GB2102947A - Process and apparatus for indicating the presence of contaminating microorganisms - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for indicating the presence of contaminating microorganisms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2102947A GB2102947A GB08220668A GB8220668A GB2102947A GB 2102947 A GB2102947 A GB 2102947A GB 08220668 A GB08220668 A GB 08220668A GB 8220668 A GB8220668 A GB 8220668A GB 2102947 A GB2102947 A GB 2102947A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cultivation
- vessel
- nutrient medium
- bacteria
- formation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 24
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015122 lemonade Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FRPHFZCDPYBUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromocresolgreen Chemical compound CC1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C1(C=2C(=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=2)C)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 FRPHFZCDPYBUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009640 blood culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010241 blood sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromophenol blue Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C1(C=2C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012009 microbiological test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
- C12M23/08—Flask, bottle or test tube
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/04—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by injection or suction, e.g. using pipettes, syringes, needles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/34—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/46—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of cellular or enzymatic activity or functionality, e.g. cell viability
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2304/00—Chemical means of detecting microorganisms
- C12Q2304/40—Detection of gases
Abstract
A bacteria-containing food in a liquid state is mixed with a predetermined quantity of a nutrient medium containing a colour indicator in vessel 1 which has an outlet connection open towards the bottom. Where the subsequent cultivation of the bacteria is accompanied by formation of gas, equivalent measurable quantities of the mixture of nutrient medium and bacteria suspension flow out of vessel 1. Turbidity and colour changes in the nutrient medium containing the colour indicator also provide information about the bacteria. The apparatus comprises cultivation vessel 1 with a glass tip 2 which can be broken off by means of a "breaking-off ring" 7 and a canula 3 communicating with the inside of the vessel 1 through the tip 2. The canula 3 constitutes a suction intake for liquid food to be tested and an outlet connection for nutrient medium and bacteria suspension displaced from the vessel 1 upon formation of gas during cultivation. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process and apparatus for indicating the presence of contaminants in food.
The process and apparatus provided by the invention for indicating the presence of contaminants in food serve not only for the extraction of specimens from the food in a liquid state but also for the cultivation of the microorganisms contained in the specimens for the purpose of biological-hygienic checks in foodstuff factories and similar branches of food industry.
For the detection of contaminants various methods are known which provide information on the characteristics of the bacterial content of a product, apparatus or part thereof. As a general principle, however, the detection process is carried out in a number of separate steps.
A specimen consisting of a certain volume of liquid or suspension in the laboratory is extracted from a container by means of a sterile apparatus (e.g. pipette), so that with suitable proportions of the specimen cultures can be prepared on appropriate solid and/or liquid nutrient media.
This container may consist, for example, of a beverage bottle or a transport vessel, into which a specimen is filled under sterile conditions outside the laboratory. It is only if the degree of contamination is fairly considerable that the specimen can be judged by the microscopic image. The number of items of apparatus required and the contact of the specimen with the surrounding air result in the risk of secondary contamination.
Detection of even very few contaminants is required in checking the keeping quality, for example, of beverages. For this purpose an ample volume of specimen is filtered through a diaphragm, which is placed on a solid nutrient substrate.
In culture methods, however, a satisfactory result is only obtainable after three or four days of incubation, as sensitive bacteria grow more slowly on a solid nutrient substrate than in liquid cultures. This also applies to the known Koch plate method.
Colouring of micro-organisms retained by diaphragm filters and their subsequent counting and characterization by means of a microscope is only practicable at well-equipped test centres and with operators having special qualifications. In direct counts, moreover, it is only within certain limits that living bacteria and dead bacteria can be distinguished from one another.
A further serious drawback of conventional methods resides in the fact that apart from the degree of contamination they do not simultaneously enable characteristic properties of the contaminating organisms (formation of gas, fermentation activity, formation of acid, growth under anaerobic conditions) to be determined.
For bacteria affecting foodstuffs and similar branches of industry it is particularly important that ability to form gas and acid under aerobic conditions or to grow under anaerobic conditions should be detectable at the same time.
With the conventional methods either the formation of gas is detected qualitatively or a separate cultivation apparatus (e.g. fermentation tube) is required. The conventional processes place on the laboratory personnel the additional task of preparing sterilized appliances and the nutrient media. The burden on small laboratories is thus increased.
Certain methods and systems are also known in the medical world for the extraction and further processing of blood specimens. According to U.S.
