GB2074413A - Photography apparatus for television picture - Google Patents

Abstract

A photography apparatus for a colour television picture comprises a video tape recorder (10) storing the colour video signal, together with a frame specifying signal recorded on an audio track against the frame next to the frame image to be photographed; the specifying signal being detected by a detecting head disposed before the audio head by a distance corresponding to one field in the direction of tape travel and causing the to be photographed frame image to be fed to a memory device (12); an NTSC decoder (34) for separating the signal stored in the memory into three primary color signals; a monochrome monitor (58) for reproducing images corresponding to each of the three primary color signals produced by the NTSC decoder (34) in succession; and a camera (66) with a vertically elongated aperture diaphragm (70) for photographing on color film, in superimposed fashion the three monitor images through color filters (76) passing only the respective primary color corresponding to each image. The diaphragm (70) sharpens the out-of focus camera photographs, only in line direction, whereby the line structure of the monitor images is blurred out. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Photography apparatus for television picture The present invention relates to a photography apparatus for television picture and, more particularly, to a photography apparatus for taking photographs of television picture images for originals of printing.

A need has recently arisen for printing a desired television picture in great numbers.

For this purpose, in general, the image on the screen of a color television receiver is photographed by a still camera. The obtained color photograph is placed in an electronic color scanner for producing four color separation plates for color printing: a Y (yellow) plate, an M (magenta) plate, a C (cyan) plate and BK (black) plate. Since the color television picture of the NTSC system is a moving picture of 30 frames per second, the shutter speed must be slower than 1/30 second for obtaining a photograph with a camera. The color temperature of the phosphorescent material painted on the screen of the cathode ray tube (CRT) of a television receiver is about 9,000"K. On the other hand, a color film is manufactured for general use in daylight, and its color temperature is in the range of 5,000 - 6,0O0'K.

Thus, a color temperature converting filter must be used for taking a photograph. However, since three kinds of phosphorescent material red, green and blue are painted on the CRT, the light-energy distribution of the phosphorescent material and the film-speed distribution of the film emulsion do not coincide, resulting in a color photograph which is unacceptable as an original. Further, since these phosphorescent materials of three different colors are painted in dotted form, does appear in the photograph and it is unacceptable in this respect, as well. That is, a photograph is enlarged beyond a certain degree, the dots become notable and resolving power is adversely affected. A television picture is constituted by 525 scanning lines regardless of the size of the picture and thus does not give a picture of good resolving power. Thus, the influence of the dots is fairly large.

Since the shutter speed must be considerably slow, the image may be blurred in photographing a fast-moving object, for example in photographing the images of a sport broadcast. Thus, it has been proposed not to directly photograph the television picture but to record the television signals by a video tape recorder (VTR) first, and then to photograph one frame picture reproduced by the VTR in the still frame mode. However, it is difficult to determine which frame to photograph among the frame recorded on one video tape. It is particularly difficult to determine which frame to print when the client and the printer are different and the client supplies a video tape with recorded television signals to the printer for printing.The client takes in advance a photograph of a predetermined frame to be printed with an instant camera and supplies the printer with this photograph and the tape counter value of the VTR read on an order mode. Then the printer determines which one is this predetermined frame by referring to this photograph and the counter value. However, several frames are included in one count of the counter. Accordingly, it is almost impossible for the printer to correctly determine the frame the client specified. it has also been proposed to record a time code signal representative of the hour, minute, second, and frame in an audio track of a video tape for specifying the frame. This time code signal can be generated by an already available SMPTE time code signal generator or a VITC signal generator. However, this type of signal generator is expensive, thus limiting the use of it.Further, the printer side must also have a detector for signals, resulting in an increase in cost both for the client and the printer.

The object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide an apparatus which can take a color photograph of a predetermined frame picture of a television picture recorded on a video tape recorder without degrading resolution, gradation and hue.

This object is accomplished by a photography apparatus for television picture which comprises video tape reproducing means which is capable of detecting a frame specifying signal which is recorded on a video tape at a position corresponding to a predetermined frame image during the playback mode; means for storing a frame image signal produced from the video tape playback means in response to the detection of the frame specifying signal, this means being connected to the video tape playback means; means for decoding the frame image signal read out from the storing means into three primary color signals and a luminance signal; scanning type monochrome monitoring means for converting an output signal from the decoding means into an image; and photographing means having an aperture diaphragm whose dimension in the direction perpendicular to scanning lines of the monitoring means is larger than its dimension along the direction of these scanning lines.

This invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a photography apparatus for television picture in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a view illustrating the shape of the aperture diaphragm of a camera shown in Fig. 1; Figure 3 is a view illustrating the outer apperance of this embodiment; Figure 4 is a schematic view illustrating a video tape recorder mechanism shown in Fig.

1; Figure 5 is a graph illustrating the lightemitting energy distribution of a screen of a monochrome monitor shown in Fig. 1; Figure 6 is a sectional view of the screen which is coated in multi-layer; Figure 7 shows the characteristics of a color filter shown in Fig. 1; Figure 8 is a perspective view of a filtering device shown in Fig. 1; Figure 9 is a front view of an operation panel shown in Fig. 1; Figures lOA and 108 are views illustrating the intensity distribution of a photograph in the vertical direction when the photograph is taken using a rectangular aperture diaphragm and an aperture diaphragm of the shape shown in Fig. 2, respectively; Figure 11 is a view illustrating the range of the screen of the monochrome monitor actually used in the photography;; Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating a modification of the detecting portion for a frame specifying signal; Figure 13 is a schematic view illustrating a modification of a video tape recorder at the frame specifying side; Figure 14 is a block diagram of the video tape recorder shown in Fig. 1 3; Figure 15 is a block diagram of another modification of a video tape recorder at the frame specifying side; Figure 16 shows another modification of frame specifying method; Figure 17 is a view illustrating another modification of the filtering device; Figures 1SA, 18B and 18C are views illustrating other shapes of the aperture diaphragm of the camera; Figure 19 is a block diagram illustrating a modification of the first embodiment;; Figure 20 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 21 is a block diagram of a modification of the second embodiment.

The first embodiment of a photography apparatus for television picture in accordance with the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The electronic structure of this embodiment will first be described referring to the block diagram shown in Fig. 1. a video signal from a video tape recorder 10 (to be referred to as a VTR for brevity hereinafter) is supplied to a frame memory 1 2 which has a capacity of one frame picture. The frame memory 1 2 preferably is a digital type solid state memory which A/D converts the video signal by sampling it at 3 or 4 X fsc MHz during the storing operation and D/A converts it during the readout operation. An analog type magnetic disc memory or a frame synchronizer with a freezing mechanism may alternatively be used.The video output terminal of the VTR 10 is also connected to a first movable contact 1 6 of a switch 14. A U-matic VTR of 3/4 inch or 1 inch tape width for commercial use is used for the VTR 10. The playback output signal of the first channel CH-1 of the audio track of the 3/4 inch tape is supplied to a holding signal generator 20 through a signal detector 1 8. The output terminal of a frame specifying section 22 is connected to the signal detector 1 8. The output terminal of the holding signal generator 20 is connected to a holding terminal of the frame memory 1 2. The output terminal of the frame memory 1 2 is connected to a first movable contact 26 of a switch 24.The output terminal of a test signal generator 28 is connected to a second movable contact 30 of the switch 24. The test signal is preferably a color bar ten step signal or a dotted pattern signal, etc. A stationary contact 32 of the switch 24 is connected to the input terminal of an NTSC decoder 34, a second movable contact 36 of the switch 14 and a first movable contact 40 of a switch 38. A stationary contact 42 of the switch 14 is connected to a color monitor 44. The NTSC decoder 34 Y/C separates the color television signal and further separates the primary color signals R (red, G (green) and B (blue). The four output terminals of the NTSC decoder 34 giving the three primary color signals R, G and B and the luminance signal are, respectively, connected to the first through fourth movable contacts 48, 50, 52 and 54 of a switch 46.A stationary contact 56 of the switch 46 is connected to a monochrome monitor 58 and a second movable contact 60 of the switch 38. The monochrome monitor 58 may be a conventional CRT or a flying spot scanner tube. A stationary contact 62 of the switch 38 is connected to a waveform monitor 64. A still camera 66 is disposed in front of the screen of the monochrome monitor 58. The still camera 66 like a viewfinder camera includes a lens 68, an aperture diaphragm 70, a bddy 72 and a camera back 74. This camera has multiexposure capability. The aperture diaphragm 70 can be inserted from the outside and has a special shape as shown in Fig. 2. A focusing glass, a roll film holder, an instant film holder of the camera back 74 are replaceable. The camera also has a motor drive mechanism (not shown. The lens 68 is multilayer coated. A filter device 76 is disposed in front of the lens 68, which will be described in detail hereinafter. The operation of the filter device 76 is synchronized with the changeover operation of the switch 46.

Fig. 3 is a side view illustrating an embodiment shown in Fig. 1. The apparatus is divided into an upper part and a lower part. The upper part includes photography system equipment; the lower part includes equipment for an electrical system. The darkness of the shadowed part of the images on the monochrome monitor 58 corresponds to the ambient brightness. The black and white contrast on the monochrome monitor at normal room brightness is approximately 1:30. As for color film, they express a contrast of over 1:300, thus they require a greater contrast on the monochrome monitor. Further, when image signals are recorded digitally at the frame memory 12, that is, by A/D conversion with 8-9 bits, the gradation of the image signals is much improved over that on the monitor.

Therefore, the monochrome monitor 58 is placed inside a black box 78 which has a black, non-reflective inside surface. As a result, the contrast on the monitor becomes over 1:50. The lens 68 of the camera 66 faces the monochrome monitor 58 through an opening in a wall of the black box 78. The black box 78 has observation windows 80 and 82 through which the monochrome monitor 58 is viewed. The color monitor 44, the waveform monitor 64 and an operation panel 84 having the frame specifying section 22 is disposed on the side wall of the lower part of the apparatus. Other circuiting parts are disposed inside the lower part of the apparatus.

The reproducing part of the VTR 10 will be described with reference to Fig. 4. A video tape 86 is wound around a rotary video head 88. An erasing head 90 contacts the tape before the tape contacts the video head 88 in the path of tape travel. Next to the video head 88 a detecting head 94 and an audio head 92 in contact with the first channel and the second channel, respectively, of the audio track of the video tape 86. The detecting head 94 is disposed 1.59 mm before the audio head 92 in the path of tape travel. The speed of tape travel of the 3/4 inch U-matic VTR is 95.3 mm/sec. The image of 1 field is recorded and reproduced in 1/60 second.

Thus 1.59 mm of the tape travel is required for recording and reproducing the image of 1 field. Accordingly, the detecting head 94 is at the position of the audio track corresponding to the field immediately preceding the field to be reproduced by the audio head 92.

The monochrome monitor 58 must have a light-emitting energy distribution which is capable of multi-exposing an image of three primary colors for color photography. Therefore, a P4 phosphorescent body is painted inside the screen of the monitor 58 which has the light-emitting energy distribution shown in Fig. 5. The P4 phosphorescent body is a mixture of ZnS, Ag + (Zn, Cd) S, and Ag, and the emitted light is white in color. The outside of the front glass 96 of the monochrome monitor 58 is multi-layer coated, as shown by its sectional view in Fig. 6. Since the thickness of the front glass is about 1 cm, where the front glass is not multi-layer coated, the light emitted by the electrons irradiated on the phosphorescent paint 98 is reflected toward the inside of the glass at the outside of the front glass due to the difference between the refractive indexes of air and glass.Consequently, the front glass is coated in a multilayered form so that the refractive index gradually changes from that of glass to that of air from the outside of the front glass. With this construction, the television picture can be photographed without degradation in gradation.

The primary object of this embodiment is to take a color photograph based on the three primary color signals obtained from the NTSC decoder 34. Since three images are multiexposed on film, filters of three colors (red, green and blue) are required. Wratten filters No. 25(R), No. 58(G) and No. 47B(B) manufactured by Kodak having the transmissivity characteristics shown in Fig. 7 are used here.

The color temperature of the phosphorescent body of the monochrome monitor 58 is over 9,000"K. Thus, where the color film for daylight is used, although it is not shown, a color temperature conversion filter must be used in photographing. These filters are in a rotary arrangement as shown in Fig. 8. A disc 106 has four openings, and the center of this disc 106 is mounted on the shaft of a motor 108.

Three primary color (R, G and B) filters 110,, 11 2 and 114 as described above are disposed on the three openings of the disc 106.

Three primary color (R, G and B) filters 110, 112 and 114 as described above are disposed on the three openings of the disc 1 06.

sponding to each opening. Small holes are formed at both sides of each opening. Two light-emitting elements 1 20 and 1 22 and two light-receiving elements 1 24 and 1 26 are disposed on both sides of the disc 106 for detecting the U-shaped notches and small holes. The light-receiving element 1 26 has two light-receiving portions and these detect the small holes at both sides of the U-shaped notches.

The details of the operation panel 84 are shown in Fig. 9. On this panel are disposed change-over buttons for switching between automatic and manual modes in specifying a frame to be photographed; frame specifying buttons for time code mode and tone signal mode; a frame number specifying dial in the automatic mode; a button for setting whether one frame or one field is used for reading out the information stored in the frame memory 12; change-over buttons for switches 14, 24, 38 and 46; a standy-by button for setting the conditions under which a photograph may be taken; a change-over button for switching between the manual and automatic modes in photographing; a photography mode setting button in the automatic mode to be described later, and so on.

The operation of this embodiment will now be described for taking a color photograph of a television picture. The specification of a desired frame of the television picture by the client will first be described. The video tape recorder for recording the television picture is the same type as the video tape recorder 10 used in the photography apparatus. Description will given to the case where a 3/4" Umatic VTR is used. A variable low frequency generator is disposed and the signal generated from this is recorded as a frame specifying signal in the first channel of the audio track of the video tape. In the case of the Umatic VTR, the audio signal is recorded in the second channel and the first channel is available for this purpose. The client makes both a normal speed and a still frame playback, and determines the frame to be used for plate making.Then, a photograph of the still frame playback is taken by an instant camera. The value of the tape counter at this moment is also noted. This counting is initiated with the beginning of the tape winding operation. The still frame playback is interrupted and changed over to normal speed playback. An oscillator is activated to record the frame specifying signal of a predetermined frequency in the first channel of the audio track.

The frame specifying signal is recorded in the field next to the one which was in contact with the video head when the VTR was changed over from still frame playback to normal speed playback.

The operating time of the oscillator, that is, the recording time of the specifying signal need only be enough for the holding signal generator 20 shown in Fig. 1 to detect this signal. The maximum length of it is the length which would not overlap with the next frame to be printed. It is set to be about 1/60 second here. However, when this does not overlap with the next frame, and when continuous frames are specified, it is hard to separate and detect these frame specifying signals.

For example in photographing moving subjects such as a flower arrangement, or people engaging in sports, the movement of the subject is sometimes "selected", depending on the movement. In this case, 30 frames of the image per second are obtained for the television image. Thus, it is advantageous that a required image may be selected from more images than in the case when a 35 mm motor drive camera is used. The selected frame is numbered and the oscillating frequency is changed according to the number. As an example, a frame specifying signal of 400 Hz is designated for the first frame image, and the frequency is increased by 50 Hz for each signal. Further, if the client sets the number of the frame by a rotary switch or the like, the oscillation frequency of the oscillator is changed.

The video tape with the recorded frame specifying signal, and an order form with the photograph of the specified frame image, the number of the frame and value of the tape counter are supplied to a plate maker. The manner according to which the plate maker takes a color photograph for plate making with the photography apparatus whon in Fig.

1 will be described. The tape is mounted in the VTR 10, a desired frame number is set at the frame specifying section 22 and the VTR 10 starts normal speed playback. When the frame number is set by the frame specifying section 22, a band-pass frequency of the signal detector 1 8 is varied according to the frame number. The central band-pass frequency of the signal detector 1 8 is equal to the oscillating frequency of the oscillator of the client side. In the normal speed playback mode, the switch 14 is at the first position where the VTR 10 is connected to the color monitor 44. The playback picture is projected on the monitor 44.The first channel output signal of the audio track of the VTR 10 is supplied to the holding signal generator 20 through the signal detector 1 8. Thus, only the signals of the specified frames of the frequency corresponding to the specified number are detected by the holding signal generator 20. The timing is such that the time when the frame specifying signal is detected corresponds to the time when the frame image next to the frame image specified by the client is reproduced. However, since the detecting head 94 is disposed one field prior to the audio head 92, the specified signal is detected when the frame image specified by the cleint is reproduced.When this frame specifying signal is detected by the holding signal generator 20, the holding signal is supplied to the frame memory 12, and this one frame image signal is stored in the memory 1 2.

Since the signal detector 1 8 is included, the desired frame image alone can be obtained with precision even when continuous frames are selected.

The VTR 10 is capable of still frame playback. However, this still frame is a field image. Since the television picture image is a frame image obtained by interlacing of two field images, this stationary image of the VTR 10 is not suitable for photographing. Therefore, the image signal of one frame (two fields) is once stored in the frame memory 12, and the readout signal from this is used for photographing. The switch 24 is changed over to the first position, and the frame memory 1 2 is connected to the NTSC decoder 34.

The frame memory 1 2 supplies 30 still frame images to the NTSC decoder 34 per second.

The output signal from the memory 1 2 is supplied to the waveform monitor 64 by changing-over the switch 38 to the first position for monitoring the signal waveforms and also is supplied to the color monitor 44 by changing-over the switch 14 to the second position for monitoring the stationary frame image. Correction is made by the NTSC decoder 34 when required, and the output signal of the NTSC decoder 34 is supplied to the waveform monitor 64 by changing-over the switch 38 to the second position for observation of the separated signals R, G, B and Y.

Each output signal of the NTSC decoder 34 is supplied to the monochrome monitor 58 through the switch 46, and the image projection on the monochrome monitor 58 is photographed. Thus, the dots of the three color phosphorescent body are not projected, and the resolution is not degraded unlike in the case when the color monitor is used. Since the monochrome monitor 58 is in the black box 78, the black and white contrast is set to have sufficient gradation. However, it is preferable to set the contrast suitable for photographing before taking a photograph. The switch 24 is changed over to the second position, and the output signal (10 step signal) from the test signal generator 28 is supplied to the monbchrome monitor 58.The brightness of the black portion of 0% brightness and the white portion of 100% brightness on the monochrome monitor 58 is measured by a spot meter through the observation windows 80 and 82 of the black box 78 for setting the predetermined brightness and contrast of the monochrome monitor 58 with respect to the 10 step signal. In focusing with a camera, the dot pattern signal is generated from the test signal generator 28 and is projected on the monochrome monitor 58.

The image on the monochrome monitor 58 is constituted by scanning lines running transversely of the screen, as in the case of a usual television receiver. Thus, in general, the space between the scanning lines has no signal and is black. The black portion is clearly appeared in the photograph. In order to prevent this, the vertical energy distribution of the screen is widened by one scanning line and overlapped with the adjacent scanning lines; the part without a signal is thus eliminated. For overlapping the scanning lines, a photograph is taken slightly out of focus. However, when the focusing is incorrect, the resolving power is degraded. Thus, the de-focusing must be made only to the degree that the resolving power is not significantly degraded. This range is determined in the following manner.

When a 35 mm film is used, the film size is 24 mm in length and 36 mm width. Since the ratio of the width to the length of the screen of the monochrome monitor 58 is actually 3:4, the horizontal film length of one frame image is 32 mm. Since the vertical direction is constituted by 525 scanning lines, the resolving power in the horizontal direction is 700 scanning lines for a length of 32 mm (525 . 24 X 32 =. 700). For overlapping the scanning lines without degrading the resolving power, de-focusing is made only in the vertical direction and not in the horizontal direction. Since the width of the focus in the horizontal direction is 50 pm (= 32 mm/700), that in the vertical direction is set about 100-150 ym. For this purpose, the shape of the aperture diaphragm is vertically elongated as shown in Fig. 2.In general, the value of the aperture diaphragm becomes larger as the area of the opening of the aperture becomes smaller. The depth of field becomes longer as the value of the aperture becomes larger. For example, when a Linhof Technica 4" X 5" camera with a lens Apo Nikkor of f : 180 mm and a maximum aperture of F = 9 are used, the shape of the aperture diaphgram is rectangular: 20 mm in length and 4 mm in width. The F number in the vertical direction of the screen corresponds to F = 9 and that in the transverse direction corresponds to F = 45. The F number for determining the actual exposure is F = 24 according to the area of the aperture diaphragm. The scanning lines can be eliminated for photographing by changing the depth of field in the vertical and horizontal directions.In this condition, the focusing is within the depth of field in the horizontal direction, but it can be out of the depth of field in the vertical direction so that the blurring of the image is unnoticeable. The energy distribution on the film by the rectangular aperture diaphragm becomes relatively sharp as shown in Fig. 1 OA. Accordingly, the scanning lines must be widely overlapped to eliminate their appearance on the film. The distance of the film in the vertical direction is plotted along the abscissa in Fig. 1 OA. However, the energy distribution with a vertically elongated aperture diaphragm having a central narrowed portion as shown in Fig. 2 becomes as shown in Fig. 1 OB. As a result, the same effect can be obtained with about 1/3 of the overlap, that is, the de-focusing as compared with using a rectangular aperture diaphragm.The dimensions of the aperture diaphragm shown in Fig. 2 are 20 mm in length and 8 mm in width, with a 4 mm width at the central narrowed area. This corresponds to the F number of F = 9 in the horizontal direction, F = 22 in the transverse direction, and F = 45 in the horizontal direction at the central part. The camera may be de-focused either before or behind the true focal point. However, experiments have shown that better results are obtained by focusing behind the subject.

For taking a color photograph using a monochrome monitor 58, three primary color signals are projected on the monochrome monitor 58 and each image is made to pass through a color filter for multi-exposure on a film. The deflection angle of the monochrome monitor 58 is, in general, as wide as 90-114,, and the phosphorescent face is curved so that the brightness of the phosphorescent face is not uniform. Thus, the range to be photographed by a camera is the central part alone and not the entire phosphorescent face as shown by the oblique lines in Fig. 11.

When a 14 inch type CRT is used, for exam ple, the maximum range on the screen in which the brightness is noticeably uniform for taking a photograph is about 1 50 mm X 200 mm. Further, the focusing can be made convenient by making the screen smaller. The filter device 76 is, as shown in Fig. 1, synchronized with the change-over of tne switch 46 at the output side of the NTSC decoder 34. The photograph can thus be taken either in the manual or in the automatic mode. In the manual mode, the filter device 76 and the switch 46 are not synchronized and can be set arbitrarily. In general, the manual mode is utilized for photographic confirmation or test photography with an instant camera.In accordance with this embodiment, three kinds of photography are possible: three-color synthesized color photography with three primary color signals; monochrome photography by a luminance signal; and monochrome photogra phy using three primary color signals and a luminance signal for making four color separation plate. The procedure of taking a photograph in the automatic mode will be described hereinafter.

First the operation of the three-color combined color photography will be described.

After the brightness setting of the monochrome monitor 58 and the adjustments.for photography are completed, the stand-by button on the operation panel is depressed; and the switch 46 and the filter device 76 in the manual mode are set in a predetermined position. That is, the switch 46 is connected to the fourth position for supplying the lumi nance signal of the NTSC decoder 34 to the monochrome monitor 58, the motor 108 of the filter device 76 is rotated, and an opening with no filter among the openings of the disc 106 is set to be in front of the camera lens. If the shutter is open, it is made to close.When the color photography button is depressed, the motor 108 of the filter device 76 rotates, the red color filter 110 moves into position in front of the lens, the switch 46 is connected to the first portion and the red color output signal from the NTSC decoder 34 is supplied to the monochrome monitor 58. The rotation of the motor 108 is controlled by a mechanism according to which the light emitted from the light-emitting element 1 20 is received by the light-receiving element 1 24 through the U-shaped notches of the disc 106. Whether or not required filter is used is detected by the existence of small holes at both sides of the U-shaped notch.For example, if two beams of light from the lightemitting element 1 22 are not received by the light-receiving element 126, it is judged that the disc opening with no filter is in front of the lens. The shutter of the camera body 72 then opens, and the color film is exposed by the red color signal. The exposure of the camera 72 is automatically controlled. When the shutter closes, the switch 46 is changedover to the second position, and the green color output signal of the NTSC decoder 34 is supplied to the monochrome monitor 58. The filter device 76 is so set that the green color filter 11 2 is in front of the lens. The shutter operates again and the film is multi-exposed over the red image by the green color signal.

The film is also multi-exposed thereover to the blue image in a similar manner. A photograph is thus taken and the film is automatically wound. For taking another photograph continuously, the next image is stored in the frame memory 12, the still frame image is read out from the frame memory 1 2. The image on the monochrome monitor 58 is confirmed through the window 80, if necessary, the luminance signal is supplied to the monochrome monitor 58, the filter device 76 is made to be without filters, focusing and test photography are performed. The stand-by button is depressed, tha automatic photography button is depressed and a photograph is taken in the similar manner as described above.

The manner according to which a monochrome photograph is taken with the luminance signal will be described hereinafter.

Instead of a roll of color film, a roll of blackand-white film is mounted in a camera. The monochrome button is depressed after the camera is placed in the stand-by condition.

The filter device 76 is in the condition in which the opening with no filter is in front of the camera lens. The switch 46 is connected to the fourth position, the luminance output signal of the NTSC decoder 34 is supplied to the monochrome monitor 58, and an image is exposed on the black-and-white film with the luminance signal. After the photograph is taken, the film is automatically wound.

The manner according to which four-color separation photography using black-and-white film for making four-color separation plates for color printing will be described hereinafter.

Similarly as in the case of color photography, the camera is set in the stand-by condition and the button for monochrome separation photography is depressed. Then the red primary color signal is supplied from the NTSC decoder 34 to the monochrome monitor 58 so as to expose the black-and-white film to a red color image. The image corresponds to a C (cyan) plate for color printing. Unlike the case of color photography, after the image of one color is taken, one frame of the film is automatically wound. The other two primary color G, B images are photographed in a similar manner. The images correspond to the M (magenta) and Y (yellow) plates. The image with the luminance signal is also photographed and corresponds to the BK (black) plate.

Thus, in this embodiment, color photography of color television signals, monochrome photography, and four-color separation photography in black-and-white can be automatically accomplished. For color printing a television picture, the color photograph is fed to a color scanner for color separation to obtain separation plates of four colors, or a monochrome photograph resolved into four colors can be used.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and modifications of each part will hereinafter be described referring to the attached drawings.

In the above embodiment, a low frequency was recorded as the detecting signal for frame specifying. However, pulses may be recorded instead. For this purpose, the VTR at the client side has a pulse generator for generating pulses of over 1 /60 second in pulse width. When a certain still frame image is selected and converted from still frame playback to normal speed playback, a pulse is recorded in the first channel of the audio track of the video tape. Reproducing a video tape with a pulse recorded in this manner requires a VTR to which a detecting part as shown in Fig. 1 2 is connected. The output signal provided from the first channel of the audio track of the VTR 1 0 is supplied to a count circuit 1 32 through a waveform-shaping circuit 1 30.

The count circuit 1 32 counts down from an intial value set by the frame specifying section 22. An output pulse is generated from the count circuit 1 32 when the counted value is 0. The output pulse of this count circuit 1 32 is supplied to the frame memory 1 2 as a holding signal, and at this moment one frame image is stored in the memory 12. The pulse recorded in the first channel does not include the information about the number of the specified frame. Thus, a frame specification from the client includes numbers in a specified order. The initial values of the counter 1 32 are set at the frame specifying section 22 according to these numbers.Further, a low frequency signal of about 1,000 Hz may be recorded for a certain period of time in the audio track of the video tape. In this case, the playback output signal is supplied to the waveform-shaping circuit 1 30 shown in Fig. 1 2 through a low frequency signal detecting circuit. Thus, the low frequency signal can be supplied to the count circuit 132 converted as a pulse signal.

Since the detecting signal is recorded in a position of the audio track one field next to the specified frame image, the detecting head 94 of the VTR 10 is disposed forward in the direction of tape travel from the audio head 92 a length corresponding to the period of time required for the recording and playback of one field image in the above embodiment.

If the position of the autio head of the VTR at the client side may be disposed 1.59 mm (the distance of the tape travels in recording and reproducing one field) back from the normal position, the normal audio head may be used as the detecting head in the print maker side.

In the specifying methods described, above, the client cannot reconfirm the frame images he specified. A detecting head may be in clouded in the VTR at the client side for this purpose. Since the client records the detecting signal in the field next to the specified frame, the detecting head is disposed 1.59 mm before the audio head, a distance corresponding to one field. In case the detecting head cannot be disposed in the vicinity of the audio head, the detecting head 94 may be disposed in the vicinity of the erasing head 90 as shown in Fig. 1 3. Fig. 1 3 is a schematic view illustrating part of the head of the VRT in the client side, and the same parts are indicated by the same numerals as in Fig. 4.In cases when the detecting head 94 is disposed in front of the normal position with respect to time, the detecting timing must be delayed so as to produce a correct timing for interrupting tape travel. The circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 14. The playback output signal of the audio track of the VTR 1 34 of the client is detected by a signal detecting circuit 1 36.

The detected signal triggers a stop signal generator 140 through a delay circuit 1 38 so as to interrupt the tape travel of the VTR 1 34 after the predetermined delay from the detecting timing. The delay time of the delay circuit 1 38 is the value obtained by the subtraction of the time period from the timer of general tion of the stop signal to that of stop of the tape travel, from the time period required for the tape to travel from the detecting head 94 to the audio head 92. After the specified frame image is thus reconfirmed, it is projected on a color monitor 142. The client takes a photograph of this with an instant camera 144. This facilitates the precise specification of frames.

The use of a delay circuit may be applied to the VTR at the print maker side. For example, in the case of a 3/4 inch U-matic VTR of 95.3 mm/sec tape speed, the delay time is the value obtained by the subtraction of 1/60 second from the time period required for the tape travel from the detecting head 94 to the audio head 92.

Another method for specifying the frame will be described hereinafter. In the example described above, the detecting signal recorded on the tape is recorded in the position corresponding to the frame next to the specified frame. However, the detecting signal may be recorded again at a position one field prior to the field in which the client recorded the detecting signal. For this purpose, as shown in Fig. 15, the output signal of the delay circuit 1 38 is supplied to a frame specifying signal generator 146, and the frame specifying signal from this is supplied to the audio head 92. The detecting signal already recorded is detected by the detecting head 94 and the frame specifying signal is newly recorded by the audio head 92 at the position one field prior to the position it was initially recorded.The specified frame image may be easily photographed at the print maker side without using a VTR of special construction.

The frame specifying signal need not be a low frequency signal or pulse signal, it thus may be a high frequency signal of over 10 KHz. When signals are recorded in both the first and second channels of the audio track, a signal of a frequency other than audible band is superposed. The track in which the frame specifying signal is to be recorded need not be the audio track and thus may be the control track, the V blanking area of the video, or a cue track. For example, in recording in the control track, since rectangular wave signal of 29.97 Hz is already recorded in the control track, a signal of a frequency which may be separated by a filter or the like must be superposed.

Another modification will be described in which a frame specifying signal is recorded during the vertical blanking period of a video signal. VTRs of the latest models, including not only a 1 inch VTR for a bhoadcasting station but a 3/4 inch U-matic VTR, can effect "insert". Namely, they can record again new signals on a video tape at predetermined positions. To achieve "insert", a VTR must have an erase head as well as a recordingreproducing head. New video signals have to be recorded so that they may be synchronous with those already recorded on the tape.

Usually the vertical blanking period of a one-field video signal is 20H. Vertical syn chronization is accomplished during the first 9H-period. A frame specifying signal may be recorded during the rest of the 20H-period.

The conventional VTR uses a time code signal as a frame specifying signal. If a VITC signal is a frame specifying signal, it is recorded between 12th H and 14th H. A VITS signal is recorded between 17th H and 19th H. Therefore, a frame specifying signal will not affect the VITC signal or the VITS signal if it is recorded on the same tape between 1 5th H and 16th H.

That is, according to this invention a client specifies the frame he desired, using a VTR which can effect "insert" and which can reproduce a still picture. Such a method of specifying a desired frame will be described with reference to Fig. 1 6. As shown in Fig.

16, a frame specifying signal generator 200 has its output coupled to the video signal input terminal of a VTR 202. An insert signal generator 204 has its output coupled to the remote control terminal of the VTR 202. The video signal output terminal of the VTR 202 is connected to a color monitor 206. The client reproduces a still picture of the desired frame on the color monitor 206. At this time the video tape travel is stopped in the VTR 202. But the rotating head of the VTR 202 is rotating in normal way and thus tracking one track of the tape. When an insert button (not shown) is pushed down, the insert signal generator 204 generates an insert signal. The insert signal is supplied to the remote control terminal of the VTR 202, whereby it becomes possible to record new signals during the 1 5H-1 6H period of a vertical blanking period.At the same time, the frame specifying signal generator 200 generates a frame specifying signal. The frame specifying signal is supplied to the VTR 202 and is then recorded during the 15H-16H period. The video tape on which the frame specifying signal is recorded is handed from the client to the print plate maker. The client produces a photo of the frame image reproduced on the color monitor 206, by using an instant camera 208. He also reads the count of the tape counter of the VTR 202. He gives the photo to the print plate maker and informs the print plate maker of the count of the tape counter.

If the client wishes to have print plates of two or more frames, he repeats the above-mentioned series of operations.

The print plate maker uses the same photography apparatus as illustrated in Fig. 1. If a gray signal is used as a frame specifying signal, the signal detector 1 8 of the apparatus is constituted by a gate circuit which conducts only during the 15H-16H period and a DC detector which detects the DC component of the output signal of the gate circuit, and a presettable counter. The frame specifying signal may be, as mentioned above, a signal e.g.

about 500 KHz or a signal corresponding to the serial number of the frame specified. If such a signal is used as a frame specifying signal, it is sufficient to modify the signal detector 18 so as to detect the signal.

The embodiment described with reference to Fig. 16 is advantageous since a frame specifying signal, which has been recorded during the vertical blanking period of a video signal, does not affect in whatever way the image reproduced by the VTR or other signals used in the VTR.

Another modification of the color filter device 76 is shown in Fig. 1 7. In this modified example, three color filters 110, 11 2 and 114 and an opening without a filter are arranged in a row on a plate 148. This plate 148 is automatically displaced as in the embodiment described above, and a desired color filter is set in front of the camera lens by a motor, etc. Each color filter is recognized by the U-shaped notches formed on one end of the plate and the small holes formed at their sides.

The shape of the aperture diaphragm for eliminating the scanning lines on the monochrome monitor 58 is not limited to the example shown in Fig. 2 and may take forms as shown in Figs. 18A, 1 8B and 18C.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the NTSC decoder 34 is disposed after the frame memory 1 2. However, as shown in Fig. 19, the NTSC decoder 34 may be disposed before frame memories 12-1, 12-2 and 12-3.

Since the three primary color signals are obtained by the NTSC decoder 34, frame memories 12-1, 12-2 and 12-3 must be provided for each primary color signal. Output signals are supplied to the second movable contact 36 of the switch 14 through an OR gate 147.

The luminance signal is synthesized by supplying the three primary color signals to a matrix circuit 149. Each of the output signals from the frame memories 12-1, 12-2 and 1 2-3 and the matrix circuit 149, as in the first embodiment, are supplied to a monochrome monitor 58 through a switch 46.

A second embodiment of the present invention will now be described hereinafter. This second embodiment is applicable for taking a photograph of a television picture and for making a printing plate from its television signal by driving an exposing head of an electronic color scanner. The plate can be made without taking a photograph of the television picture, and the resolving power of the plate is not degraded. Further, since photography of the same television picture is possible, the original of the color film may also be made for later use. Fig. 20 is a block diagram of the second embodiment and the same numerals denote the same parts as in Fig. 1. The video output signal of a VTR 10 is supplied to a frame memory 1 2 and a first movable contact 151 of a switch 149.A fixed contact 1 53 of the switch 149 is connected to the color monitor 44. A frame specifying circuit 1 50 as described above is connected to the frame memory1 2 and the VTR 10 for frame specification. The output signal of the frame memory 1 2 is supplied to a second movable contact 1 55 of the switch 1 49 and an NTSC decoder 34, and the four output signals of the NTSC decoder 34 are supplied to a color computer circuit 1 52 and a switching circuit 1 54. The color computer circuit 1 52 effects color correction, and the output of the color computer circuit 1 52 is supplied to an exposure head 156.A cylinder 158 on which are wound four black-and-white films (each corresponds to yellow, magenta, cyan and black printing plate) to be exposed is disposed before the exposure head 1 56. A drive control circuit 1 60 is connected to the exposure head 1 56 and the cylinder 1 58. The exposure head 1 56 is thereby displaced in the axial direction of the cylinder 158, and the cylinder 1 58 rotates about the axis.

The output signal of the switching circuit 1 54 is supplied to the monochrome monitor 58. A synchronizing circuit 1 62 is disposed and constructed to be locked by the output from the drive control circuit 1 60. The synchronizing circuit 1 62 controls the reading out operation of the frame memory 12, the operations of the color computer circuit 152, and an exposure control circuit 1 64 of a camera 66. The exposure control circuit 1 64 produces a change-over signal to the switching circuit 1 54 and a filter device 76.

The operation of this embodiment will be described hereinafter. The television picture signal of the specified frame is stored in the frame memory 1 2 as in the case of the first embodiment. The playback speed of the VTR 10 is 1 /30 second for one frame. Since the rotational speed of the cylinder 1 58 of the electronic color scanner is 10 revolutions per second, the readout speed from the frame memory 1 2 must be changed so as to correspond to the rotational speed of the cylinder.

Since the cylinder exposes 10 scanning lines per second, if one scanning line of the television picture image corresponds to one scanning line of the exposure head 1.56, it takes 52.5 seconds to expose 525 scanning lines.

Thus, the frame memory 1 2 reads out the information stored at the speed of 1/30 second in 52.5 seconds. The exposure head 1 56 light-modulates the light emitted from a light source according to the three primary color signals obtained by the NTSC decoder 34 and exposes monochrome film on the cylinder 1 58. Separation plates of yellow, magenta, cyan and black are thus obtained. If the exposure head 1 56 is moved 500 lines/inch and the ratio of the 525 scanning lines of the television picture image and the moving speed of the exposure head 1 56 is 1:1, the size of the separation plates is each 26.7 mm X 35.6 mm.Thus, for enlarging the dimensions of each separation plate to ten times the original dimensions, it sufficies that 10 scanning lines of the exposure head 1 56 correspond to one scanning line of the television picture. A photograph is taken in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Four separation plates of the frame image stored in the frame memory are obtained and a color photograph corresponding to the frame image is obtained. The NTSC decoder 34 may be disposed before the frame memory 1 2. In this case, three frame memories for each primary color must be provided as shown in Fig. 1 9.

The above-described second embodiment may be modified as illustrated in Fig. 21. The apparatus shown in Fig. 21 uses a noise reduction frame memory 1 70 in place of the frame memory 1 2 shown in Fig. 20. The memory 1 70 can store two frames at a time, i.e. video signals in the form of digital codes.

It compares two frames stored in it. Noise signals, if generated during the frame comparison, are cancelled, whereby the S/N ratio of the video signals is reduced by 10 to 1 5 dB.

This point works well particularly when use is made of narrow video tapes, e.g. 1/2 inch tapes and 3/4 inch tapes.

To the noise reduction frame memory 1 70 there is connected a floppy disc unit 1 72. The video signals of digital codes stored in the memory 1 70 may be transferred to the floppy disc unit 1 72 which functions as an external memory device. Thus the frames specified by the clients may be recorded on floppy discs.

In case the client asks the print plate maker to make the same plates again that the client once asked for, the floppy disc recording the desired frames is fed into the unit 1 72. Then, the necessary signals are read from the floppy disc, and the same plates can be reproduced.

An 8 inch floppy disc can record 1212 KB on both sides. To record signals on a floppy disc, MFM method, NRZI method or the like may be employed. To correct erroneous data recorded, CRC signals or parity check signals are used. 358 KB are necessary to record a oneframe image if a one-frame image undergoes A-D conversion using sampling frequency of 10.7 MHz (3xfJ. The horizontal and vertical blanking periods being removed, only 289 KB are sufficient for recording a one-frame image.

Thus, an 8 inch floppy disc can record two frame images on one side.

In the embodiment of Fig. 21 the output video signals of the VTR 10 may be field image signals, not frame image signals. If this is the case, the noise reduction frame memory 1 70 can store four field images at a time, the signals forming the four field images having their noise components reduced. If signals are read out of the memory 1 70 at the same speed as signals are written into the floppy disc unit 172, it is possible to write signals into the floppy disc unit 1 72 even while a print plate is being made. Otherwise, signals may be written into the floppy disc unit 1 72 before or after making a print plate. Usually signals are written into the unit 1 72 within tens of seconds.Thus there occurs no practical time loss if the plate making and the signal writing are not carried out at the same time.

If the client has a noise reduction frame memory and a floppy disc unit, too, he may give the print plate maker a floppy disc on which the data of a desired frame or frames are recorded, instead of giving color films tot the print plate maker. The noise reduction frame memory 1 70 may be replaced by an ordinary frame memory 1 2. If a frame memory 1 2 is used, digital signals representing an image and being stored in the memory 1 2 may of course be transferred to a floppy disc which is fed in the floppy disc unit 1 72.

Although the above description has been made with respect to frame sequential exposure of one color after another, each scanning line may be read out for a line sequential exposure of 3 x 525 = 1,575 times instead of reading the image signal of one frame from the frame memory 1 2.

Furthermore, if the PAL system or the SE CAM system is used instead of the NTSC system in the color television system, the wiring of the decoder and other parts maybe modified for adaptation of the system.

Claims (22)

1. A photography apparatus for television picture, comprising: video tape playback means capable of detecting a frame specifying signal recorded on a video tape at a position corresponding to a desired frame image while the video tape playback means is set to playback mode; sorting means connected to said video tape playback means for storing a frame image signal which said video playback means produces upon detecting said frame specifying signal; decoding means connected to said storing means for decoding said frame image signal read out of said storing means into three primary color signals and a luminance signal; monochrome monitoring means of scanning type connected to said decoding means for converting an output signal of said decoding means into an image; and photographing means including a diaphgram having an aperture whose dimension in the direction perpendicular to scanning lines of said monitoring means is larger than its dimension in the direction parallel to the scanning lines of said monitoring means.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said video tape playback means includes a detecting head for detecting said frame specifying signal and an audio head disposed after the detecting head in the tape running direction in said video tape playback means.

3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said detecting head and said audio head are spaced by the distance for which the tape runs while said video tape playback means reproduce a one-frame image.

4. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an output signal of said detecting head is delivered through a delay circuit and is delayed by a period of time during which the tape tuns from said detecting head to said audio head.

5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said frame specifying signal is a signal of a frequency corresponding to said desired frame image, and said video tape playback means includes a signal detector of a pass band corresponding to said desired frame image.

6. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said frame specifying signal consists of a predetermined number of pulses, and said video tape playback means includes a pulse counter which produces an output signal upon counting said predetermined number of pulses.

7. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said frame specifying signal is recorded on the video tape during the vertical blanking period of said frame image signal.

8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said frame specifying signal is a gray signal, and said video tape playback means includes a gate circuit for delivering a signal during the vertical blanking period of said frame image signal and a direct current detector connected to the gate circuit.

9. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said frame specifying signal is a signal of a frequency corresponding to said desired frame image, and said video tape playback means includes a signal detector of a pass band corresponding to said desired frame image.

10. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of said diaphragm is rectangular.

11. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of said diaphragm is narrow at the central portion in the long side.

1 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said photographing means forms a multi-exposed color image on a single color film according to the three primary color signals supplied from said decoding means through color filters.

1 3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said photographing means forms a monochrome image on a monochrome film according to the luminance signal supplied from said decoding means.

14. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said photographing means provides yellow, magenta and cyan printing plate originals which correspond respectively to the three primary color signals and a black printing plate original which corresponds to the luminance signal.

1 5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said monochrome monitoring means is disposed within a black box.

16. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said monochrome monitoring means is provided with a screen which consists of layers of different refractive indexes ranging from that of glass to that of air.

17. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said photographing means forms an image only on the central portion of the screen.

1 8. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a test signal generator connected to said monochrome monitoring means for measuring the brightness and contrast of an image formed on the screen of said monochrome monitoring means.

1 9. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said storing means can store two frame image signals for reducing a noise according to a difference between two frame image signals.

20. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an electronic scanner including modulating means for nìodulating light emitted from a light source according to the primary color signals supplied from said decoding means and exposure means for exposing a plate making film to the output of said modulating means.

21. An apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, further comprising a floppy disc memory connected to said storing means and which stores the desired frame image signals.

22. A photography apparatus for television picture, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.