GB2115862A - Sheet material marker surface for roadways and the like - Google Patents
Sheet material marker surface for roadways and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2115862A GB2115862A GB08302814A GB8302814A GB2115862A GB 2115862 A GB2115862 A GB 2115862A GB 08302814 A GB08302814 A GB 08302814A GB 8302814 A GB8302814 A GB 8302814A GB 2115862 A GB2115862 A GB 2115862A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- wedges
- indicating
- width
- flat top
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001944 Plastisol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004999 plastisol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/576—Traffic lines
- E01F9/578—Traffic lines consisting of preformed elements, e.g. tapes, block-type elements specially designed or arranged to make up a traffic line
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
Abstract
A surface marking strip for adhering to a road surface comprises trapezoidal wedges T intermittently deformed upwardly from the strip and having retroreflective beads 3 embedded in at least the inclined surfaces 2' 2''. The flat top of the wedges 2 is comparable in width to the width of the valley 1 between successive wedges. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Sheet material marker surface for roadways and the like
The present invention relates to the distinctive marking of the directions of travel on motoring highways, airports and other surfaces, with the aid of thin marker strips adhered to the traveling or other surface and embodying successive spaced wedges provided with retroreflective materials, the invention being more particularly concerned with improved marker strips for such purposes.
Because of the extremely shallow angle that is made between an automobile headlamp and the roadway it illuminates, only a very small percentage of the light is reflected back for use by the motorist. The problem is made even more severe by the fact that the road surface is usually quite flat with poor reflection characteristics, black asphalt being the worst road surface from this viewpoint. Average road surface visibility with low beams for the automobile head lamps at night is usually restricted to about 100 feet. Considerable improvement is made by painting a white stripe on the road surface; but even this, with a freshly painted line, does not extend road surface visibility much beyond a couple of hundred feet. When the road surface is wet with rain, moreover, the visibility is drastically reduced even with a freshly painted line and does not extend more than a few tens of feet.The thin film of water which covers the road and paint surface acts like a mirror which reflects nearly all of the automobile headlamps' light away from the motorist. Thus, during rainy weather at night, even though provided with a good white stripe, the road appears almost pitch black to the motorist-this being the major reason why night driving in the rain is so treacherous.
The art has concluded that the only practical way to overcome this poor visibility is by means of raised pavement markers which literally extend above the thin film of water and retroreflect light back to the motorist. While commonly used in certain regions of the nation, especially in sunny climates, they are seldom used in the snow regions because of the destructive effects of snowplows. Efforts have been made to overcome this difficulty by designing a protective framework or ramp which literally guides the snowplow blade up and over the marker with little damage; but the general inability of some of these markers to withstand the harsh treatment given by the snowplows has prevented their widespread adoption. Such special constructions, furthermore, are expensive and are therefore usually positioned quite far apart.In addition they are useful only at night when illuminated by automobile headlamps and are poorly visible, if at all, by the motoring public during daylight hours, often requiring an additional or supplemental marker in the form of a painted line or a plastic line for daytime driving guidance.
The art has struggled for years, however, with a wide assortment of raised pavement markers, of one configuration or another, for the major purpose of guiding the night-driving motorist. The majority of these devices have little if any detectability or utility during daylight hours and are thus confined to night-time conditions wherein the illumination from automobile headlamps is redirected by means of internal reflection back upon itself, thereby to be observed by the operator of the vehicle. These devices often take the form of buttons or mounds containing retroreflecting elements or surfaces. More recently, ramp-like configurations have been adopted in order to provide less hazard to the vehicles traveling over them, some devices, indeed, having special ramps, previously mentioned, to assist in guiding the blades of snowplows, hopefully without uprooting them.Such devices, as before explained, are costly and, of necessity, must be relatively widely spaced from one another along the roadway surface, resulting in the disadvantage that, under headlamp illumination at night, although bright in appearance, these devices at best present only pinpoints of light and not a continuous and highiy desirable solid line, nor even a semblance of a skip line. During daylight conditions they are usually not observable at all by the motoring public at any distance.
In an effort to overcome some of the above and other disadvantages of such and related raised pavement markers, markers of relatively low profile have been proposed, such as those disclosed in U.S. Letters Patent Nos. 3,785,719, 4,035,059 and 4,279,471. These concepts, however, involved individual units which are still costly to manufacture and thus again must be used with relatively wide spacing between units to achieve realistic operational and cost effectiveness.