Patent Specification 35 36061 and German OS 2835101 pre-evacuated test tubes can be connected up to canula systems inserted in the patient's vein and used either as containers for the transport of the specimens or as vessels for biochemical reactions or as cultivation vessels. In
German OS 2411561 the formation of gas is indicated inside the blood sampling system by means of a pressure-sensitive barrier impermeable to gas, and it can be connected up for gas analysis.
A combined blood extraction and culture system for the examination of bacteriaemia is described in German OS 3012056 and enables cultivation to be effected on solid and liquid nutrient media simultaneously, in which system the blood, quantitatively dosed through an extraction system, is sucked into an evacuated or gas-filled vessel of a blood culture system, both the liquid nutrient medium and the solid nutrient substrate being inoculated. An indicator, controlled by the pH value, provides a reading of the formation of acid caused by the growth.
The incubation takes place with the system in a slanting position in which the extraction canula remains sealed by a sterile elastomer plug.
These systems, however, are unusable in the food industry.
The purpose of the invention is to devise a process and a device for the microbiological examination of products and appliances of the food industry and related industries, which will be free of the drawback of the solutions adopted hitherto and providing a means for the rapid combined quantitative indication of the degree of contamination and of the essential properties of the contaminants, even when the vessels used are of the one-way type.
The object of the invention is to develop a process which renders microbiological testing more reliable and at the same time reduces the time and iabour involved, in addition to providing a device in which all the necessary functions of specimen extraction and cultivation are combined, so that with the use of suitable liquid and/or solid nutrient media it will be possible to indicate the presence of contaminants in liquid or of micro-organisms suspended by known methods in liquids.
The process to which the invention relates is mainly suitable for indicating the presence of bacteria, yeast and mould, when a liquid specimen, quantitatively proportioned, is withdrawn into a combined speciment extraction and cultivation vessel having a vacuum and/or suitable gas filling (e.g. CO2, N2), in the course of which process the said specimen is mixed with a nutrient medium.
According to one aspect of the invention we provide a process for indicating the presence of contaminants in foods, comprising mixing in a combined sample extraction and cultivation apparatus having an outlet connection open towards the bottom a bacteria-containing food in a
liquid state with a predetermined quantity of nutrient medium containing a colour indicator and effecting subsequent cultivation of the nutrient medium and resultant bacteria suspension through the said outlet connection, and, where the cultivation is accompanied by formation of
gas equivalent measurable quantities of nutrient
medium bacteria suspension flow through the zone where the organisms are being tested and out of the said zone, and with reference to turbidity and colour changes in the nutrient
medium containing the colour indicator there are
given at the same time quantitative indications in
analogous values with regard to the bacterial
content, the formation of gas, the ferhentation activity and the formation of acid by the contaminating organisms. If desired, the liquid food for testing the bacteria introduced therein for testing purposes immediately prior to testing.
The said nutrient medium containing a co[our indicator is usually liquid and the apparatus preferably includes a cultivation vessel having a region for admission thereto of one or more solid nutrient media, such being introduced into the said region and after the introduction of the liquid food to be tested a colony-shaped or furry growth of the test bacteria on the solid nutrient substrate(s) take(s) place and thereafter the cultivation specimens are extracted for microscopic verification and/or further testing as well as for the propagation of organisms. Thereby the liquid food specimen mixed with the liquid nutrient medium can be used to inoculate the liquid nutrient medium and the solid nutrient medium or media at the same time.
Under typical conditions, at a certain temperature and with the vessel in the upright position, the micro-organisms will undergo cultivation, their growth being detectable by turbidity in the liquid nutrient medium or, where one or more solid nutrient media is present, by the formation of colonies or furry coatings.
The acid-forming capacity of the contaminating micro-organisms becomes evident from the colour change in the pH governed indicator system, preferably bromocresol green (3'.5'.3".5"-tetrabromo-m-cresol sulphonaphthalein) or bromophenol blue (tetrabromo phenol sulphonaphthalein). The process according to the invention is conveniently performed by mounting the vessel in a suitable stand in an upright position with the open canula downwards, so that a volume of the nutrient medium micro-organism suspension sufficient for the formation of gas is expelled from the vessel and determined in a calibrated and preferably sterile tube sealed with a sterile wad.
The process according to the invention is also characterized by the fact that characteristic properties of the contaminating organisms, e.g.
bacterial content, formation of gas, fermentation activity or formation of acid, are determined simultaneously. The process can thus also be used for testing the fermentation activity of the production yeast employed.
