GB2068038A - Method and apparatus for producing underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for producing underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2068038A GB2068038A GB8101586A GB8101586A GB2068038A GB 2068038 A GB2068038 A GB 2068038A GB 8101586 A GB8101586 A GB 8101586A GB 8101586 A GB8101586 A GB 8101586A GB 2068038 A GB2068038 A GB 2068038A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- underpinning
- making
- foundations
- subsoil
- sealing diaphragms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009424 underpinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/06—Separating, lifting, removing of buildings; Making a new sub-structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
- E02D19/18—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by making use of sealing aprons, e.g. diaphragms made from bituminous or clay material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/48—Foundations inserted underneath existing buildings or constructions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
A method of making underpinning members (11, 12) or producing sealing diaphragms, in which a hardenable liquid material with or without a gaseous additive is injected under high pressure into the subsoil in the form of an intermittently compressed jet through an injection tube (2) provided at its lower end with a nozzle carrier (1) having nozzles (3). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method and apparatus for producing underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms
The invention relates to a method of making underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms by injecting one or more hardenable liquid substances into the subsoil under high pressure by means of injection apparatus to be inserted in the subsoil, as well as an apparatus for performing the method.
In such a method, the primary problem resides in creating a free space in the form of a gap or loosening of the ground for the substances to be set. One method is known (periodical 'Der
Bauingenieur', 1964, Page 250) in which, by sinking a nozzle tube, a cavity is sprayed clear under high pressure effect and the cavity is filled out with cement mortar as the tube is pulled up.
However, this method can be used only for particular soils because either the flushing does not lead to an appropriately extensive removal of the neighbouring ground formations or there is a danger that loose soil such as fluent sand slides back even during flushing or during casting. In addition, this method is not suitable for producing underpinning members.
If, on the other hand, the soil is only partially displaced, economical reasons make it necessary for the high pressure jet of the setting liquid substance to have a long reach. By the method known from DE-AS 21 24 385, an attempt is made to solve this problem in that, by means of an injection tube equipped with at least two coaxial nozzles extending at an angle to the tube axis, the setting substance or its components is injected under high pressure and a jet of compressed air is introduced in the soil through the outer annular nozzles. However, the coaxial nozzles that are used are technically complicated and subject to faults. In addition, it has been found in practice that the reach of this method is not markedly better than with a method using no compressed air.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of making underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms comprising injecting one or more hardenable liquid substances into the subsoil under high pressure by means of injection apparatus to be inserted in the subsoil, said liquid substance being injected in the form of ah intermittently compressed jet.
Surprisingly, it has been found that a longer reach is obtainable for the high pressure jet if the liquid substance is injected in the form of an intermittently compressed jet.
Tests have shown that an intermittently compressed high pressure jet of high speed can give a 50 to 100% better reach and produce optimum mixing with the adjacent material. The intermittent high pressure jet can be produced by a piston pump working without a pulsation damper or without a wind passage. However, it is also possible to provide a mechanical apparatus in front of the nozzles which feeds at least two outlet nozzles by the alternate opening and closing as a result of rotation of a slotted cylindrical control apparatus.
A further solution of the problem resides in that a compressed gaseous phase is fed to the liquid substance before leaving the injection apparatus.
It has been found that air contained in the high pressure jet of the set liquid substance produces the same economically desired increase in reach with technically satisfactory mixing with the available material of the subsoil because the air expanding after leaving the nozzle considerably assists disintegration of the structure of the available soil or of the accumulated debris.
According to the invention, the air is introduced into the stream of liquid substance leading to the outlet nozzle by means of a high pressure compressor or from a high pressure vessel.
From many kinds of subsoil, for example cohesive soil, inclusions of coarse components etc., a compressed gaseous phase is preferably added to the intermittently compressed liquid substance before leaving the injection apparatus.
The invention also provides an apparatus for performing the method of the invention with which, regardless of the ground formation, one can produce the desired underpinning member or sealing diaphragm.
According to the present invention in another aspect there is provided apparatus for use in carrying out the method of the invention comprising an injection tube provided at its lower end with a nozzle carrier having axial, radial and/or inclined nozzles.
The solution is based on the consideration that the method can be carried out all the better the closer one or more nozzles can be brought towards the soil layer that is to be sprayed loose.
If the nozzle carrier is turned during sinking of the injection tube and preferably also when being drawn out, the ground or subsoil becomes so impregnated after injection of the setting substance that, after setting, a compacting element is produced with dimensions which in all cases correspond to those of the nozzle carrier.
The underpinning member or sealing diaphragm is produced by repeating the method at required intervals.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to examples shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates an advantageous embodiment of a nozzle carrier for use in carrying out the method according to the present invention,
Figure 2 diagrammatically illustrates the production of an underpinning member, and
Figures 3a and 3b diagrammatically illustrate the production of an underpinning monolithic member formed by a plurality of columns produced by the method according to the present invention.
The embodiment of nozzle carrier 1 shown in
Figure 1 is of cruciform shape in side elevation and connected to an injection tube 2. Axial and radial nozzles 3 are provided on the horizontal portions.
Further, the lower outer corners of the horizontal portions are bevelled and have inclined nozzles 3.
A further nozzle 3 is provided axially in the lower vertical portion. By means of this nozzle carrier 1 one ensures that a, say, columnar member is also produced in very cohesive soil and will be sure to have a diameter corresponding to that of the nozzle carrier.
However, the form of the nozzle carrier is not restricted to that illustrated in Figure 1. For relatively loose soil, a columnar member of relatively large diameter has been achieved with a nozzle carrier of triangular shape connected to the injection tube at the middle of one limb. Nozzles are provided at suitable spacings from each other at the other limbs and at the apex opposite the point of attachment.
The diameter of the nozzles 3 is from 2 to 4 mm. The throughput amounts to 80 to 600 I/min. at a pressure of 100 to 300 bar. The jet speed under these conditions is between 100 to 1 50 m/s. The frequency of intermittent compressing is preferably between 0.2 and 2 Hz, the pressure difference desirably being at least 50 bar.
If a gaseous phase, preferably compressed air, is fed to the liquid substance, its pressure should be at least 50 bar but liquid air and liquid nitrogen are also suitable for this purpose.
For the injection, one preferably uses a selfhardening liquid substance on a cement basis which may have additives depending on requirements.
The production of an underpinning member will now be explained by way of example with reference to Figure 2 and Figures 3a and 3b.
From a working level A, a rotary boring apparatus B rotatingly sinks into the ground the nozzle carrier D which is mounted on the tube C.
At the same time, a pump unit E intermittently presses the injection medium at a high pressure by way of the high pressure rotary head F through the tube C and the nozzles 3 into the soil. In situ, one obtains an intimate and energy-rich mixture of the soil with the injection medium from which a column of the underpinning member results after regulatable hardening.
By repeating the procedure, one obtains the columns 11 to 13 shown in cross-section, which together form a monolithic member.
The shape of the members for the underpinning of buildings depends on the purpose and the required static evidence of stability. Two typical examples are shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
Claims (6)
1. A method of making underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms comprising injecting one or more hardenable liquid substances into the subsoil under high pressure by means of injection apparatus to be inserted in the subsoil, said liquid substance being injected in the form of an intermittently compressed jet.
2. A method of making underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms comprising injecting one or more hardenable liquid substances into the subsoil under high pressure by means of injection apparatus to be inserted in the subsoil, a compressed gaseous phase being fed to the liquid substance before leaving the injection apparatus.
3. A method according to claim 1, in which a compressed gaseous phase is fed to the intermittently compressed liquid substance before leaving the injection apparatus.
4. A method of making underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
5. Apparatus for use in carrying out the method claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, comprising an injection tube provided at its lower end with a nozzle carrier having axial, radial and/or inclined nozzles.
6. Apparatus for use in making underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803002680 DE3002680A1 (en) | 1980-01-25 | 1980-01-25 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING UNDERLAYING BODIES UNDER FOUNDATIONS OR SEALING MEMBRANES |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2068038A true GB2068038A (en) | 1981-08-05 |
| GB2068038B GB2068038B (en) | 1984-04-26 |
Family
ID=6092942
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8101586A Expired GB2068038B (en) | 1980-01-25 | 1981-01-20 | Method and apparatus for producing underpinning members beneath foundations or making sealing diaphragms |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT375986B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE886355A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3002680A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2068038B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8006784A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4834582A (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1989-05-30 | Roger Bullivant Of Texas, Inc. | Methods for underpinning unstable structures |
| FR2647481A1 (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1990-11-30 | Cofex | METHOD FOR REALIZING A FREE VOLUME IN THE BASEMENT BETWEEN EXISTING BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION OBTAINED |
| US5145291A (en) * | 1990-08-13 | 1992-09-08 | Roger Bullivant Of Texas, Inc. | Method for forming a piling beneath a structure |
| BE1005760A3 (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1994-01-18 | Hydro Soil Servicessa | Method for deepening an existing quay wall |
| WO2002048468A1 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-20 | Stump Spezialtiefbau Gmbh | Method for underpinning foundation elements |
| DE102009029892A1 (en) * | 2008-11-01 | 2011-09-15 | Reinhard Klöckner | Device i.e. anchorage body, for anchorage of wires or cables of network elements in mountainous region, has grouted bodies merged in area and penetrated mutually such that body has cone or truncated pyramid-shape |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3516756C1 (en) * | 1985-05-09 | 1986-07-10 | Karl Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH & Co KG, 8898 Schrobenhausen | Method and device for solidifying and / or sealing a predeterminable area in the ground |
| DE3718631A1 (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1988-12-22 | Gkn Keller Gmbh | Combined injection method as well as apparatus for producing a highly consolidated soil volume while simultaneously stabilising the adjacent soil |
| DE3738420A1 (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-05-24 | Klemm Bohrtech | Method and apparatus for constructing piles in the earth |
| DE3743507A1 (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1989-07-06 | Klemm Bohrtech | Method and apparatus for producing piles in the earth |
| DE4111604A1 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1992-10-15 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONCRETE AND CEMENT BODIES IN THE FLOOR |
| DE4235378A1 (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1994-04-21 | Bohrlochzementierung Geo Techn | Method for erosion injection into soils etc - uses continuous process to cut open and mill out soil, and inject binding agent suspension continuously into hole |
| DE4312231C2 (en) * | 1993-04-14 | 2002-01-31 | Bilfinger Berger Bau | Method and device for manufacturing flat components in the floor |
| CN101294447B (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2010-04-14 | 上海市城市建设设计研究院 | Buildings pile underpinning method |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD5639A (en) * | ||||
| DE693642C (en) * | 1938-10-18 | 1940-07-16 | Otto Fleischer Dr Ing | Introduction of solidifying agents into the subsoil |
| DE1759692A1 (en) * | 1968-05-28 | 1971-07-01 | Wey Gino Dipl Ing | Process for soil compaction and for increasing the load-bearing capacity of compression and tension piles |
| NL151761B (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1976-12-15 | Yoshio Ichise | PROCEDURE FOR PRESSURE INJECTION OF A SOIL HARDENER. |
-
1980
- 1980-01-25 DE DE19803002680 patent/DE3002680A1/en active Granted
- 1980-11-06 AT AT546180A patent/AT375986B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-11-26 BE BE0/202938A patent/BE886355A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-15 NL NL8006784A patent/NL8006784A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1981
- 1981-01-20 GB GB8101586A patent/GB2068038B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4834582A (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1989-05-30 | Roger Bullivant Of Texas, Inc. | Methods for underpinning unstable structures |
| FR2647481A1 (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1990-11-30 | Cofex | METHOD FOR REALIZING A FREE VOLUME IN THE BASEMENT BETWEEN EXISTING BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION OBTAINED |
| GB2233688A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1991-01-16 | Cofex | Constructing an open space beneath a structure |
| GB2233688B (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1993-07-07 | Cofex | Method of constructing an open space at basement level between existing buildings and the structure obtained |
| US5145291A (en) * | 1990-08-13 | 1992-09-08 | Roger Bullivant Of Texas, Inc. | Method for forming a piling beneath a structure |
| BE1005760A3 (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1994-01-18 | Hydro Soil Servicessa | Method for deepening an existing quay wall |
| WO2002048468A1 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-20 | Stump Spezialtiefbau Gmbh | Method for underpinning foundation elements |
| DE102009029892A1 (en) * | 2008-11-01 | 2011-09-15 | Reinhard Klöckner | Device i.e. anchorage body, for anchorage of wires or cables of network elements in mountainous region, has grouted bodies merged in area and penetrated mutually such that body has cone or truncated pyramid-shape |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3002680A1 (en) | 1981-07-30 |
| AT375986B (en) | 1984-09-25 |
| BE886355A (en) | 1981-03-16 |
| ATA546180A (en) | 1984-02-15 |
| NL8006784A (en) | 1981-08-17 |
| DE3002680C2 (en) | 1987-06-11 |
| GB2068038B (en) | 1984-04-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19980120 |