A more suitable approach for obviating these problems has resided in the use of thin flexible sheeting on which is contained a series of very low profile raised pavement markers as described, for example, in my earlier U.S. Letters Patent Nos. 3,920,346; 4,040,760; and 4,069,787; and in Patent Nos. 4,145, 112; 4,182,548; and 4,236,788. With the exception of the constructions of my said Patent Nos. 4,040,760 and 4,069,787, such sheet markers are dependent upon having the main body of the marker constructed so as to be transparent to light, rendering the devices subject to serious light loss effects in use, caused by abrasion and accumulated dirt.In my said earlier constructions, embodying the use of somewhat saw-tooth successive wedges carried by a thin road-attachable strip, while quite satisfactory operation can be attained, it has been found that shadow effects when heading into the sun, and modification of results after the wedges have experienced some wear, as from extended use and/or snowplow defacement or the like, do not permit as effective marking in daylight, dusk or under other adverse conditions as may be desirable.
In the case of the successive wedges of substantially triangular shape taught in my said
Patent No. 4,040,760, for example, extended use revealed that under certain conditions of ambient daylight, the pavement marker became somewhat difficult for the motorist to observe.
In particular, if the marker strip is oriented in such a way that the motorist is heading in the general direction of the sun on a cloudless day, the contrast between the marker and the road surface is so low that the marker becomes difficult to distinguish. During these conditions, the sun will cast a shadow of each wedge on the valley floor between the wedges. Those faces of the wedges observed by the motorist, furthermore, are all contained within the shadow and thus appear black, introducing great difficulty is distinguishing the marker from the dark road surface. The appearance of blackness or the poor contrast between the marker and the road surface is at a peak when the sun is at a low angle on a cloudless day.
It was fortuitously discovered that by changing the saw-tooth shape from triangular to trapezoidal, but only with appropriate wedge length to successive wedge spacing, this problem was completely obviated, and simultaneous other marked advantages in greater wear-resistance and life under abrasion, including snowplowing, also followed. The flat tops of the now trapezoidal-shaped wedge, if of appropriate dimensions and spacing, reflect sunlight and reduce the wedge shadow effect admirably well.
An object of the present invention, accordingiy, is to provide a new and improved marker structure that shall not be subject to the above and other disadvantages, but that can obviate shadow and discontinuous effects and provides a marked improvement in wear and use under adverse environmental conditions.
An additional object of the invention is to provide a flexible sheet material pavement marker or the like which will be clearly visible as a continuous line by ambient daylight as well as retroreflection from automobile headlamps at night, even during a heavy downpour of rain.
A further object is to provide a flexible sheet material pavement marker with a configuration and low profile sufficient to resist uprooting by normal snowplow action.
Still another object is to provide a highly visible highway marker for night driving with a long life and with good retroreflection characteristics maintained throughout such life.
A further object is to provide a novel marker of more general utility, as well.
Other and further objects are explained hereinafter and are more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
In summary, however, the invention, from one of its aspects, contemplates in combination with a roadway surface and the like, a direction-indicating surface marker strip of preformed flexible plastic material adherable to said surface by a thin layer of adhesive between the strip and said surface, said strip being intermittently deformed upward to provide successive transversely disposed wedges of substantially trapezoidal shape in longitudinal section, each wedge having a substantially flat top surface bounded by upwardly and downwardly acute-angle inclining front and rear surfaces, said inclining surfaces being provided with embedded retroreflecting beads, and the flat top surface width being comparable to the width of the valley surfaces in the strip between successive wedges. Preferred details of construction and best mode embodiments are later set forth.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 of which is a longitudinal sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention; and
Figure 2 and 3 are similar views of modi
Figure 2 is a similar view of a modification.
Referring to Fig. 1, the thin flexible plastic elongated road marker strip 1 is shown adhered a bottom adhesive layer 4 to the roadway or other surface R. Suitable materials are described in my said earlier patents and are hereinafter discussed. As previously described, the somewhat saw-tooth wedge construction is illustrated in the form of substantially trapezoidal (in longitudinal section) wedge projections T having a flat top surface 2 and bounded by upwardly and downwardly inclining front and rear ridge surfaces 2' and 2", all extending transversely across the strip 1, and all preferably integrally formed from the thin plastic material of the strip 1, with the wedges intermittently deformed upward of the strip.
A preferred range of acute angles a of inclination (or downward slope) enable proper operation in use as hereinafter discussed. At least the upwardly and downwardly inclined surfaces 2' and 2" carry a retroreflective bead layer(s) or the like 3.
With this construction, it has been discovered that, instead of observing an apparent extension of a portion of one wedge face continuously merging with the next succeeding wedge face portion and so on, as described in my earlier patents, in the case of the trapezoidal wedge of Fig. 1, there is an interruption in the apparent merging wedge faces by the width of the flat top surface 2 of the trapezoidal wedge T. Considering daylight operation, including heading into the sun, when this diffusely reflecting flat top surface 2 has the same apparent area as that observable portion of the wedge face which is in shadow, it has been found that the visual effect of the sun shadow becomes sufficiently reduced to permit the marker 1 to be readily visually distinguished from the road surface R.This provides marker indication under such daylight or dusk considerations that previous constructions do not adequately provide. Increasing the area would provide even better daylight contrast between the marker and the road surface, but the apparent brightness of night time retroreflection from automobile head lamps would diminish. The condition for producing apparent equal areas is fulfilled when the width of the flat top surface 2 of the trapezoidal wedge T is made about equal (comparable) to that of the valley floor 1' between successive wedges. It has also been determined that, for the purposes of the invention, the height of the wedges is preferably a small fraction of the wedge width (longitudinally); preferably of the order of 1/6 or so.
Tests have shown the effectiveness of such a construction for supplementing night-time retroreflection with adequate daylight marker observation even under shadowing conditions, for the marker strip of Fig. 1 of the following specifications:
Flat top surface (2) width 300 mils
Valley floor (1') width 300 mils
Ridge height (vertical
height of 2', 2") 50 mils
Angle a Substantially 0-45" Glass beads (3) 5-10 mils diameter
(n= 1.9)
When observed from a light source directed at an angle of about 85 from the normal, the light return by retroreflection from surfaces 2' or 2" was excellent.As placed on a pavement surface
R and observed late in the afternoon on a cloudless sunny day, with the marker strip 1 oriented so that heavy shadows of the ridges 2', 2" were formed on the valley floors 1' between the same, viewing at angles of 45 to 85 from the normal in the general direction of the sun, demonstrated that the marker appeared clearly light in tone against the dark road surface. In night time retroreflection, it has been determined that a motorist at 1 200 feet distance should be able to view the top row of 10 mils beads on the wedge ridges.
In Fig. 2, the provision of retroreflection beads 3 is shown over all surfaces of the marker strip 1.
A satisfactory technique for fabricating the specially configured marker strips of the invention involves the use of a mold machined out of, for example, an aluminum block, say 4 inches wide and 1/2 inch thick. The grooves for the sampies above described were 300 mils wide at the tops (corresponding to marker top surfaces 2) with 30 sloping sides (corresponding to 2', 2"), 50 mils deep. Each groove was spaced 600 mils apart. Narrow strips of 5 mil-thick polyethelene were secured to the sloping walls of the mold grooves with a suitable heat-resistent adhesive 4.
The mold was heated to about 280"F and glass microspheres 3 (10 mils diameter, with a refractive index n of about 1.9) were poured into the grooves and pressed into the softened polyethelene. After cooling the mold, the excess microspheres were removed so that the only ones remaining were those immersed to approximately 40% of their diameters in the polyethelene. Next, a plastisol of PVC containing a white pigment was added to fill the grooves of the mold and cover the top side to a depth of about 1 5 mils. This was placed in a heated oven for sufficient time to ensure bringing the plastisol to a temperature of about 330"F in order to fuse and solidify the casting. When cooled, the PVC casting was stripped from the mold with the microspheres now securely anchored to about 60% of their diameters in the sloping sides of the ridge or wedge walls of the PVC casting.
Further modifications will suggest themselves in the light of the above to those skilled in this art, and such are considered to fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. In combination with a roadway surface and the like, a direction-indicating surface marker strip of preformed flexible plastic material adherable to said surface by a thin layer of adhesive between the strip and said surface, said strip being intermittently deformed upward to provide successive transversely disposed wedges of substantially trapezoidal shape in longitudinal section, each wedge having a substantially flat top surface bounded by upwardly and downwardly acute-angle inclining front and rear surfaces, said inclining surfaces being provided with embedded retroreflecting beads, and the flat top surface width being comparable to the width of the valley surfaces in the strip between successive wedges.
2. A direction-indicating strip as claimed in claim 1 and in which said acute angle is within substantially the range of 0 -45 .
3. A direction-indicating strip as claimed in claim 1 and in which the height of said wedges is a fraction of said flat top surface width.
4. A direction-indicating strip as claimed in claim 3 and in which said width is of the order of a few hundred mils and said fraction is of the order of one-sixth.
5. A direction-indicating strip as claimed in claim 1 and in which all of said flat top, front, rear and valley surfaces are provided with said retroreflecting beads embedded therein.