For special tests a specimen may be taken not only from an intercepting tube but also, after the cultivation, from liquid and/or solid nutrient medium.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a combined sample extraction and cultivation apparatus for indicating the presence of contaminants in foods comprising a cultivation vessel provided with a glass tip which can be broken off by means of a "breaking-off ring" and a canula communicating with the interior of the cultivation vessel through the glass tip, the canula constituting a suction intake for liquid food to be tested and an outlet connection for nutrient medium and bacteria suspension displaced from the cultivation vessel upon formation of gas during cultivation. Preferably the diameter of the canular is less than 3 mm, and advantageously the canula is secured in an upright position in a graduated measuring vessel by means of a sterile plug.The apparatus may include a glass vessel for one or more solid nutrient media outside the said cultivation vessel, the said glass vessel preferably being adjacent to said cultivation vessel and communicating therewith through a passage. Conveniently the said glass vessel is provided with a mounting support.
The advantages of the process and apparatus of the invention resides in the fact that the invention makes it possible for gas-forming and acid-forming micro-organisms to be indicated simultaneously. By comparison with the methods previously proposed it can thus be adopted with advantage in the fermentation and beverage industry and in similar branches of industry.
In contrast to known apparatus it no longer requires the provision of any separate gas extraction device, as the formation of gas is indicated by the emergence of the nutrient medium through the sampling connection.
Unlike known processes it makes it possible, in the case of yeasts with fermentation activity, for samples for further examination to be taken while the incubation is still proceeding.
The system is suitable not only for the detection of contaminant bacteria but also for determining the fermentation activity of production yeasts.
A containerfor a solid nutrient medium may advantageously be mounted outside the said cultivation vessel. After suitable inoculation of solid nutrient medium the nutrient substrate is usually incubated in an upright position of the cultivation vessel. Formation of a colony is thus instantly detectable. A further advantage of this apparatus is the fact that by comparison with conventional processes and methods the specimen material can hardly undergo any contamination, as direct extraction of the media to be tested is effected, e.g. by perforation of diaphragms.
By way of example only, preferred embodiments of the invention 'will be illustrated and explained hereinafter by reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the formation of gas by bacteria in a beverage;
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the formation of gas by bacteria in basic material for lemonade;
Fig. 3 is an apparatus embodying the invention, suitable for various purposes, and comprising
(a) an open vessel system with flasks 12 for liquid nutrient medium, and
(b) an open vessel system for flasks 12 for liquid and solid nutrient media;
Fig. 4 is another apparatus embodying the invention, suitable for different purposes, and comprising
(a) a ciosed vessel system for liquid nutrient medium, and
(b) a closed vessel system for liquid and solid nutrient media.In the simultaneous detection of fermenting and acid-forming organisms in a beverage the latter first of all has to be freed of its carbonic acid before being tested for contaminants, as is usual in micro-biological tests.
The specimen is given an addition of sterile indicator solution, using the same indicator as in the nutrient medium of the sample extraction and cultivation system. The specimen is given a sufficient addition of a sterile normal caustic soda solution to cause a change in the colour of the indicator, as the acid present has been largely neutralized.
A suction intake of a sample extraction and cultivation apparatus is immersed in the specimen to be tested and a connection to a nutrient medium container is produced, reduced pressure prevailing in the latter causing the liquid being examined to flow into the nutrient medium.
The inoculated apparatus is carefully tiited to and fro in order to cause the specimen and the nutrient medium to mix intimately. The inoculated apparatus is then placed vertically and, after any residual drops have been allowed to drain off, and with the open suction intake facing downwards, placed on an empty sterile calibrated measuring vessel, which is sealed with a sterile wad, in which process the said suction intake passes through the said wad.
The complete apparatus is incubated in a stand, in a vertical position and at 300C.
That embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention which is illustrated in Fig. 3 is used as the sample extraction system, in which embodiment the outlet connection has been modified and it is possible to attach a calibrated graduated measuring vessel for emerging nutrient medium bacterial suspension.
The turbidity of the liquid nutrient medium, the volume of the nutrient medium bacterial suspension displaced from the sample extraction and cultivation apparatus and also the change in the colour of the indicator are checked daily.
Fig. 1 shows graphically a test result.
In the simultaneous detection of fermenting and acid-forming organisms in a basic material for lemonade the said basic material is diluted with sterile water prior to the test, and then given an addition, as in the method described in the foregoing, of sterile indicator solution, sterile normal caustic soda solution being used to set it to the desired pH value. The subsequent steps in the process are as described as before. In determining the amount of bacteria in the mixture the dilution factor must be allowed for.
A test result is shown graphically in Fig. 2.
In detecting colon bacteria the extraction and cultivation system is filled with a special nutrient medium such as gentiana-gall-lactose solution.
The preparation of the specimens, the introduction of the liquid to be tested and the subsequent incubation of the bacteria likewise take place as already described.
An exactly determined quantity of the specimen, e.g. 1 ml or 5 ml, is withdrawn into the sample extraction and cultivation apparatus through a flask or as a result of the vacuum in the system. After the incubation and evaluation of the specimen the result, if no gas has formed, shows a negative colon bacterial content in 1 ml or 5 ml of specimen.
The apparatus for the detection of contaminants consists in a known manner of a cultivation vessel 1 with a glass tip 2, which can be broken off via a "breaking-off ring" 7 and with a canular 3. This canula 3 is at the same time constructed as a suction intake for the liquid specimen to be tested and as an outlet connection for the nutrient medium and bacterial suspension displaced in the course of the formation of gas. It is preferably of under 3 mm in diameter and is held in a vertical position in a graduated measuring vessel 4, via a sterile plug
13, after the cultivation process has been
effected.
The cultivation of the vessel 1 contains liquid
nutrient medium 5, while outside this vessel 1 a
glass vessel 10 is provided for one or more solid
nutrient media 6. This vessel 10 preferably takes
the form of a divided vessel adjacent to an
evacuated or gas-filled chamber 9 and is provided
with a mounting support 11 for the solid nutrient
medium or media 6.
For the bacterial examination of the incubated
solid nutrient medium or media 6 the specimen is
extracted from the glass vessel 10 by opening the
latter at a "breaking-off ring" 8.
Claims (11)
1. A process for indicating the presence of contaminants in foods, comprising mixing in a combined sample extraction and cultivation apparatus having an outlet connection open towards the bottom a bacteria-containing food in a liquid state with a predetermined quantity of a nutrient medium containing a colour indicator and effecting subsequent cultivation of the nutrient medium and resultant bacteria suspension through the said outlet connection, and where the cultivation is accompanied by formation of gas equivalent measurable quantities of nutrient medium bacteria suspension flow through the zone where the organisms are being tested and out of the said zone, and with reference to turbidity and colour changes in the nutrient medium containing the colour indicator there are given at the same time quantitative indications in analogous values with regard to the bacterial content, the formation of gas, the fermentation activity and the formation of acid by the contaminating organisms.
2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid food for testing has bacteria introduced therein for testing purposes immediately prior to testing.
3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the said nutrient containing a colour indicator is liquid.
4. A process according to claim 3, wherein combined sample extraction and cultivation apparatus includes a cultivation vessel having a region for admission thereto of one or more solid nutrient media, such being introduced into the said region and after the introduction of the liquid food to be tested a colony-shaped or furry growth of the test bacteria on the solid nutrient substrate(s) take(s) place and thereafter the cultivation specimens are extracted for microscopic verification and/or further testing as well as for the propagation of organisms.
5. A process according to claim 1 substantially as herein described with reference to any one of
Figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.
6. A combined sample extraction and cultivation apparatus for indicating the presence of contaminants in foods comprising a cultivation vessel provided with a glass tip which can be broken off by means of a "breaking-off ring" and a canula communicating with the interior of the cultivation vessel through the glass tip, the canula constituting a suction intake for liquid food to be tested and an outlet connection for nutrient medium and bacteria suspension displaced from the cultivation vessel upon formation of gas during cultivation.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the canula is less than 3 mm.
8. An apparatus according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the canula is secured in an upright position in a graduated measuring vessel by means of a sterile plug.
9. An apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, which includes a glass vessel for one or more solid nutrient media outside the said cultivation vessel.
10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the said glass vessel is adjacent to the said cultivation vessel and communicates therewith through a passage.
11. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the said glass vessel is provided with a mounting support.
