GB2094283A - Production of gelled particles - Google Patents
Production of gelled particles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2094283A GB2094283A GB8206218A GB8206218A GB2094283A GB 2094283 A GB2094283 A GB 2094283A GB 8206218 A GB8206218 A GB 8206218A GB 8206218 A GB8206218 A GB 8206218A GB 2094283 A GB2094283 A GB 2094283A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- nozzles
- solution
- process according
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- FLDALJIYKQCYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[Pu+4] FLDALJIYKQCYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229920003094 Methocel™ K4M Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002007 uranyl nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001089 [(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methanol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 tetrahydrofurfuryl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G56/00—Compounds of transuranic elements
- C01G56/004—Compounds of plutonium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
- B01J2/06—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a liquid medium
- B01J2/08—Gelation of a colloidal solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
This invention relates to a process for the atomization of solutions of metal salts and the conversion of the thus produced liquid droplets into gelled particles by dropping the droplets into a chemical bath which is carried out in an apparatus consisting of a pressurized vessel (1) for the solution, a thermostatic control system (2) for the solution, atomization nozzles (6) for atomizing the solution, a gelling column (4) containing a precipitation bath (9) (e.g. containing NH4OH solution), and a means (10, 11) for forming a cushion of air or inert gas around the nozzles to prevent clogging thereof. The examples describe preparation of UO2-PuO2 particles after sintering. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Production of gelled particles
This invention relates to a process which is suitable for the atomization of metal salt solutions and the conversion of the liquid droplets so produced into gelled particles by allowing them to drop into a chemical bath. This process can be used with great advantages for producing nuclear fuel particles or pellets according to the so-called sol-gel procedures, and, more particularly according to the process of precipitation on a gelling substrate as claimed, for example, in Italian Patent Nos.
727,301 and 778,768 and French Patent
No. 2,425,128. The particles and/or pellets of nuclear fuel can consist of oxides, carbides, nitrides and other salts of the fissile and/or fertile metals. Also, they can consist of bodies and articles of different geometrical configuration, of non-nuclear ceramic materials such as oxides of zirconium, chromium, silicon, titanium, nickel and others, either individually or in admixture.
The process of precipitation on a gelling substrate comprises, as its essential step, the atomization of the solution used in the process into liquid droplets having an appropriate diameter, followed by the conversion of the droplets into solid gelled particles by immersion in a chemical bath. The latter preferably consists of an ammoniacal solution.
The solution which is fed to the process generally consists of an aqueous solution of a salt of the metal concerned, modified by the addition of appropriate polymers (also called gelling agents) and, if required, other ingredients such as alcohols, wetting agents, suspended powders and other substances. The gelled particles so formed are then treated chemically, dried, fired and otherwise, and are utilized in the preparation of nuclear fuels or articles of non-nuclear nature, such as by vibratory compacting or by, subsequent to their conversion into pellets, cold pressing and sintering.In the process described above the atomization of the starting solution into the liquid droplets and the conversion of such liquid droplets into gelled particles suffers from stringent limitations as to the maximum hourly potential output and the hazard of clogging of the atomization nozzles, and also from disadvantages in respect of the diameter distribution of the particles and in respect of the minimum and maximum obtainable diameters for the particles.
The approaches suggested by the prior art are affected by considerable limitation and are characterised by a considerably high degree of intricacy. Known are, for example, the procedures described in U.S. Patents Nos.
3,957,923 and 3,731,850 and British Patents Nos. 1,401,962 and 1,467,281. All of these procedures are characterised by use of a pregelling stream of gaseous ammonia. This stream, by impinging on the liquid droplets prior to their impact on the free surface of the gelling bath, hardens the droplets and thus prevents the formation of flattened solid particles. However, the use of gasous ammonia is a drawback, since traces of ammonia are enough to cause either a complete or a partial clogging of the ducts used for the atomization by gelification of the feed solution flowing therethrough. Moreover, the use of gaseous ammonia in an installation for manufacturing nuclear fuels must be regarded as undesirable from the safety stand-point because of the possible formation of flammable mixtures of ammonia and air within comparatively wide concentration ranges.
Another defect which is common to all the prior art procedures described above is their cumbersome operation, which is not compatible with the requirements of remotely-controlled working and upkeep, and is often the case with the preparation of nuclear fuels.
There is also a serious limitation as to the minimum diameter which can be obtained for the particles under conditions of reasonable high outputs.
According to the present invention, there is provided a process for the production of liquid particles from a solution of a metal salt capable of precipitating in ammonium hydroxide and for converting the liquid particles into solid gelled particles, which comprises forming the liquid particles by ejecting the solution through nozzles shielded by a cushion of air or an inert gas and receiving the liquid particles in a precipitation vessel containing ammonium hydroxide, the concentration of ammoniacal vapour in the space above the precipitation bath being reduced by removal of the vapour from the space.
The present invention also provided an apparatus for producing gelled particles by a process according to the invention, comprising nozzles through which the solution can be ejected to form liquid particles, means for feeding the solution to the nozzles, a precipitation vessel for containing ammonium hydroxide into which the liquid particles are received so as to form gelled particles, and means for forming a cushion of air or inert gas around the nozzles to prevent clogging thereof.
The process of the invention can be adopted with advantage for the production of nuclear fuels. The process relates to the production of liquid particles of solutions of metal salts which can be precipitated in ammonium hydroxide solutions and to the conversion of the liquid particles into solid gelled particles, by ejecting the starting solution through nozzles within a gaseous environment from which gaseous ammonia is withdrawn while air or another inert gas is introduced, and dripping the liquid particles into a precipita tion bath consisting of an ammonium hydroxide solution. Preferably, the solution contains a gelling agent.
According to the invention, there can be obtained particles having a diameter greater than 0.5 mm, preferably 1 mm, whenever there are used nozzles which have an outside diameter greater than 1 mm. Should it be desired to obtain particles smaller than 0.8 mm, there are used nozzles which have diameters of 200 microns or less. The flow speeds which are used are preferably from 3 to 20 metres per second, more preferably from 5 to 10 metres per second. In addition, according to the present invention, the degree of sphericity of the solid gelled particles is preferably monitored by controlling the extent of removal of the ammoniacal vapour.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows an apparatus of the invention, which apparatus is simple to construct, easy to operate and reliable.
The apparatus shown in the drawing consists of a pressurized feed vessel 1, a thermostatic control system 2 for the feed solution, an atomizer 3, and a gelling column 4 having a foraminous lid 5. The feed solution is conveyed by the action of positive pressure from the feed vessel 1 to atomizing nozzles 6 through a thermostatically controlled coil 7 and metering valves 8, and is broken into liquid droplets according to the procedure to be described in more detail hereinafter.
The atomizing nozzles 6 are shielded so as not to contact the ammoniacal vapour from an underlying ammonium hydroxide precipitation bath 9, which would clog the nozzles by premature gelling of the feed solution flowing therethrough. The shielding means comprises a protection blanket consisting of a cushioning layer of air or an inert gas, the blanket being formed by continuously feeding the gas concerned to a jacket 10 via conduits 11 which are symmetrically distributed along the si- dewalls of the jacket 10.A second shielding means for the atomizing nozzles is provided by controllably drawing, through a valve (not shown), the ammoniacal vapour evolved by the precipitation bath, through suction pipes 1 3 symmetrically distributed along the si- dewalls, from the space defined by the upper surface of precipitating liquor bath 12, the walls of the gelling column 4 and the foraminous lid 5. The atomizing nozzles 6 can consist of small tubes having an outside diameter of from 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm, as diagram
matically shown in the drawing.Alternatively,
whenever it is desired to produce liquid dro
plets having a diameter of the order of magnitude of 0.500 mm or less, the atomizing
nozzles may consist of metal discs having a thickness of about 0.500 mm and having a
central perforation with a diameter of from
0.05 to 0.30 mm, depending upon the desired size of the particles.
When producing liquid particles having a comparatively large diameter, i.e. over 0.5 mm, the ejection speeds are kept comparatively low, typically 0.5 m/sec, so that the formation of the liquid particles takes place almost as in a conventional stalagometer. In other words, a liquid particle is formed as soon as the weight of the liquid on the nozzle end exceeds the superficial tension force of the liquid along the nozzle periphery.
For producing liquid particles having a diameter under 0.5 mm, comparatively high ejection speeds are adopted so as to bring about the formation of an unstable liquid fillet which, at a certain distance from the nozzle, breaks into liquid droplets, the mean diameter of which, as is well known, is a function of a number of variables such as the ejection speed, the nozzle diameter, the viscosity and the superficial tension of the solution, to cite only a few variables. The choice of working conditions different from those exemplified hereinafter is a mere question of trial and error.
The following Examples illustrate the invention.
EXAMPLE 1
An aqueous solution containing 0.168 mol/litre of Pu(NO3)4, 0.672 mol/litre of
UO2(NO3)2, 30% by volume of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and 9 grams per litre of Methocel K4M (a cellulose ester produced by Dow
Chemical, U.S.A) was converted into spherical gel particles of ammonium diuranate-plutonium hydroxide by means of a device as shown in the drawing and equipped with six dripping nozzles 6 consisting of small tubes having an outside diameter of 1.00 mm and an inside diameter of 0.6 mm.
The speed of ejection through each nozzle was maintained at 0.5 m/sec, which corresponds to an overall rate of flow of 3 litres per hour. The temperature of the thermostat 2 was maintained at 30"C during the test, whereas the overall distance of the nozzles 6 from the free surface of the ammonium hydroxide precipitation bath was approximately
1.5 cm. By controlling the flow of the gas drawn through the intake ducts 13, the spher
icity of the solid gelled particles which formed was controlled, this formation being virtually
instantaneous as the liquid droplets contact the precipitation bath 9. When the suction flow speed was exceedingly increased or decreased, as the case may be, the result was the formation of flattened particles and of tear-shaped particles, respectively. A decrease
of the intensity of the suction may also bring about clogging of the nozzles 6.
The particles obtained were washed in pure water, dried, fired and sintered at 1300"C.
The end product consisted of UO2-PuO2 parti
cles having a diameter of 750 i 1 5 microns, with a satisfactory spherical shape.
EXAMPLE 2
An aqueous solution containing 0.044 mol/litre of Pu(NO3)4, 0.168 mol/litre of
UO2(NO3)2, 1 mol/litre of free HNO3, 5% of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcobol and 3 g/litre of
Methocel K4M was converted into spheroidal particles of ammonium diuranate-plutonium hydroxide gel by means of a device as shown in the drawing and having twelve spray nozzles 6 consisting of small steel discs having a diameter of 5 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm, perforated by central holes having a diameter of 0.1 mm. The ejection speed through every individual nozzle was 10.61 m/sec, which corresponds to an overall rate of flow of 3.6 litre/hour. The temperature of the thermostat 2 during the test was maintained at 40"C, whereas the overall distance between the nozzles 6 and the free surface of the ammonium hydroxide bath was 100 mm.
There were obtained parricles having a satisfactory spherical shape which, upon firing in an argon atmosphere containing 5% of hydrogen at 1000"C, had diameters in the range of from 30 to 80 microns. The particles were subsequently compressed into "green" tabloids having a diameter of 6.8 mm and a thickness of 9 mm, by cold compression under a pressure of 5 tonnes/cm2, whereafter the green tabloids thus obtained were sintered at 1500"C to form a product having a density of more than 10.60 g/cm2.
Claims (14)
1. A process for the production of liquid particles from a solution of a metal salt capable of precipitating in ammonium hydroxide and for converting the liquid particles into solid gelled particles, which comprises forming the liquid. particles by ejecting the solution through nozzles shielded by a cushion of air or an inert gas and receiving the liquid particles in a precipitation vessel containing ammonium hydroxide, the concentration of ammoniacal vapour in the space above the precipitation bath being reduced by removal of the vapour from the space.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the particles obtained have a diameter greater than 0.5 mm, and the nozzles used have an outside diameter greater than 1 mm.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein the particles obtained have a diameter greater than 1 mm.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein the particles obtained have a diameter less than 0.8 mm and the nozzles used have a diameter of 200 microns or less.
5. A process according to claim 4, wherein the flow speed of the solution through the nozzles is from 3 to 20 m/sec.
6. A process according to claim 5, wherein the flow speed of the solution through the nozzles is from 5 to 10 m/sec.
7. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein the sphericity of the solid gelled particles is monitored by controlling the -extent of removal of the ammoniacal vapour.
8. A process according to claim 1, substantially as described with reference to the drawing.
9. A process according to claim 1, substantially as described in either the foregoing
Examples.
1 0. Gelled particles whenever prepared by a process according to any preceding claim.
11. Nuclear fuel whenever prepared from the gelled particles claimed in claim 1 0.
1 2. An apparatus for producing gelled particles by a process according to claim 1, comprising nozzles through which the solution can be ejected to form liquid particles, means for feeding the solution to the nozzles, a precipitation vessel for containing ammonium hydroxide into which the liquid particles are received so as to form gelled particles, and means for forming a cushion of air or inert gas around the nozzles to prevent clogging thereof.
1 3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the means for feeding the solution to the nozzles comprises a pressurized vessel and a thermostatic control system.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 12 or 13, further comprising means for removing ammoniacal vapour from the space above the ammonium hydroxide.
1 5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, the drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT20167/81A IT1136856B (en) | 1981-03-06 | 1981-03-06 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GEL PARTICLES AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THAT PROCEDURE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2094283A true GB2094283A (en) | 1982-09-15 |
| GB2094283B GB2094283B (en) | 1984-12-19 |
Family
ID=11164352
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8206218A Expired GB2094283B (en) | 1981-03-06 | 1982-03-03 | Production of gelled particles |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE892385A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3208048A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2501058B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2094283B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1136856B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0269215A1 (en) * | 1986-10-07 | 1988-06-01 | Corning Glass Works | Spherical particles having narrow distribution made by ultrasonic vibration |
| US5500162A (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1996-03-19 | Nukem Gmbh | Process and device for producing microspheres |
| EP1240883A1 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2002-09-18 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing seamless capsule |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4020344C2 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1993-09-30 | Leisegang Feinmech Optik | Manually operated manipulator |
| JPH08184690A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-16 | Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Dev Corp | Production of powder for nuclear fuel |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1311284A (en) * | 1969-04-09 | 1973-03-28 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Making of particulate spheres |
| GB1395486A (en) * | 1971-05-05 | 1975-05-29 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Formation of liquid droplets |
| US3731850A (en) * | 1972-01-14 | 1973-05-08 | Gulf Oil Corp | Droplet generator and method |
| IT983478B (en) * | 1973-02-23 | 1974-10-31 | Agip Spa | PROCEDURE FOR CHECKING THE GEOMETRIC PROPHRIET OF CELL PARTS OF CERAMIC MATERIALS |
| IT1051330B (en) * | 1974-12-16 | 1981-04-21 | Hobeg Hochtemperaturreaktor | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES OF BILE AND NUCLEAR FERTILIZER |
| US3957933A (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1976-05-18 | General Atomic Company | Apparatus for producing microspherical particles and method for operating such apparatus |
-
1981
- 1981-03-06 IT IT20167/81A patent/IT1136856B/en active
-
1982
- 1982-03-03 GB GB8206218A patent/GB2094283B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-05 DE DE19823208048 patent/DE3208048A1/en active Granted
- 1982-03-05 FR FR8203782A patent/FR2501058B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-05 BE BE0/207487A patent/BE892385A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0269215A1 (en) * | 1986-10-07 | 1988-06-01 | Corning Glass Works | Spherical particles having narrow distribution made by ultrasonic vibration |
| US5500162A (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1996-03-19 | Nukem Gmbh | Process and device for producing microspheres |
| EP1240883A1 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2002-09-18 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing seamless capsule |
| EP1240883A4 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2007-05-30 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing seamless capsule |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2501058A1 (en) | 1982-09-10 |
| GB2094283B (en) | 1984-12-19 |
| DE3208048C2 (en) | 1988-07-21 |
| BE892385A (en) | 1982-09-06 |
| FR2501058B1 (en) | 1987-06-05 |
| IT1136856B (en) | 1986-09-03 |
| DE3208048A1 (en) | 1982-09-16 |
| IT8120167A0 (en) | 1981-03-06 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20000303 |