GB2101033A - Method of and apparatus for producing fibre-reinforced articles - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for producing fibre-reinforced articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2101033A GB2101033A GB08218137A GB8218137A GB2101033A GB 2101033 A GB2101033 A GB 2101033A GB 08218137 A GB08218137 A GB 08218137A GB 8218137 A GB8218137 A GB 8218137A GB 2101033 A GB2101033 A GB 2101033A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- strand
- forming
- curing
- moulding
- assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/0003—Producing profiled members, e.g. beams
- B29D99/0007—Producing profiled members, e.g. beams having a variable cross-section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
- B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/56—Tensioning reinforcements before or during shaping
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Fibrous reinforcing material (1,2) is impregnated at (6) with a liquid, heat-curable plastic and is fed as a continuous strand through a moulding passage in a moulding nozzle (7) by being grasped and pulled at a point outside the discharge end of the moulding passage. Downstream of the moulding nozzle (7) the strand is subjected to a simultaneous forming and curing action at (10) for shaping and curing the fibre-reinforced article in a desired shape e.g. of an automobile bumper. Following curing, the strand is cut into article lengths. The strand may be grasped and pulled at the said point with simultaneous subjection to forming and curing, or it may be grasped and pulled at a point following the forming and curing. The drawing may also occur while the strand is not being subjected to forming and curing. If necessary, the forming and curing operations may be carried out in several steps. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method of producing fibre-reinforced articles, and an assembly for carrying out the method
The invention relates to a method of producing fibre-reinforced articles, of the type wherein fibrous reinforcing material is impregnated with a liquid, heat-curable plastic and is fed as a continuous strand through a moulding passage in a moulding nozzle by being grasped and pulled at a point outside the discharge end of the moulding passage, and the strand, following curing, is then cut into article lengths. The invention also relates to an assembly for carrying out the method.
With a method of the aforegoing type, sometimes known as a pulltrusion method, fibre-reinforcing material can be drawn through a nozzle, and it may be impregnated inside or outside the nozzle. By supplying heat to the nozzle, continuous curing of the material strand can also be obtained. The pulltrusion technique is well known in connection with continuous or semi-continuous production of elongate articles in the form of fibre-reinforced profiled members. A limitation of this technique is that one can only produce elongate profiled members which must subsequently be separated, cut to shape, perhaps bent, etc.It is an object of the present invention to make possible the formation of objects having elongate fibre reinforcement, utilizing pulltrusion, whereby one obtains a quicker and also cost-saving production of fibre-reinforced articles of a configuration which deviates from the strand form, while retaining the good fibre orientation which one obtains with the longitudinal drawing process.
An example of the type of product for which the invention has been especially developed is bumpers for automobiles, but the invention is not restricted to such a specific group of products. Other products, preferably elongate articles with desired fibre orientation in the longitudinal direction, might be flagpoles, but one could also produce shorter objects, such as scoops or ladles.
Utilizing the prior art technique, i.e., impregnating the fibre reinforcement and imparting to it a suitable contour (cross section and quantity), the invention is distinguished in that the strand so obtained is subjected to simultaneous forming and curing action for shaping and curing the fibre-reinforced article in a desired shape deviating from the strand shape. This can be done in several ways.
A preferred method according to the invention is that the strand is grasped and pulled at the said point with simultaneous forming and curing action. In this case the material strand is drawn out of the moulding nozzle in an uncured state and into a forming tool which is mounted on a pulling means or a bed which
can move in the direction of pull. In this
forming tool, the material drawn out of the
nozzle is then formed and cured while at the
same time it is moved in the drawing direc
tion, thus pulling forth new material from the
moulding nozzle. The forming tool can also be
stationary, with the material strand in that
case standing still during the forming and
curing in the tool. One could also utilize a
freely travelling forming tool and a separate
pulling means.
With the new process according to the
invention, a product having good fibre orien
tation in the longitudinal direction is obtained.
The reinforcing material can also be braked
before it enters the moulding nozzle, as
known per se, so as to obtain prestressed
fibre reinforcement.
The invention also relates to an assembly
for carrying out the method, the assembly
being characterized by a forming/pressing
tool arranged downstream of the discharge
end of the moulding passage for shaping the
article and curing the length of material strand
held held in the tool. The forming/pressing tool
can be movable to and fro in the direction of
the strand. A drive means for moving the
forming/pressing tool back and forth in the
strand direction can be provided. A plurality
of forming/pressing tools operating in a
stroke sequence may of course also be uti
lized.
The invention is described further herein
after, by way of example only, with reference
to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a strictly schematic drawing
showing an apparatus or an assembly by
which the invention can be realized;
Figure 2 shows an impregnating chamber/moulding nozzle with interchangeable ends of
obtaining different cross section configurations
in the material strand;
Figure 3 shows an impregnating chamber/
moulding nozzle formed especially for a parti
cular desired cross section;
Figure 4 shows a detail, in cross section, of
the forming tool termination;
Figure 5 shows a second apparatus or as
sembly by which the invention can be real
ized;
Figure 6 shows a portion of a product
which can be produced in accordance with
the invention; and
Figure 7 in a strictly schematic manner,
shows how a product may be given substan
tially different end sections with almost equal
cross sectional volume.
The assembly illustrated in Fig. 1 includes a
shelf unit 1 with spools of thread reinforce
ment, such as glass fibre, carbon fibre, etc.,
and a shelf unit 2 for mats or webs (glass
fibre, carbon fibre, etc.) which can also be
used as reinforcement. A guide 3 is provided
for the reinforcing material. This guide 3 can also be formed as a pre-heater unit, optionally also as a prestressing device in which the reinforcing material is braked, and the unit 3 thus may be utilized for different purposes, separately or in combination.
A moulding nozzle-impregnating chamber is designated by numeral 6. In this part of the assembly, impregnation of the reinforcing material and also shaping of the strand cross section take place, the latter occurring at the latest at the discharge end 7 of the unit.
Downstream of the impregnating chamber/ moulding nozzle is a forming/pressing tool 10. This tool is utilized for shaping and final curing, and can be supplied with heat in a manner not illustrated in the drawing. The tool is placed on a pulling means 9. The top half of the tool is connected to a pressing means 8 which also acts as a locking means for the die. The pressing means is driven in an overhead support 13 for the assembly and moves together with the pulling means 9.
It is possible to have several successive forming/pressing tools, and another such tool is indicated with broken lines in Fig. 1, identified with numeral 11.
Following the tool 8, 9, 10, and optionally the tool 11, a retainer means 12 is provided which serves to secure the profiled member formed in the forming tool. The retainer means holds the material strand when the forming/pressing tool returns to its original position.
A car bumper may be produced in the assembly 1, as mentioned above. A part of such a bumper is shown in Fig. 6, which also shows that the article 14 which is produced, in the finished, formed state, has a shape which deviates from the straight strand configuration. As also may be seen on the drawing, during the forming operation a reinforcement or boss 15 for holes or thread bores may also be provided.
The assembly illustrated in Fig. 1 operates in the following manner:
Fibre reinforcement is supplied from the shelves or magazines 1,2, passing through the guide unit 3 to the impregnating chamber/moulding nozzle 6,7, where the fibre reinforcement is impregnated with a liquid, heat-curable resin material which is introduced into the interior of the impregnating chamber from a mixer 5. The impregnated material strand then passes from the nozzle to the forming/pressing tool 10, which closes about the material strand and effects shaping of the material strand section inside the tool. When the tool is closed, the top half being lowered by means of the pressing means 8, the material strand will be shaped as shown, producing in this case a bumper.By means of the drawing means 9, the forming/pressing tool is also moved toward the left in Fig. 1, thereby pulling a new length of material strand out from the moulding nozzle. The pulling rate and curing time are preferably adapted to each other so that when a sufficient new length of material strand has been pulled out the curing also will be complete, and the die can then be opened and returned to the starting position shown in Fig. 1. While this is taking place, the material strand will be held by the retainer means 12. The continuous material strand will thus include a finishformed product, but as yet not detached from the strand.The forming/pressing tool is preferably formed at both ends thereof as shown in the cross section in Fig. 4, so that a weakening or a mark is made in the strand for cutting or separating the articles, but the strand remains continuous until such cutting is performed. Fig. 4 shows how the top die half has a projection 16 which sets a mark in the strand.
In the finished article, see for example Fig.
6, a desirable, good fibre orientation in the longitudinal direction is obtained. If prestressed fibre reinforcement is desired, this can be obtained, as mentioned above, by utilizing the unit 3 as a prestressing device, which in that case brakes the reinforcing material 1,2 as it is being drawn into the nozzle, to tension it.
The formed articles are cut apart from the material strand at a suitable location beyond the retainer 12.
The pulling means 9 may be formed in many ways. As illustrated, it is movable in the overhead support 13, and it may have its own motor drive or be connected to a work cylinder operating in the longitudinal direction, that is, in the strand direction. Alternately, a rack drive or the like could also be used.
With the exception of the new forming/pressing tool 8, 9, 10 the assembly is basi cally conventional and can be constructed from previously known components used in pulltrusion assemblies. The impregnating chamber/moulding nozzle may be formed in many ways, and in Figs. 2 and 3 two favourable embodiments are illustrated. The embodiment in Fig. 2 is distinguished by being constructed with interchangeable ends for adaptation to a desired cross section, while the embodiment in Fig. 3 is a chamber/nozzle embodiment which is designed especially for the particular cross section that is desired, the latter being an embodiment which facilitates discharge of the raw material in a better, i.e.
more gradual and protective, manner. The embodiments shown in Figs. 2 and 3 are only intended to illustrate the possibilities which exist, and the invention is naturally not restricted to the use of such special impregnating chambers/nozzles.
Instead of an impregnating chamber, one could also utilize an impregnating bath, and such an assembly is shown in Fig. 5. This assembly is constructed somewhat differently than the assembly shown in Fig. 1 in other respects, too, but wherever the same or simi lar system components are found, the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 are used.
As opposed to the apparatus of Fig. 1, the impregnating material in this embodiment is not supplied in a moulding nozzle, but in a bath preceding the moulding nozzle. The bath 6' thus corresponds to the impregnating chamber 6 in Fig. 1, and the moulding of the strand cross section occurs in the unit 3', 7', at the location where the fibre reinforcement from the shelves 1,2 leaves the bath 6'. The bath is supplied with impregnating agent from raw material tanks 5 via the mixer 5, in the same manner as in Fig. 1.
Another difference in this second embodiment is that the forming/pressing tool 10' is stationary, and the tool's pressing means 8' is therefore also stationary in the overhead support 13. In this assembly, the pulling means 9' is formed as a separate part, located downstream of the forming tool 8', 10'. Also in this case, one or several forming/pressing tools can of course be utilized, as shown by the broken lines indicating an additional forming/pressing tool, designated by numeral 11'.
The assembly illustrated in Fig. 5 operates in the following manner:
The fibre reinforcement material from the shelves 1,2 passes through the impregnating bath 6', through the guide and moulding unit 3', 7', and into the forming/pressing tool 10', which is then closed for shaping the desired object, in this instance also a bumper of the type shown in Fig. 6. Following completion of forming and curing, the tool is again opened and the strand is grasped by the pulling means 9', which is then made to move toward the left in Fig. 5, pulling forth a new section of material strand for shaping by the forming/pressing tool, etc. While the tool is closed and forming and curing are taking place, the pulling means travels back toward the right and takes a new hold on the strand.
The assembly illustrated in Fig. 5 could also be combined with the assembly shown in Fig.
1, i.e.,an impregnating chamber could be utilized instead of the bath, or the forming/pressing tool 10' could be formed as a movable tool in the same way as in Fig. 1, in other words, so that it follows the movement of the pulling means 9' in the support 13.
Whether one should utilize one or several forming/pressing tools with depend on the curing time that is necessary.
Fig. 7, in a strictly schematic manner, shows how one can produce products which have an approximately equal cross sectional volume, but with substantially different end sections.
Theoretically there is no limit to the length of article one can produce with the invention, but in practice a length of up to 5-6 metres will be maximum. The invention is especially well suited for producing elongate fibre-reinforced articles of a simple shape, with a generally fairly equal cross section, but one can also vary the cross section rather significantly, as indicated in Fig. 7, and one can also produce more complicated objects, such as scoops, for instance.
Claims (13)
1. A method of producing fibre-reinforced articles, comprising impregnating fibrous reinforcing material with a liquid, heat-curable plastics and feeding same as a continuous strand through a moulding passage in a moulding nozzle by grasping and pulling the strand at a point outside the discharge end of the moulding passage, subjecting the strand to simultaneous forming and curing action for shaping and curing the fire-reinforced article in a desired shape deviating from the strand shape, and then cutting the strand into appropriate article lengths.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strand is grasped and pulled at the said point with simultaneous subjection to forming and curing.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strand is grasped and pulled at a point downstream of the forming and curing action.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pulling occurs while the strand is not being subjected to forming and curing.
5. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the forming and curing action is carried out in a plurality of steps.
6. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing material is braked before entering the moulding nozzle, for obtaining prestressed reinforcement in the article.
7. An assembly for carrying out the method of claim 1, comprising a moulding nozzle with a moulding passage for shaping a material strand, means for supplying reinforcing material impregnated with a liquid, heatcurable plastic to the inlet end of the moulding passage, a pulling mechanism arranged downstream of the discharge end of the moulding passage for pulling the material strand through and out of the passage in the moulding nozzle, and a forming/passage tool disposed downstream of the discharge end of the moulding passage for shaping the article and curing the length of material strand held in the tool.
8. An assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein the forming/pressing tool is movable to and fro in the strand direction.
9. An assembly as claimed in claim 8, including a drive means for moving the forming/pressing tool to and fro in the strand direction.
10. An assembly as claimed in claims 7, 8 or 9, including means for braking the fibre reinforcing material in front of the moulding nozzle.
11. An assembly as claimed in claims 7, 8, 9 or 10, having a plurality of said forming/pressing tools operating in a stroke sequence.