1 2. A combined sample extraction and cultivation apparatus for indicating the presence of contaminants in foods substantially as herein described and illustrated by any one of Figs. 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD81231829A DD206683A3 (en) | 1981-07-16 | 1981-07-16 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING CONTAMINANTS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2102947A true GB2102947A (en) | 1983-02-09 |
| GB2102947B GB2102947B (en) | 1985-11-06 |
Family
ID=5532388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08220668A Expired GB2102947B (en) | 1981-07-16 | 1982-07-16 | Process and apparatus for indicating the presence of contaminating micro organisms |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT384679B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE893844A (en) |
| BG (1) | BG42105A1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH661285A5 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD206683A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3223715A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK315982A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES514069A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2509750B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2102947B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU193267B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1189317B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5047331A (en) * | 1983-02-04 | 1991-09-10 | Oxoid Limited | Method and device for bacterial testing |
| EP0590775A1 (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-04-06 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
| US5583044A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1996-12-10 | Ruksenas; M. A. | Fluid sampler and testing unit |
| WO2001036664A1 (en) * | 1999-11-16 | 2001-05-25 | Appliedsensor Sweden Ab | A method for detecting contaminating microorganisms |
| CN110804644A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-18 | 阮雁春 | Method and device for detecting multiple microorganisms in food |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE919841C (en) * | 1952-05-24 | 1954-11-04 | Asta Werke Ag Chem Fab | Process for obtaining fresh, living pure cultures of therapeutically or industrially applicable microorganisms at the point of use |
| US3536061A (en) * | 1967-12-05 | 1970-10-27 | Tri Stopper Corp | Evacuated blood collecting apparatus |
| BE791340A (en) * | 1972-01-06 | 1973-03-01 | Becton Dickinson Co | NEW METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TAKING A CULTURE AND IDENTIFYING MICRO-ORGANISMS OF MOODS |
| US3875012A (en) * | 1974-01-30 | 1975-04-01 | Wadley Res Inst & Blood Bank | Apparatus and method for the detection of microbial pathogens |
| US4038150A (en) * | 1976-03-24 | 1977-07-26 | J. K. And Susie L. Wadley Research Institute And Blood Bank | Sample mixing and centrifugation apparatus |
| FR2381103A1 (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1978-09-15 | Pasteur Institut | Flask for cultivating biological culture partic. for blood tests - uses solid and liq. culture media simultaneously in controlled atmos. |
| US4154229A (en) * | 1977-08-10 | 1979-05-15 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Blood collection system with venipuncture indicator |
| US4164449A (en) * | 1977-11-03 | 1979-08-14 | J. K. And Susie L. Wadley Research Institute And Blood Bank | Surface separation technique for the detection of microbial pathogens |
| DE2828982C2 (en) * | 1978-07-01 | 1982-01-07 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | Device for carrying out tests with microorganisms |
| DE2922871A1 (en) * | 1978-07-25 | 1980-02-21 | Dresden Arzneimittel | TEST TUBE FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS |
| DE3012056A1 (en) * | 1979-03-28 | 1980-10-09 | Neuhaus Pharmaglas | Bacteraemia detection appts. - comprising a blood sampling and a blood culture system for separate incubation of liq. and solid nutrient medium |
-
1981
- 1981-07-16 DD DD81231829A patent/DD206683A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-06-25 CH CH3918/82A patent/CH661285A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-25 DE DE19823223715 patent/DE3223715A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-06-28 AT AT0250482A patent/AT384679B/en active
- 1982-07-05 BG BG8257275A patent/BG42105A1/en unknown
- 1982-07-13 FR FR8212302A patent/FR2509750B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-14 DK DK315982A patent/DK315982A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-07-14 IT IT48809/82A patent/IT1189317B/en active
- 1982-07-15 BE BE0/208594A patent/BE893844A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-07-16 ES ES514069A patent/ES514069A0/en active Granted
- 1982-07-16 HU HU822332A patent/HU193267B/en unknown
- 1982-07-16 GB GB08220668A patent/GB2102947B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5047331A (en) * | 1983-02-04 | 1991-09-10 | Oxoid Limited | Method and device for bacterial testing |
| EP0590775A1 (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-04-06 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
| US5432061A (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1995-07-11 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
| AU670104B2 (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1996-07-04 | Becton Dickinson & Company | Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms |
| US5583044A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1996-12-10 | Ruksenas; M. A. | Fluid sampler and testing unit |
| WO2001036664A1 (en) * | 1999-11-16 | 2001-05-25 | Appliedsensor Sweden Ab | A method for detecting contaminating microorganisms |
| CN110804644A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-18 | 阮雁春 | Method and device for detecting multiple microorganisms in food |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HU193267B (en) | 1987-09-28 |
| FR2509750B1 (en) | 1985-11-29 |
| DD206683A3 (en) | 1984-02-01 |
| ES8402019A1 (en) | 1984-01-01 |
| IT8248809A0 (en) | 1982-07-14 |
| DE3223715A1 (en) | 1983-02-03 |
| FR2509750A1 (en) | 1983-01-21 |
| GB2102947B (en) | 1985-11-06 |
| AT384679B (en) | 1987-12-28 |
| ATA250482A (en) | 1987-05-15 |
| DK315982A (en) | 1983-01-17 |
| ES514069A0 (en) | 1984-01-01 |
| IT1189317B (en) | 1988-02-04 |
| BE893844A (en) | 1982-11-03 |
| CH661285A5 (en) | 1987-07-15 |
| BG42105A1 (en) | 1987-10-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |