GB2098112A - Casting incorporating hard, e.g. wear-resistant, insert - Google Patents
Casting incorporating hard, e.g. wear-resistant, insert Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2098112A GB2098112A GB8208674A GB8208674A GB2098112A GB 2098112 A GB2098112 A GB 2098112A GB 8208674 A GB8208674 A GB 8208674A GB 8208674 A GB8208674 A GB 8208674A GB 2098112 A GB2098112 A GB 2098112A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- carbide particles
- wear resistant
- cemented carbide
- compact
- metallic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/285—Teeth characterised by the material used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/06—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for manufacturing or repairing tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
A double composite structure comprising cemented carbides embedded in a first metal matrix, e.g. of an austenitic stainless steel, forming a wear, impact, drill and corrosion resistant body made by powder metallurgy techniques and having molten metal cast around the body; to form parts which are particularly useful for earth- moving and security applications.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Casting having wear resistant compacts and
method of manufacture
The present invention relates to the field of wear
resistant castings and their manufacture. More spe
cifically, the present invention relates to the field of
wear resistant earthworking castings and penetra
tion resistant security devices.
In the field of earthworking equipment, the useful
lifetime of the teeth contacting the formation being
worked is important to the economic success of the
work being performed.
The lifetime of these teeth are affected by the
environment in which they operate. Typically, the
environments encountered may produce conditions
of abrasive wear, impact loading, temperature varia
tion, vibration and corrosion at the teeth surface, all
factors which tend to reduce the lifetime of the tooth
or tool. The high cost in terms of downtime and tool
cost for the replacing of worn out and broken tools
has led to the development of a wide variety of tools
designed to provide improvements in their inservice lifetimes.
In some cases, these improved tool designs have
included the embedding of carbide into the tool
working surface through casting processes (see, for
example, United States Patent Nos. 4,024,902 and 4,140,170).
These casting techniques present problems when
it is desired to produce castings having relatively
thin cross sections or when it is desired to place
carbide particles on the surface of a vertically
extending appendage, as well as a horizontal por
tion, of a casting.
In order to minimize dissolution of the carbide
particles during casting, and the resulting brittle eta
phase (M6C or M12 C carbide containing tungsten
and iron) produced at the carbide steel interfaces,
the cemented carbide particles utilized typically
should have a size of at least 1/8 inch. Increasing the
size of the particles reduces the carbide-stee inter
face area. However, in thin sections of a casting
having a thickness only slightly larger than the
carbide size, the carbides can act in conjunction with
the mold to rapidly and excessively chill the molten
metal flowing between the carbides and thereby
cause incomplete filling in these thin sections.
It is also impractical to hold large cemented
carbide particles uniformly dispersed along a vertic
al section of a casting without filling that section with
carbide from the bottom up so as to hold the
carbides in position during casting. This can lead to
the aforementioned voids and/or incomplete filling
due to excessive chilling of the melt.
Australian Patent No. AU-B1-31362/77 attempts to
avoid the aforementioned casting problems by mill
ing a heat treatable low alloy steel powder together
with a tungsten carbide powder or tungsten molyb
denum solid solution carbide powder, and then
pressing and sintering to substantially full density a
compact of the resulting mixture. Low alloy steel is
then cast around the sintered steel-carbide compact
to form a finished component. This Australian patent, however, limits the steel powders used to low chromium content steel.
Brief summary of the invention
According to the present invention, a tough wear resistant body having carbide particles with a size greater than 400 mesh embedded substantially within a first metallic matrix are described. The above composite of carbide particles and first metallic matrix is bonded to a second metallic matrix.
Preferably, the carbide particles are cemented carbide particles, most preferably containing tungsten carbide. Preferably, the carbide particles comprise 30 to 80 w/o of the composite and have a size greater than 40 mesh.
Preferably, the second metallic matrix substantially surrounds the composite of carbide particles and first metallic matrix.
Preferably, the first metallic matrix is composed of steel, preferably, stainless steel, and most preferably an austenitic stainless steel.
Preferably, the second metallic matrix is composed of steel, preferably, a low alloy steel or austenitic steel, and most preferably an austenitic stainless steel.
It is also preferred that the cemented carbide particles utilized contain principally tungsten carbide and a binder selected from cobalt, nickel, their alloys with each other, or their alloys with other metals.
It has also been found that where the first metallic matrix is austenitic stainless steel, the first matrix may be less than 90 percent dense or as low as 75 to 85 percent dense.
Also provided, according to the present invention, is a process in which the carbide particles are blended with the first metallic matrix powders, and the blend is then isostatically compacted and sintered. A second metallic matrix or molten metal is then bonded to said compact. The molten metal may be cast substantially around the compact or, depending on the application, such as in providing a wear surface, the molten metal may not completely incorporate the composite.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to minimize the brittle phases produced when casting molten metal around carbides.
It is, therefore, also an object of the present invention to provide a product having excellent wear, corrosion and drill resistant properties as well as good toughness.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process by which an earthworking tool or penetration resistant security device can be fabricated.
Brief description ofthe drawings
The exact nature of the present invention will become more clearly apparent upon reference to the following detailed specification, reviewed in conjuction with the following drawings:
Figure 1 shows an isometric view of a cast lock box according to the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a cross section of the embodiment shown in Figure 1 viewed along arrows ll-ll.
Figure 3 shows a cross section through a mold cavity used to produce the Figure 1 embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 shows a cross section through an embodiment of a digger tooth according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In accordance with the present invention, 30 to 80 weight percent of carbide particles are blended with 70 to 20 weight percent of steel powder to produce a substantially uniform mixture of carbide and steel.
The carbide particles used are preferably cemented tungsten carbides having a size of 400 mesh or, more preferably, greater than 40 mesh. Most preferably, these cemented carbide particles should have a size of -6+12 mesh (U.S. Sieve Series), or 0.13 between .066 inches, respectively.
It has been found that sintered composites containing cemented carbide particles within this most preferred size range are resistant to penetration by drilling.
Further improvements in wear resistance and drill penetration resistance may be obtained by utilizing carbide particles having a bimodal size distribution.
In this embodiment of the invention, the size of the smaller carbide particles is selected so as to allow them to fit into the interstices formed between the larger carbide particles, thereby further increasing wear resistance.
The cemented carbide may have a metallic binder selected from cobalt, nickel, or cobalt-nickel alloys.
In addition to the tungsten carbide, the cemented carbide may contain lesser amounts of other carbides, such as tantalum carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, zirconium carbide and vanadium carbide. Crushed and screened scrap cemented carbide has been found to be suitable for use in this process.
While tungsten carbide particles of greater than -400 mesh may be substituted for all of part of the cemented carbide particles in the composite, tungsten carbide powder is not preferred since it bonds less readily to the steel, tends to fracture easily and generally provides less wear and impact resistance then cemented tungsten carbides of the same particle size.
The steel powder utilized in this invention may be an alloy steel, but is preferably a stainless steel because of their greater resistance to corrosion.
However, most preferred of the stainless steels are the austenitic stainless steels because of their high wear and impact resistance from room temperature down to cryogenic temperatures. Of the austenitic stainless steels, AISI types 301, 302,304 and304L grades are preferred because of their high work hardening rates.
In addition to the carbide and steel powders in the charge, organic binders are also added to prevent segregation and produce uniform distribution of the carbides during blending and retention of the uniform mixture after blending.
After blending, the mixture of powders is compacted by uniaxially pressing in a die or isostatic pressing in a preform mold, preferably at approximately 35,000 psi, but not less than 10,000 psi.
After compaction, the compact is then sintered at a temperature preferably below the melting point of the steel and, most preferably, in the range of 1900 degrees Fahrenheit to 2250 degrees Fahrenheit for 20 to 90 minutes, thereby avoiding the formation of eta phases at the cemented carbide-steel interface, and still providing a strong metallurgical bond between the cemented carbide and the steel.
In most cases, the bond between the steel and cemented carbide takes the form of an alloy layer at the cemented carbide-steel interface. This layer is principally comprised of cobalt and iron and is typically less than 40 microns thick. This bond is important to the secure retention of the coarse cemented carbide particles within the steel matrix.
It has been found that the as sintered compacts utilizing austenitic stainless steel powder generally exhibit interconnected microporosity and have a steel binder density of less than 90 percent of theoretical and, more typically, 75 percent to 85 percent of theoretical. To increase the density of the compacts' hot isostatic pressing, infiltration or increased compacting pressures may be employed.
These processes will also result in improved carbide retention in the composite. The infiltrant used may be selected from any of the copper base or silver base brazing materials that wet both strainless steel and carbide.
The sintered compact is then positioned within a mold and molten metal is poured around itto produce a casting. The casting procedure used may be any of those well known to those skilled in the art.
However, it is preferred that the casting procedure described in United States Patent No. 4,024,902 be used. Preheating of the compact may be utilized priorto pouring ofthe molten metal into the mold.
The molten metal may be a ferrous or nonferrous alloy and is, preferably, steel. The type of steel utilizing need not be identical to that contained in the compact. Where impact, strength and corrosion properties are important, the cast steel is preferably an austenitic stainless steel. Low alloy and austenitic manganese steels may also be utilized.
The cast steel forms a metallurgical bond with the steel binder in the compact with a minimal amount of reaction with the cemented carbides. The formation of eta phase is thereby minimized since the surface area of the carbides coming into contact with the molten steel has been minimized.
The use of the cemented carbide-steel compacts also allows the carbides to be bonded in a variety of concentrations, positions and orientations both on the surface and beneath the surface of castings.
The process and products according to the present invention will become more apparent upon reviewing the following detailed examples.
Example No. 1
A number of wear and impact resistant digger teeth 1 (see Figure 4) having compacts 3 were fabricated. A uniformly blended mixture composed of 60 w/o 1/8 inch to 3/16 inch cobalt cemented tungsten carbide granules and 40 w.p. minus 100 mesh atomized 304L austenitic stainless steel powder (manufactured by Hoeganaes Corporation of
New Jersey) was prepared by dry mixing with 1.25 w/o paraffin and w/o 0.75 ethyl cellulose. The mixture was manually compacted into an elastomeric polyurethane mold cavity of the desired compact shape (2 inches long x 3/4 inch wide x 1/4 inch thick), dimensioned to allow for cold isostatic powder compaction plus one percent sintering shrinkage. Following cold isostatic ompaction at 35,000 psi, the compacted preform was removed from the mold and vacuum sintered at 2100 degrees
Fahrenheit for 60 minutes.The sintered bodies were then placed in a sand mold that had eight recesses formed to the required digger tooth shape. The ingredients to produce an AISI 4340 low alloy steel were melted in an induction furnace, the compacts were preheated, and the steel cast into the mold at 3050 degrees Fahrenheit to 3150 degrees Fahrenheit to form the digger tooth shown in Figure 4 in which the 4340 steel 5 is bonded to two angularly related faces of the compact 3.
A metallographic examination disclosed that the stainless steel matrix containing an austenitic structure with some intergranular chromium carbides referred to as sensitization, which is typical of slow cooled austenitic stainless steels after sintering.
Sensitization can be eliminated by a subsequent solution heat treatment. The cemented carbidestainless steel matrix interfaces contained a continuous bond zone approximately 15 microns thick of an alloy principally composed of iron and cobalt.
The cemented carbide dispersed particles appeared free of thermal cracking with a minimum amount of dissolution, melting or degradation of the dispersed carbide phase at or near the interfacial boundaries.
There was some melting or blending of the stainless steel and some degradation of carbides where the molten metal made contact with the carbides at the surface of the compact. However, below the compact surface, the interfacial carbide boundaries were generally sharp except for the aforementioned ironcobalt alloy diffusion zone. No potentially harmful concentrations of eta phases were observed.
Test samples were repeatedly (five and six times) strick wuth a ball peen hammer at room and at liquid nitrogen (-320 degrees Fahrenheit) temperatures and found to have good impact resistance with little evidence of brittle type fractures. It should be noted, however, that with a higher weight percent of cemented carbides in the composite, the impact resistance might be reduced slightly, but its resistance to wear and drill penetration would increase.
Micro hardness measurements of a section of the as cast digger tooth showed average hardnesses (indentations) of about 75 R"C", 29 R"C" and 38 R"C" within a traverse of the cemented carbide, 304L stainless steel and 4340 steel (0.125 inch from the stainless steel interfaces) respectively.
Example No. 2
A drill resistant lock box 10 shown in Figure 1 was produced by casting molten 4340 grade low alloy steel around sintered 304L stainless steel-carbide plates (4 inches long x 2 1/2 inches wide x 1/8 inch to 3/16 inch thick) and plates (3 1/4 inches long x 2 1/2 inches wide x 1/8 inch to 3/16 inch thick). The position of one of the sintered plates 12 is shown by the dashed lines. The plates were made by uniformly blending a mixture of 50.0 w/o -8+12 mesh cobalt cemented tungsten carbide chips, 50.0 w/o -100 mesh AISI 304L stainless steel powder, and 10.0 w/o of binders (Chloruthene Nu and 0.75 Ethyl Cellulose).
The matrix stainless steel powder containing the dispersed hard carbide phase was packed in a polyurethane mold shaped to the plate dimensions.
The mold was then sealed, placed in a rubber bag which was evacuated and sealed and then isostatically pressed at 35,000 psi. The compacted plate, after being removed from the rubber bag and mold, was sintered in a vacuum furnace at 2100 degrees
Fahrenheit for 60 minutes.
The drill resistant plates were then positioned in the front, back and sides of the lock box cavity in a mold. Figure 3 shows a section through a sand mold 30 having a cavity formed between a cope section 32 and a drag section 34. Sintered plates 12 are shown held in position in the side wall cavities by nails 36 and 40 which are embedded in the drag portion 34 of the mold 30. Cemented carbide particles 42 have been laid on the bottom surface of the cavity. Prior to placing the cope 32 on the drag 34, the cemented carbide particles 42 and plates 12 were preheated.
The cope 32 was then placed into the drag 34 and molten 4340 low alloy steel was poured into the mold cavity.
The objective of the present invention in this security application is to provide the lock box with 1/8 inch thick sintered stainless steel-cemented carbide plates enveloped with steel for protection against drill penetration.
It is a further object and novel feature of this invention that when making the lock box that the plate or plates will retain their shape and the carbide particles remain uniformly dispersed in the plates when molten steel is cast around them filling the remaining lock box wall cavity. After the destruction of two masonary 1/8 diameter drill bits, the front section 14 of the lock box 10 shown in Figure 1 was not penetrated.
A section cut through the lock box containing the carbide-stainless steel plate is shown in Figure 2.
There was a little melting of the stainless steel when the molten alloy steel was cast around the sintered stainless steel carbide plate and the carbides remained uniformly dispersed in the plate 12. There was very little carbide degradation and a minimum of brittle phases at the carbide-4340 steel interfaces.
A metallurgical bond was produced between the austenitic structure of the stainless steel and the 4340 cast steel structure. The carbide particles 42 in the bottom wall 20 of the box may be replaced by plates identical or similar to those shown in the side walls 22.
Example No. 3
Drill and impact resistant, 5/32 inch thick plates were fabricated. Fifteen plates consisted of a uniformly blended mixture of 60 w/o 3/32 inch to 1/8 inch (-8+12 mesh) cobalt cemented tungsten carbide chips, 40 w/o minus 100 mesh 304L stainless steel powder, 2 w/o of chlorothene Nu, 1 w/o ethyl cellulose and 1/4 w/o armido wax. A second group of 15 plates were made with 70 w/o (-8+12 mesh) cemented carbide chips and 30 w/o (-100 mesh) 304L stainless steel powder similarly blended. The armido wax and ethyl cellulose were added to the powder blend during mixing as a pressing lubricant to prevent segregation of the carbide particles during mixing and mold filling. Next, the matrix powder containing the dispersed hard carbide phase was packed in a preform mold made of polyurethane. The packed mold with a suitable fitted cover was then sealed and placed in a rubber bag or balloon which was evacuated, sealed and isostatically pressed at about 35,000 psi. The plates were then sintered in a vacuum furnace at 2100 degrees
Fahrenheit for 60 minutes.
These plates may now be incorporated into a casting using the casting techniques previously described or any of the other casting methods known in the art.
Modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (31)
1. Atough wear resistant body comprising: a penetration resistant component having carbide particles with a size greater than 400 mesh, a first metallic matrix, and wherein said particles are bonded to and located substantially within said first matrix; a second metallic matrix; and wherein said second metallic matrix is bonded to said penetration resistant component.
2. Atough wear resistant body according to
Claim 1 wherein said particles are cemented carbide particles.
3. A touch wear resistant body comprising: a penetration resistant component having: cemented carbide particles; a first metallic matrix, and wherein said cemented carbide particles are bonded to, and located substantially within, said matrix; and a second metallic matrix bonded to said penetration resistant component.
4. Atough wear resistant body according to
Claim 3 wherein said second metallic matrix substantially surrounds said penetration resistant component.
5. A tough wear resistant body according to
Claims 1,2 or 3 wherein said first metallic matrix comprises an austenitic stainless steel.
6. Atough wear resistant body according to
Claim 5 wherein said second metallic matrix comprises steel.
7. A tough wear resistant body according to
Claim 3 wherein said cemented carbide particles have a size greater than 40 mesh.
8. A tough wear resistant body according to
Claims 2 or 3 wherein said cemented carbide particles comprise tungsten carbide.
9. A tough wear resistant body according to
Claim 7 wherein said cemented carbide particles further comprise a binder selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, their alloys with each other, and their alloys with other metals.
10. Atough wear resistant body according to
Claim 5 wherein said matrix of austenitic stainless steel is less than 90 percent dense.
11. A tough wear resistant body according to
Claim 10 wherein said matrix is 75 to 85 percent dense.
12. A tough wear resistant body according to
Claim 3 wherein said cemented carbide particles have an irregular shape.
13. A tough wear resistant product prepared by a process comprising the steps of: compacting a mixture of cemented carbide particles and a first steel powder; and bonding a molten metal to said compact.
14. The product prepared by the process according to Claim 13 wherein said cemented carbide particles comprise 30 to 80 w/o of said compact.
15. The product prepared by the process according to Claim 13 further comprising the step of sintering said compact prior to casting.
16. The product prepared by the process according to Claim 13 wherein said compacting step comprises isostatic compacting.
17. The product prepared by the process accord- ing to Claim 13 further comprising the step of selecting cemented carbide particles having a mesh size greater than 40 mesh to be used in said mixture.
18. A process comprising the steps of: compacting a mixture of cemented carbide particles and a metallic powder to form a compact; and casting a metallic liquid adjacent to said compact bonding said compact to said metallic liquid.
19. A process according to Claim 18 wherein said metallic liquid substantially surrounds said compact.
20. A process according to Claims 18 or 19 further comprising the step of: selecting cemented carbide particles having a mesh size greater than 40 mesh for use in said mixture.
21. A process according to Claim 18 further comprising the step of sintering said compact below the melting temperature of said metallic powder priorto casting.
22. A metallic casting comprising: a base portion; a wall portion; said wall portion extending out ofthe plane of said base portion; a compact of powder particles; cemented carbide particles contained within said compact; said compact bonded to and substantially contained within said wall portion.
23. A metallic casting according to Claim 22 wherein said wall has a first predetermined thickness; said compact has a second predetermined thickness; and said first predetermined thickness is greater than said second predetermined thickness.
24. A metallic casting according to Clairn 22 wherein said cemented carbide particles are substantially uniformly distributed through said compact.
25. A metallic casting according to Claim 22 wherein said cemented carbide particles have a size greater than 400 mesh.
26. A tough wear resistant body according to
Claims 1,2 or 3 wherein said carbide particles have a bimodal size distribution.
27. A tough wear resistant body substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.
28. A tough wear resistant product substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.
29. A process for producing a tough wear resistant product substantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.
30. A metallic casting substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.
31. Any features of novelty, taken singly or in combination, of the embodiments of the invention as herein before described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US25779581A | 1981-04-27 | 1981-04-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2098112A true GB2098112A (en) | 1982-11-17 |
GB2098112B GB2098112B (en) | 1985-09-04 |
Family
ID=22977779
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8208674A Expired GB2098112B (en) | 1981-04-27 | 1982-03-24 | Casting incorporating hard eg wearresistant insert |
Country Status (23)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS57184570A (en) |
KR (1) | KR870001312B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU536171B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE892988A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1192019A (en) |
CH (1) | CH652752A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3214552C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK162881C (en) |
ES (1) | ES8403052A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI821423L (en) |
FR (1) | FR2504426B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2098112B (en) |
IE (1) | IE52547B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL65573A0 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1150806B (en) |
LU (1) | LU84105A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX161611A (en) |
NL (1) | NL8201494A (en) |
NO (1) | NO159147C (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ200325A (en) |
PT (1) | PT74804B (en) |
SE (1) | SE454058B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA822179B (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2219537A (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-12-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Member having improved surface layer and process for making the same |
US5241737A (en) * | 1991-03-21 | 1993-09-07 | Howmet Corporation | Method of making a composite casting |
US5241738A (en) * | 1991-03-21 | 1993-09-07 | Howmet Corporation | Method of making a composite casting |
US5332022A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-07-26 | Howmet Corporation | Composite casting method |
US5678298A (en) * | 1991-03-21 | 1997-10-21 | Howmet Corporation | Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding |
US5981083A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1999-11-09 | Howmet Corporation | Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding |
GB2351686A (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2001-01-10 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Molded article of metal matrix composite bonded to metallic material and method of making same |
WO2010136055A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Metalogenia S.A. | Wear element for earth working machine with enhanced wear resistance |
ITUD20120159A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-15 | F A R Fonderie Acciaierie Roiale S P A | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL JETS |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2667809B1 (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1994-05-27 | Technogenia Sa | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PARTS WITH ANTI - ABRASION SURFACE. |
DE4332744A1 (en) * | 1993-09-25 | 1995-03-30 | Friatec Rheinhuette Gmbh & Co | Method for casting shaped parts |
JP3915774B2 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2007-05-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle deceleration control device |
JP4532527B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2010-08-25 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | Cast composite |
ES2327481B1 (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2010-09-29 | Italtractor Itm S.P.A. | PROCEDURE FOR MAKING METAL TOOLS COVERED WITH ABRASION RESISTANT MATERIAL. |
ES2408694B1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2014-04-29 | Bellota Agrisolutions, S.L. | POINT FOR PLOWING GRILL, PROCESS AND SAND MOLD FOR MANUFACTURING. |
WO2015103670A1 (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-16 | Bradken Uk Limited | Wear member incorporating wear resistant particles and method of making same |
CN113117907A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 广州市拓道新材料科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant swirler and manufacturing method thereof |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE550740C (en) * | 1932-05-14 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | Fire-proof and burglar-proof body for the wall of cash boxes, safes, safes, etc. like | |
DE672257C (en) * | 1936-11-11 | 1939-02-27 | Meutsch Voigtlaender & Co Vorm | Process for the production of workpieces which are provided with hard metal supports or inlays |
DE1133089B (en) * | 1954-12-07 | 1962-07-12 | Georg Hufnagel Fa | Method for manufacturing tools for machining by casting around sintered bodies, in particular hard metal bodies |
GB861349A (en) * | 1958-02-24 | 1961-02-15 | Serveo Mfg Corp | Hard facing material and method of making |
NL275996A (en) * | 1961-09-06 | |||
DE1508887A1 (en) * | 1966-08-27 | 1970-03-05 | Kloth Senking Ag | Cast part provided with lumpy inclusion bodies |
DE2365747C3 (en) * | 1973-07-13 | 1978-06-08 | Verschleiss-Technik Dr.-Ing. Hans Wahl Gmbh & Co, 7302 Ostfildern | Cast impact body |
DE2457449A1 (en) * | 1974-12-05 | 1976-06-10 | Wolfgang Gummelt | Composite castings with resistance to wear - made using motor vehicle ice tyre spikes as inexpensive cast insert |
US4043611A (en) * | 1976-02-27 | 1977-08-23 | Reed Tool Company | Hard surfaced well tool and method of making same |
DE2630932C2 (en) * | 1976-07-09 | 1984-03-15 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Wear-resistant composite material |
US4101318A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1978-07-18 | Erwin Rudy | Cemented carbide-steel composites for earthmoving and mining applications |
GB1582574A (en) * | 1977-05-14 | 1981-01-14 | Permanence Corp | Method of forming a metal-metallic carbide composite |
-
1982
- 1982-03-22 CA CA000398997A patent/CA1192019A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-24 GB GB8208674A patent/GB2098112B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-26 AU AU81992/82A patent/AU536171B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-03-30 ZA ZA822179A patent/ZA822179B/en unknown
- 1982-04-06 IE IE809/82A patent/IE52547B1/en unknown
- 1982-04-07 NL NL8201494A patent/NL8201494A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-04-08 IT IT20649/82A patent/IT1150806B/en active
- 1982-04-14 CH CH2241/82A patent/CH652752A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-16 NZ NZ200325A patent/NZ200325A/en unknown
- 1982-04-20 DE DE3214552A patent/DE3214552C2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-22 IL IL65573A patent/IL65573A0/en unknown
- 1982-04-22 LU LU84105A patent/LU84105A1/en unknown
- 1982-04-23 KR KR8201794A patent/KR870001312B1/en active
- 1982-04-23 MX MX192401A patent/MX161611A/en unknown
- 1982-04-23 FI FI821423A patent/FI821423L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-04-26 NO NO821367A patent/NO159147C/en unknown
- 1982-04-26 SE SE8202583A patent/SE454058B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-26 DK DK185982A patent/DK162881C/en active
- 1982-04-26 PT PT74804A patent/PT74804B/en unknown
- 1982-04-27 JP JP57069694A patent/JPS57184570A/en active Granted
- 1982-04-27 FR FR8207233A patent/FR2504426B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-27 BE BE0/207937A patent/BE892988A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-27 ES ES511755A patent/ES8403052A1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2219537A (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-12-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Member having improved surface layer and process for making the same |
GB2219537B (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1992-03-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Process for making a metal member having a surface layer |
US5241737A (en) * | 1991-03-21 | 1993-09-07 | Howmet Corporation | Method of making a composite casting |
US5241738A (en) * | 1991-03-21 | 1993-09-07 | Howmet Corporation | Method of making a composite casting |
US5678298A (en) * | 1991-03-21 | 1997-10-21 | Howmet Corporation | Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding |
US5332022A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-07-26 | Howmet Corporation | Composite casting method |
US5981083A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1999-11-09 | Howmet Corporation | Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding |
GB2351686A (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2001-01-10 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Molded article of metal matrix composite bonded to metallic material and method of making same |
GB2351686B (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2003-02-26 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Molded article of metal matrix composite and method for making such an article |
WO2010136055A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Metalogenia S.A. | Wear element for earth working machine with enhanced wear resistance |
ITUD20120159A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-15 | F A R Fonderie Acciaierie Roiale S P A | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL JETS |
WO2014041409A2 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | F. A. R. - Fonderie Acciaierie Roiale - Spa | Method for manufacturing steel casts |
WO2014041409A3 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-06-12 | F. A. R. - Fonderie Acciaierie Roiale - Spa | Method for manufacturing steel casts |
US20150246391A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-09-03 | F.A.R. - Fonderie Acciaierie Roiale - Spa | Method for Manufacturing Steel Casts |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4608318A (en) | Casting having wear resistant compacts and method of manufacture | |
JP4884374B2 (en) | Ground drilling bit | |
US5066546A (en) | Wear-resistant steel castings | |
US4146080A (en) | Composite materials containing refractory metallic carbides and method of forming the same | |
CA1192019A (en) | Casting having wear resistant compacts and method of manufacture | |
US4024902A (en) | Method of forming metal tungsten carbide composites | |
US4101318A (en) | Cemented carbide-steel composites for earthmoving and mining applications | |
US8025112B2 (en) | Earth-boring bits and other parts including cemented carbide | |
US4140170A (en) | Method of forming composite material containing sintered particles | |
Dwan | Production of diamond impregnated cutting tools | |
EP0046209B1 (en) | Steel-hard carbide macrostructured tools, compositions and methods of forming | |
GB1582574A (en) | Method of forming a metal-metallic carbide composite | |
JPS6127454B2 (en) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |