural material compositions containing clay
US3645764A (en) * 1968-12-06 1972-02-29 Sinclair Oil Corp Method of producing high-strength construction compositions of a mixture of soil, portland cement and asphalt
GB1580908A (en) * 1976-12-15 1980-12-10 Ecc Quarries Ltd Production of sand
GB1580277A (en) * 1978-04-13 1980-12-03 Seang Ha Park Manufacture of clay-based articles

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2161471A (en) * 1984-06-12 1986-01-15 Yu Rin Hu Manufacture of fire bricks
CN106977175A (en) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of preparation method of light wall tile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2118538B (en) 1984-03-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4398960A (en) Concrete mixes
AU779390B2 (en) Concrete composition
DE69011633T2 (en) STRUCTURAL PERLITE CONCRETE OF HIGH STRENGTH.
EP0312323B1 (en) Cement compositions
DE3403866A1 (en) METHOD FOR FASTENING A POURABLE PIPE MIX
KR101877528B1 (en) Cement composition having rapid hardening properties for runway reparing and runway repairing method using the same
US11325279B2 (en) Architectural blocks with stone-like appearance and method of manufacture
GB2118538A (en) Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements
KR20060096205A (en) Mortar compositions for artificial stone and a method for making of the artificial stone
US7824322B2 (en) Titanium production waste byproduct as partial cement replacement
SU1114646A1 (en) Raw mix for making light-weight silica brick
EP0615518B1 (en) Method of processing lignite fly-ash
KR20030068086A (en) A high-performance porous concrete composition with a granulated mineral admixtures
GB2048979A (en) Bricks and other structural elements
ES2080243T3 (en) SAND-CEMENT MIX SUITABLE FOR MORTAR.
JP3242623B2 (en) Wall structure
US11707863B2 (en) Architectural blocks with stone-like appearance and method of manufacture
EP2831014B1 (en) Method for manufacturing concrete, mortar or grout using lignite fly ash and concrete, mortar or grout obtainable by said method
SU967986A1 (en) Concrete mix
JPH11199294A (en) Concrete composition mixed with glass waste and its formed body
US1894628A (en) Composition of matter
KR100230916B1 (en) High strength of composition
RU2074144C1 (en) Raw material mix for preparation of chemically stable silicon-concrete of autoclave hardening
US1808905A (en) Building material
KR930008086B1 (en) Method of cement used bottom ash

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee