GB2113090A

GB2113090A - Liquid deodorant compositions

Info

Publication number: GB2113090A
Application number: GB08236825A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Philip Jack Rothwell; Sidney James Forshaw; Stephen Russel Smith; Catherine Norman
Original assignee: Colgate Palmolive Co
Current assignee: Colgate Palmolive Co
Priority date: 1981-12-30
Filing date: 1982-12-24
Publication date: 1983-08-03
Also published as: IT1157250B; FR2518878A1; DE3248093C2; FR2518878B1; ZA829387B; DK160287B; PT76044B; CH657045A5; ES518653A0; GB2113090B; IT8249770A0; DK160287C; DK577582A; BE895523A; IE54470B1; ES8406188A1; PT76044A; DE3248093A1; IE823107L

Abstract

A liquid deodorant for topical application to the skin contains a 47% to 87% by weight solution of propylene glycol in water as the sole deodorant active principle, optionally together with a volatile non-aqueous carrier. The solution may be in the form of a roll-on, a pump-spray or a pressurised spray.

Description

SPECIFICATION Liquid deodorant The present invention relates to liquid deodorant compositions comprising a mixture of water and propylene glycol as the sole deodorant active principle. More particularly, the invention is directed to liquid deodorant compositions containing a mixture of propylene glycol and water in a non-aqueous solvent, preferably comprising ethanol or isopropanol, which are suitable for dispensing in the form of an aerosol spray, a pump spray or a roll-on liquid.

Commercial liquid deodorant compositions generally comprise a deodorant active principle, a humectant such as propylene glycol or glycerol and a carrier liquid such as water or ethanol. Such compositions broadly fall into one of three types or classes based upon deodorant active principle. In the first class are the popular antiperspirant compositions containing astringent inorganic salts of aluminium, zinc and zirconium as the antiperspirant/deodorant active principle. The second class of deodorant compositions contain germicides or antibacterial agents such as cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, trichlorosalicyanilide, hexachlorophene, chlorhexidine, trichlorohydroxy diphenyl ether and the like. This class of deodorants acts by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms which apparently give rise to body odour by decomposition of skin debris and the perspiration itself.The third class of deodorant compositions relies upon a variety of other non-astringent compounds, such as sodium bicarbonate and zinc ricinoleate as the deodorant active principle.

One of the primary shortcomings of using anti-perspirant compositions based upon astringent metal salts is that staining and rotting may occur on the clothing in contact with the surface to which the composition is applied. For example, these salts can sometimes cause a white or coloured deposit to form on clothing which is not removed when the clothing is laundered in normal washing. Further, these deposits on the clothing have been known to lead to disintegration of the fabric itself. Other disadvantages of using astringent salts are that they can cause an unpleasant stinging sensation in some users and they chemically interfere with the natural bodily process of sweat production to control body temperature. Deodorants based upon germicides also tend to stain clothing and thereby exhibit one of the disadvantages of the deodorants based on astringent salts.Finally, deodorants based upon sodium bicarbonate or zinc ricinoleate tend to exhibit stability problems.

Based upon the foregoing discussion, we continued research in the hope of finding a deodorant active principle which is an effective deodorant, does not stain, is comptaible with other ingredients common to deodorant compositions and can be formulated to yield products which are stable, i.e.

devoid of separation or precipitation. Such research has led to the discovery that mixtures of water and propylene glycol in specific proportions are effective deodorants. Such discovery is surprising in view of the fact that propylene glycol is commonly employed in antiperspirant and deodorant compositions.

For example, 3% to 10% by weight of propylene glycol has been employed as a humectant in antiperspirant and/or deodorant sticks, liquids and creams. Also, U.S. 2,890,087, U.S. 3,943,242 and U.S. 4,137,306 disclose antiperspirant or deodorant sticks containing 35% to 85% by weight of aqueous propylene glycol. Finally, Russian Patent No. 507,323 discloses a mixture of a major proportion of propylene glycol with minor proportions (12%) of urotropine and polyvinylpyrrolidone as an antiperspirant or deodorant active principle. However, to date the prior art has failed to recognize that aqueous propylene glycol alone is an effective deodorant.

We have now discovered that it is possible to control body odour by topically applying to the skin a liquid deodorant composition comprising an effective amount of a mixture of 47% to 87% by weight of propylene glycol and water as the sole deodorant active principle. Optimum deodorant efficacy is noted when an aqueous mixture containing 64% to 82% by weight of propylene glycol is employed as the sole deodorant active principle.

Broadly, the liquid deodorant compositions of the present invention comprise 10 to 100 parts by weight of an aqueous propylene glycol containing 47% to 87% by weight of propylene glycol and 0 to 90 parts by weight of a compatible, non-aqueous, non-toxic volatile, organic, liquid carrier, preferably, comprising ethanol or isopropanol. Such compositions usually are singlephase liquids which are stable and safe to use.

Preferred compositions are liquids suitawbte for application in the form of a pressurized spray, pump spray or roll-on consisting essentially of the 4787% aqueous propylene glycol as sole deodorant active principle and either ethanol or isopropanol, with the weight ratio of the said alcohol to the aqueous propylene glycol being from 1:3 to 3:1. More specifically, the active principle will represent 30 to 75 parts by weight of the pump spray, 23 to 75 parts by weight of the roll-on liquid and 11 to 44 parts by weight of the pressurized spray. Also, the pressurized spray will include a liquefied, normally gaseous propellant.

In the most preferred compositions, the active deodorant principle will be 64% to 82% aqueous propylene glycol.

As stated above, the invention herein is based upon the discovery that aqueous mixtures of propylene glycol in the range of 47% of 87% by weight of propylene glycol are effective to prevent human perspiration odour when used as the sole deodorant active principle. Optimum deodorant effectiveness is achieved with aqueous propylene glycol having a concentration of 64% to 82% by weight of propylene glycol.

Propylene glycol (1,2-propanegliol) has the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2OH and is commonly used as a humectant or solvent in cosmetic compositions. It is a colourless, odourless liquid having a slightly sweet taste and it is completely miscible with water and most organic solvents. Propylene glycol is produced commercially by the hydration of propylene oxide obtained through the intermediate propylene chlorohydrin.

The aqueous propylene glycol mixtures are readily obtained by admixing the requisite proportions of water and propylene glycol. Such solutions can be prepared at room temperature either by adding propylene glycol to water or by adding water to propylene glycol.

Generally, the liquid deodorant composition will comprise from 10 to 100 parts by weight of the propylene glycol-water mixture containing 47% to 87% by weight of propylene glycol as the sole deodorant active principle. In the mostbpreferred compositions, the propylene glycol-water mixture will contain 64% to 82% by weight of propylene glycol.

The other major component of the deodorant composition is a volatile organic liquid carrier in which the mixture of water and propylene glycol is either soluble or insoluble, with the soluble carriers being preferred. Such organic liquid carrier also must be both chemically non-reactive with the aqueous propylene glycol and non-toxic to humans.

Examples of volatile compounds which can function as carriers include both polar and non-polar type compounds. Suitable polar compounds are ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol and tertiary butanol, with ethanol and isopropanol being preferred. Satisfactory non-polar compounds include C5C10 paraffinic hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range of 350C to 175 C, cyclic dimethyl siloxanes of the formula [(CH3)2SiO]X wherein x is an integer from 3 to 6, low molecular weight poly dimethyl siloxanes of the formula (CH3)3SiO[(CH3)2SIOySI(CH3) (or (CH3)3SiO[(CH3)2SiO]ySi(CH3)3) wherein y is an integer from 0 to 4 and liquid, normally gaseous hydrocarbon and halohydrocarbon propellants.

Examples of suitable hydrocarbons are n-hexane, heptane, octane and mixtures thereof. Examples of liquified normally gaseous propellants are dimethyl ether, C34 hydrocarbons, e.g. propane, n-butane and isobutane and mixtures thereof, and halohydrocarbons, e.g. dichlorodifluoromethane, mono chiorodifluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, trichiorofluoromethane, trichiorofluoroethane, difluoroethane, difluoromonochloroethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, monofluorodichloromethane, monofluorodichloroethane, pentafluoromonochloroethane, cyclic hexafluorodichlorobutane, octafluoropropane, cyclic octafluorobutane and mixtures thereof.Dimethyl ether is a preferred propellant in pressurized spray compositions because it forms single phase liquids in the presence of water. On the ofher hand, hydrocarbon propellants and halohydrocarbon propellants can be employed where the pressurized composition is into the form of a water-in-oil emuision.

Generally, the proportion of the volatile organic liquid carrier will be in the range of 0 to 90 parts by weight of the deodorant composition in which aqueous propylene glycol is the sole deodorant active principle. However, the preferred proportion of volatile carrier varies with the form of the final product as described below and the form of the final product may be a pressurized liquid spray, a liquid pump spray or a roll-on liquid. Further, regardless of the form of the final liquid product, the vehicle of the preferred compositions comprises either ethanol or isopropanol in a weight ratio to the aqueous propylene glycol mixture in the range of about 1:3 to 3:1.

In the liquid roll-on composition, the proportion of the mixture of water and propylene glycol usually ranges from 23 to 75 parts by weight and, preferably, from 50 to 65 parts by weight, provided that the amount of water in the composition does not exceed a maximum of about 40 parts by weight of the final product. The balance of the composition will be the volatile carrier which comprises about 25 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 45 parts by weight, of ethanol and/or isopropanol in a weight ratio of ethanol or isopropanol to aqueous propylene glycol in the range of 1:3 to 3:1.

In the liquid pump spray composition, the mixture of water and propylene glycol usually ranges from about 26 to 74 parts by weight and, preferably, from 30 to 60 parts by weight, provided again that the amount of water does not exceed about 40% by weight of the final product. Again, the balance of the composition is the volatile carrier comprising preferably 25 to 50 parts by weight of ethanol and/or isopropanol in a weight ratio to the mixture of water and propylene glycol in the range of 1:3 to 1.7:1.

The liquid pump spray and the liquid roll-on compositions may be prepared in the form of clear or opaque liquids, but the clear liquids are preferred because stability problems are minimized. Further, small amounts of known thickening agents may be included to increase the viscosity of the liquids. For example, thickening may be achieved by adding from 0.5% to 5% by weight of a carboxy vinyl polymer, e.g. Carbopol (Registered Trade Mark) 934 and 941, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose or carboxy methyl cellulose.

In the pressurized liquid spray the proportion of the mixture of water and propylene glycol usually ranges from 12 to 43 parts, preferably 20 to 30 parts, by weight, provided that the amount of water does not exceed a maximum of about 20 parts by weight. The balance of the composition will be the volatile carrier which comprises 8 to 43 parts by weight of ethanol or isopropanol and 45 to 80 parts by weight of a liquified, normally gaseous propellant. Again, the weight ratio of ethanol or isopropanol to the mixture of water and propylene glycol will range from 1:3 to 3:1.Further, generally when the propellant is other than dimethyl ether, the pressurized liquid will be in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion which requires the presence of 0.5% to 5.0%, preferably 0.75% to 4%, by weight of a waterin-oil emulsifier such as propylene glycol stearate, glyceryl monostearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, polyglycerol oleate sorbitan sesquioleate and mixtures of the foregoing, with sorbitan sesquioleate being preferred.

In addition to the foregoing essential components of the composition of the present invention, one may include therein from 0.1% to 2% by weight of components such as perfumes, colouring agents and the like, so as to improve the aesthetic value and consumer acceptability thereof.

Compositions according to this invention will be used in a conventional manner using containers of normal design and delivering the usual quantities of product.

Where the product dispensed as a pressurized spray is in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion, generally the water-in-oil emulsifier will be dissolved in the ingredients comprising the liquid oil phase with the exception of the propellant and the mixture of water and propylene glycol will be added slowly thereto with agitation to form a water-in-oil emulsion which is subsequently mixed with propellant in a known fashion.

The liquid compositions of the present invention cause less staining of fabrics in contact therewith as compared with deodorant compositions containing low concentrations of either an astringent salt such as aluminium chlorohydroxide or an antibacterial compound containing a quaternary ammonium group in its molecular structure such as chlorohexidine or cetyl pyridinium chloride. Also, less fabric degradation or "fabric rotting" is noted when the compositions of the present invention are employed as compared with some prior art formulations.Furthermore, the compositions of the present invention, containing ethanol or isopropanol form a film on the skin which is not objectionably wet despite the presence of water and which provides a desirable cool effect upon initial contact due to the balanced proportions of water and monohydric alcohol. Additionaily the compositions of the present invention are mild to the skin because of the absence of the prior art irritating astringent salts and antibacterial agents.

The invention may be put into practice in various ways and a number of specific embodiments will be described to illustrate the invention with reference to the accompanying examples.

In the examples as well as throughout the specification all parts and percentages are by weight.

Examples 1A to 1K The bacteriostatic activity of different concentrations of propylene glycol on the skin was determined using the in vivo skin occlusion test of Marples and Kligman which is described in TGA Cosmetics Journal, 26, 1969. Eleven products were employed in the test as described below, i.e. ten concentrations of aqueous propylene glycol (PG) and plain water.

1A Water 1 B 10% propylene glycol 1 C 20% propylene glycol 1 D 30% propylene glycol 1 E 40% propylene glycol 1 F 50% propylene glycol 1 G 60% propylene glycol 1 H 70% propylene glycol 11 80% propylene glycol 1J 90% propylene glycol 1 K 100% propylene glycol.

In this test, thirty-nine panelists were divided into three groups of thirteen and the test compositions were allocated randomly. Each panelist had test product applied to four sites on the left and right forearms. Thus, each test product was tested on thirteen different sites.

The protocol followed in the skin occlusion test follows: 1. The corners of four 5 cm squares were marked out on the forearms of each of the thirteen subjects.

2. Three of the sites were then assigned products, the fourth being a blank control site.

3. After 0.1 ml aliquot of the test product had been spread over each 5 cm square with a pipette and permitted to dry all four sites were occluded with 5 cm square polyethylene sheets.

4. The polyethylene sheets were removed after 48 hours, and the sites samples with Letheen Agar plates.

5. The plates were then incubated aerobically for 24 hours at 370C before being scored for bacterial growth according to the following scale: 0=Less than 30 colonies 1=30-300 colonies 2=More than 300 colonies, colonies distinct 3=Some but not all colonies fused 4=Growth not completely confluent 5=Confluent growth The test results are set forth in Table I below:: Table I Bacterial score for each product site Example 1A 1B 1C iD lE 1F 1G lH 1/ lJ 1K Water Propylene Glycol (in water) 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 4 5 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 1 1 4 3 0 3 3 2 0 3 3 5 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 0 5 5 2 3 4 1 0 0 2 2 4 2 4 5 3 0 4 2 4 1 0 2 1 2 5 1 2 5 4 4 3 0 0 0 5 3 4 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 3 4 0 3 5 0 0 1 0 4 0 4 3 4 5 0 3 4 0 2 5 1 5 1 5 5 0 0 4 1 4 0 4 5 4 0 4 5 3 0 0 1 4 0 5 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 5 3 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Total Score: 55 46 30 33 27 16 20 13 11 24 22 Mean Score: 4.2 3.5 2.3 2.5 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.8 1.7 From the foregoing Table lit will be seen that the aqueous concentrations of propylene glycol in the range of 50% to 80% (Examples 1 F to 11) exhibit significant bacteriostatic activity, with the maximum activity being in the 70% to 80% propylene glycol range.

Example 2A, 2B and 2C The skin occlusion test of Marples and Kligman described in Example 1 was repeated using thirteen panelists to compare the following test products: (A) Water; (B) 60% propylene glycol water solution; and (C) an antiseptic aqueous-alcoholic composition containing 0.15% by weight of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and 0.25% by weight of 1 ,6-di-p-chlorophenyl-biguanidohexane (chlorhexidine). The results are set forth in Table II.

Table II Example 2A 2B 2C Propylene glycol Water (60%) Antiseptic 5 1 3 5 2 2 4 0 0 5 4 2 5 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 0 5 2 0 4 0 0 5 0 4 1 1 0 3 0 0 5 5 1 Total Score: 55 18 14 Mean Score: 4.2 1.4 1.1 Examples 3A to 3D The deodorant efficacy of the following compositions was clinically evaluated by panelists under actual use conditions: A. Water B. 60% propylene and 40% water (60% PG) C. 30% propylene glycol, 209/0 water and 50% ethanol (30% PG/50% E) D. 50% of aluminium chlorohydroxide and 50% water (50% ACH) In this deodorant efficacy test a panel of 56 persons was divided into four groups. During the first week panelists were furnished with a placebo soap and were permitted to wash under their arms as frequently as desired, but no antiperspirant or deodorant product was used.Beginning with the second week, each panelist visited the evaluation centre in the morning where the odour of each of the left and right axilla was self-evaluated using an odour assessment scale of one (very weak) to nine (very strong). After odour assessment, the panelist applied four metered shots of the test product, i.e. about 0.6 ml of product, to each axilla. The panelists returned five hours later for an assessment of the odour level. This routine was continued during the next two weeks.

The means scores were determined for each product based upon fifteen days of use and are reported in Table II.

Table Ill Example 3A 3B 3C 30 Water 60% P.G. 30% P.G./50% E 50% ACH 5 hours 4.55 3.25 3.49 3.16 24 hours 3.47 2.85 3.45 3.16 Combined (5+24 hours scores) 4.01 3.05 3.45 3.16 The foregoing results show that a pump spray deodorant composition containing 60% propylene glycol solution (Example 3B) provides the same deodorant efficacy as a pump spray containing 50% of aluminium chlorohydroxide (Example 3D), the most common active component employed in antiperspirant compositions. The pump spray containing equal parts of 60% propylene glycol and ethanol also was an effective deodorant, but its effectiveness was not as great as the other pump sprays presumably because the use concentration of the active principal, i.e. 60% propylene glycol, was really only one half the concentration of the 60% PG product.It would seem likely that equivalent effectiveness for the 30% PG/50% E product (Example 3C) could be achieved by applying 1.2 mi of the said product to each axilla so that the amount of aqueous propylene glycol applied would be the same for the 60% PG product (Example 3B).

As indicated, the composi';ions according to the present invention can take the form of propellant based liquids fdr dispensing from an aerosol pressurized container or as propellant free liquids or emulsions or lotions or gels either for spraying with the aid of a finger operated pump or for dispensing from a roller-ball applicator directly onto the skin.

Example 4A A satisfactory aerosol spray product having the following composition was prepared and packaged in an aerosol container under pressure: Percent by weight Propylene glycol 10 Deionized Water 10 Ethanol 10 Perfume 1 Dimethyl ether 69 100 This composition was prepared by mixing the propylene glycol, water, ethanol and perfume to form a single-phase liquid. This liquid was transferred to a container which was ciosed with a valve designed to deliver approximately 0.6 ml per second and the dimethyl ether was added through the valve and attached dip tube to form a homogeneous liquid after agitation.

Example 4B The proportions of propylene glycol, water, ethanol and dimethyl ether were changed to 20%, 5%, 12.5% and 61.5% respectively in the composition of Example 4A and an aerosol spray product having optimal deodorant efficacy was achieved. Because of the improved efficacy, a valve designed to deliver 0.45 ml per second can be employed with this composition.

Example 5 A satisfactory product for dispensing from a finger-operated pump spray container was made up with the following composition: Percent by weight Propylene glycol 29.3 Deionized water 20.0 Ethanol 50.0 Hydrogenated Ethoxylated Castor Oil 0.2 Colour solution (1coo FD EE C Yellow No. 5) 0.3 Perfume 0.2 100.0 Theformulation was packaged in a container equipped with a finger-operated pump which delivered approximately 1 ml per second.

Example 6 A satisfactory clear liquid product suitable for dispensing from a container equipped with a rollerball was prepared according to the following formula: Percent by weight Propylene glycol 36 Deionized water 22.9 Ethanol 40 Carbopol 941* 0.3 Triethanolamine 0.3 Colour solution (1% of FD & C Yellow No.5) 0.3 Perfume 0.2 100.0 *A polymer of a monomeric mixture of acrylic acid, allyl sucrose and acrylamide.

This produce was prepared by dispersing the Carbopol 941 in water followed by the addition of ethanol and propylene glycol. Thereafter, the triethanolamine was added with agitation followed by the colour solution and perfume. The resultant product was a homogeneous yellow liquid having a viscosity of about 600 cps as measured with a Brookfield RVT Viscometer with a No. 3 spindle rotating at 30 rpm. This liquid was packaged in a glass container with a roller-ball closure which was adapted to dispense an adequate quantity per axilla when used in the normal fashion.

Example 7 A satisfactory pearlized liquid product suitable for a roll-on product was made up with the following formula: Percent by weight Deionized water 20.95 Carbopol 941 0.30 Propylene glycol 36.00 Ethanol 40.00 723 Perfume 0.25 Triethanolamine 0.30 Pigmasol Blue 0.1% solution 2.00 Pearlizing Cosmetic Pearl Pigment 0.20 100.00

Claims

1. A liquid deodorant composition for topical application to the skin comprising an effective amount of a mixture of 47% to 87% by weight of propylene glycol and water as the sole deodorant active principle.

2. A liquid deodorant composition as claimed in Claim 1 which comprises 10 to 100 parts by weight of the said mixture of propylene glycol and water and 0 to 90 parts by weight of a compatible, non-aqueous, non-toxic, volatile, organic liquid carrier.

3. A liquid deodorant composition as claimed in Claim 2 in which the said carrier comprises ethanol or isopropanol and the weight ratio of ethanol or isopropanol to the said mixture of propylene glycol and water is in the range of about 1:3 to about 3:1.

4. A liquid deodorant composition as claimed in Claim 1,2 or 3 in which the said mixture of propylene glycol and water contains 64% to 82% by weight of propylene glycol.

5. A liquid deodorant composition as claimed in Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 suitable for dispensing in the form of a pump spray consisting essentially of 30 to 75 parts by weight of the said mixture of propylene glycol and water and 25 to 50 parts by weight of alcohol, the weight ratio of alcohol to the said mixture being from 1:3 to 3:1.

6. A liquid deodorant composition as claimed in Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 suitable for dispensing in the form of a roll-on consisting essentially of 23 to 75 parts by weight of the said mixture of propylene glycol and water and 25 to 50 parts by weight of alcohol, the weight ratio of alcohol to the said mixture being from about 1:3 to 3:1.

7. A liquid deodorant composition as claimed in Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 suitable for dispensing in the form of a pressurized spray consisting essentially of 11 to 44 parts by weight of the said mixture of propylene glycol and water, 9 to 43 parts by weight of alcohol, the weight ratio of alcohol to the said mixture being from about 1:3 to 3:1 and 45 to 80 parts by weight of dimethyl ether, the said composition being a single-phase liquid.

8. A liquid deodorant composition as claimed in Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 suitable for dispensing in the form of a pressurized spray consisting essentially of 11 to 44 parts by weight of the said mixture of propylene glycol and water, 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a water-in-oil emulsifier and 51 to 88.5 parts by weight of a compatible non-aqueous non-toxic, volatile, organic liquid carrier which further includes a liquified, normally gaseous hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon propellant, the said composition forming a stable, oil-in-water emulsion of the said aqueous propylene glycol in the said non-aqueous solvent.

9. A liquid detergent composition as claimed in Claim 1 substantially as specifically described herein with reference to any one of Examples 1 F to 11, 2B, 3B and 3C, 4A, 4B, 5, 6 or 7.