6. A direction-indicating strip as claimed in claim 1 and in which said beads are about 60% embedded in the strip material.
7. A direction-indicating strip substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US35103782A | 1982-02-22 | 1982-02-22 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8302814D0 GB8302814D0 (en) | 1983-03-09 |
GB2115862A true GB2115862A (en) | 1983-09-14 |
GB2115862B GB2115862B (en) | 1986-06-18 |
Family
ID=23379323
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB08302814A Expired GB2115862B (en) | 1982-02-22 | 1983-02-02 | Sheet material marker surface for roadways and the like |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS58156611A (en) |
AU (1) | AU561819B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1222157A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2522034B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2115862B (en) |
HK (1) | HK37888A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1169106B (en) |
SE (1) | SE508321C2 (en) |
SG (1) | SG98787G (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2183276A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-06-03 | Aph Road Safety Ltd | Road marking |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0745723B2 (en) * | 1984-10-22 | 1995-05-17 | アトム化学塗料株式会社 | High-brightness road marking sheet material |
CA1307971C (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1992-09-29 | Thomas Peter Hedblom | Patterned pavement marking |
US4969713A (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-11-13 | Brite Line Corporation | Marker strip surface for roadways and the like |
JP2002161518A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-06-04 | Natl Inst For Land & Infrastructure Management Mlit | Boundary line for passage of vehicle |
JP2008215002A (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-18 | Sekisui Jushi Co Ltd | High visibility road marking line and method of forming high visibility road marking line |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
LU35481A1 (en) * | ||||
US2579467A (en) * | 1947-06-14 | 1951-12-25 | Alan E Brickman | Pavement lane marker |
FR1438888A (en) * | 1965-07-03 | 1966-05-13 | Process for manufacturing a reflective coating for road marking, device for its implementation and coating thus obtained | |
GB1107799A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1968-03-27 | Tarkett Ab | Improvements in or relating to light reflecting road marking materials, and methods for their manufacture |
CH486600A (en) * | 1967-09-05 | 1970-02-28 | Eigenmann Ludwig | Road surface signaling material |
FR1604009A (en) * | 1968-08-05 | 1971-06-28 | Reflective element, eg a road marker - stud | |
IT1022451B (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1978-03-20 | Eigenmann Ludwig | PREFABRICATED STRIP FOR HORIZONTAL ROAD SIGNAL AND METHOD FOR ITS PREFABRICATION |
FR2375394A1 (en) * | 1976-12-24 | 1978-07-21 | Ligne Blanche | Reflective strip for road markings - has glass balls embedded in plastic coating with impressed grooves inclined to direction of road |
US4145112A (en) * | 1977-07-14 | 1979-03-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Low-profile raised retroreflective sheeting |
JPS5469227A (en) * | 1977-11-10 | 1979-06-04 | Eigenmann Ludwig | Tape material for road marking |
JPS55142301A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-11-06 | Ferro Corp | Rear reflective marking tape |
-
1983
- 1983-02-02 CA CA000420753A patent/CA1222157A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-02 GB GB08302814A patent/GB2115862B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-09 AU AU11266/83A patent/AU561819B2/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-11 SE SE8300731A patent/SE508321C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-02-17 JP JP58025468A patent/JPS58156611A/en active Granted
- 1983-02-21 FR FR838302744A patent/FR2522034B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-22 IT IT19693/83A patent/IT1169106B/en active
-
1987
- 1987-11-05 SG SG987/87A patent/SG98787G/en unknown
-
1988
- 1988-05-19 HK HK378/88A patent/HK37888A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2183276A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-06-03 | Aph Road Safety Ltd | Road marking |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2522034B1 (en) | 1989-04-21 |
AU561819B2 (en) | 1987-05-21 |
FR2522034A1 (en) | 1983-08-26 |
GB8302814D0 (en) | 1983-03-09 |
HK37888A (en) | 1988-05-27 |
JPS58156611A (en) | 1983-09-17 |
JPH0157207B2 (en) | 1989-12-05 |
GB2115862B (en) | 1986-06-18 |
CA1222157A (en) | 1987-05-26 |
IT1169106B (en) | 1987-05-27 |
SE8300731D0 (en) | 1983-02-11 |
SE8300731L (en) | 1983-08-23 |
SG98787G (en) | 1988-09-23 |
IT8319693A0 (en) | 1983-02-22 |
SE508321C2 (en) | 1998-09-28 |
AU1126683A (en) | 1983-09-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20030201 |