12. A method of producing fibre-reinforced articles, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
13. An assembly for carrying out the method of claim 12 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO812163A NO812163L (en) | 1981-06-24 | 1981-06-24 | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBER-ARMED GOODS AND DEVICE FOR EXECUTING THE PROCEDURE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2101033A true GB2101033A (en) | 1983-01-12 |
Family
ID=19886141
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08218137A Withdrawn GB2101033A (en) | 1981-06-24 | 1982-06-23 | Method of and apparatus for producing fibre-reinforced articles |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3223093A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2101033A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO812163L (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2513563A1 (en) * | 1981-09-26 | 1983-04-01 | Kawasaki Yuko Kk | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MOLDED PARTS FROM A SHEET OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
| EP0123225A1 (en) * | 1983-04-20 | 1984-10-31 | Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH | Composite structure machine and method |
| GB2144683A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1985-03-13 | Ramage Lanes Morton | A fibre reinforced beam |
| FR2568167A1 (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-01-31 | Renault | PROCESS FOR MOLDING ORIENTED FIBER PREIMPREGNES |
| EP0384063A2 (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-08-29 | Edison Polymer Innovation Corporation ( Epic) | Process for preparing composites |
| EP0403607A1 (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1990-12-27 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Pultrusion system for condensation resin injection |
| EP0431442A2 (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-06-12 | The C.A. Lawton Company | Method and apparatus for making preforms |
| US5043128A (en) * | 1987-06-27 | 1991-08-27 | Shin Nihon Koku Seibi Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of forming plastic composite material |
| US5176865A (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1993-01-05 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Pultrusion method for condensation resin injection |
| GB2295572A (en) * | 1991-11-01 | 1996-06-05 | Applied Res Australia | Moulding fibre-reinforced products |
| EP3564017A1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-06 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Pultrusion tool, apparatus and method |
| WO2020077358A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | Arris Composites Inc. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing fiber composite parts |
| US10836125B2 (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2020-11-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Pultrusion of continuous sections having discontinuous cross-sectional profile |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4208670C2 (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1995-02-02 | Peguform Werke Gmbh | Process for the production of supports made of fiber-reinforced plastics for motor vehicle bumpers and such supports |
-
1981
- 1981-06-24 NO NO812163A patent/NO812163L/en unknown
-
1982
- 1982-06-21 DE DE19823223093 patent/DE3223093A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-06-23 GB GB08218137A patent/GB2101033A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2513563A1 (en) * | 1981-09-26 | 1983-04-01 | Kawasaki Yuko Kk | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MOLDED PARTS FROM A SHEET OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
| EP0123225A1 (en) * | 1983-04-20 | 1984-10-31 | Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH | Composite structure machine and method |
| GB2144683A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1985-03-13 | Ramage Lanes Morton | A fibre reinforced beam |
| FR2568167A1 (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-01-31 | Renault | PROCESS FOR MOLDING ORIENTED FIBER PREIMPREGNES |
| EP0172050A1 (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-02-19 | Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault | Method of moulding pre-impregnated articles consisting of oriented fibres |
| US5043128A (en) * | 1987-06-27 | 1991-08-27 | Shin Nihon Koku Seibi Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of forming plastic composite material |
| US5176865A (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1993-01-05 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Pultrusion method for condensation resin injection |
| EP0403607A1 (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1990-12-27 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Pultrusion system for condensation resin injection |
| EP0403607A4 (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1992-04-01 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Pultrusion system for condensation resin injection |
| US5294461A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1994-03-15 | Edison Polymer Innovation Corporation | Pultrusion process for preparing composites |
| EP0384063A2 (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-08-29 | Edison Polymer Innovation Corporation ( Epic) | Process for preparing composites |
| EP0384063A3 (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1992-01-02 | Edison Polymer Innovation Corporation ( Epic) | Process for preparing composites |
| EP0431442A3 (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-09-11 | The C.A. Lawton Company | Method and apparatus for making preforms |
| EP0431442A2 (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-06-12 | The C.A. Lawton Company | Method and apparatus for making preforms |
| GB2295572A (en) * | 1991-11-01 | 1996-06-05 | Applied Res Australia | Moulding fibre-reinforced products |
| GB2295572B (en) * | 1991-11-01 | 1996-11-27 | Applied Res Australia | Polymeric mouldings reinforced with tows of fibres |
| US10836125B2 (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2020-11-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Pultrusion of continuous sections having discontinuous cross-sectional profile |
| EP3564017A1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-06 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Pultrusion tool, apparatus and method |
| WO2020077358A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | Arris Composites Inc. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing fiber composite parts |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3223093A1 (en) | 1983-01-13 |
| NO812163L (en) | 1982-12-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |