EP0303775A1 - Method for making a tunnel by using a driving shield - Google Patents

Method for making a tunnel by using a driving shield Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0303775A1
EP0303775A1 EP88108029A EP88108029A EP0303775A1 EP 0303775 A1 EP0303775 A1 EP 0303775A1 EP 88108029 A EP88108029 A EP 88108029A EP 88108029 A EP88108029 A EP 88108029A EP 0303775 A1 EP0303775 A1 EP 0303775A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gap
shield
sealing ring
concrete
tunnel
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Granted
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EP88108029A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0303775B1 (en
Inventor
Siegmund Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Babendererde
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Hochtief AG
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Hochtief AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0635—Tail sealing means, e.g. used as end shuttering

Definitions

  • the invention relates generically to a method for shield driving a tunnel with the aid of a shield driving machine which has a working chamber which is under atmospheric pressure, the working face being supported with the aid of a pressure medium which, via the control gap of the shield with the gap between the shield tail or the ground or mountains and tunnel lining in connection, the gap to the working chamber between the tail and tunnel lining is closed by a gap sealing ring and grouted concrete is pressed into the gap space through pipe sockets in the gap sealing ring.
  • the pressure medium is a fluid medium.
  • water, a thixotropic liquid or a gas, in particular air, can be used.
  • the grouted concrete can have any binder, in particular a hydraulic binder or a synthetic resin binder.
  • the gap sealing ring can be constructed in various ways.
  • the working face In tunneling operations, especially in loose soil, the working face is either mechanically driven by a scraper disc or by pressure tel supported.
  • the mechanical support is imperfect and causes deformation of the face, which causes subsidence of the terrain surface. Supporting the working face with a liquid is very effective and leads to low settlement. It is disadvantageous that the excavated material mixed with the liquid has to be removed. It is separated from the liquid above ground, which is particularly difficult with fine-grained soils. Compressed air support is more advantageous because the removed soil can be removed dry.
  • the entire tunnel tube has previously been placed under compressed air to support the ground on the face. Attempts to place only one working chamber in the front part of the shield under compressed air in order to enable the tunneling teams to work under atmospheric pressure have become known, but failed.
  • the pressure medium in particular a gaseous pressure medium, can flow through an incompletely filled gap space the control gap surrounding the shield has flowed past the shield tail. If the gap sealing ring does not seal, the pressure medium escapes into the working chamber.
  • An imperfect filling of the gap space can be counteracted with a movable, elastically supported gap sealing ring (cf. DE 36 42 893.0-24). But even in this way, a reliable backfilling of the gap can not be achieved if, for. B. in the segmental lining for some reason there is an offset between adjacent segments over which the seal of the gap sealing ring slides. Sometimes there is a leakage gap of up to 15 mm.
  • the liquid grouting concrete flows through this leakage joint into the inside of the shield without the intended pressure in the grouting concrete being able to be maintained to support the surrounding soil.
  • the invention has for its object to carry out the generic method so that any leakage gap that may form between the gap sealing ring and the shield tail and / or the tunnel expansion closes itself, so that the disadvantages described are avoided.
  • the invention teaches that for the purpose of closing a possibly forming leakage gap between the gap sealing ring and the shield tail and / or the tunnel construction, a grouting concrete is used, which has fine additives and coarse-grained aggregates so that the coarse grains in front of one any leakage gap form a grain filter, the fine pores are closed.
  • the grouted concrete is otherwise constructed according to the prevailing teaching and has conventional other additives such as flow agents, retarders and stabilizers.
  • the grain filter forms in front of a leakage joint for hydrodynamic reasons and experiences a blockage as well as afterwards.
  • a grouting concrete is used in which the largest grain of the coarse-grained aggregates is not less than 4 mm.
  • the grain filter effect described is always achieved with such a largest grain. This is especially true when working with grouted concrete in which the fine additives consist of sand and / or fibers.
  • the measures described are of particular importance when working with a gap sealing ring which is elastically supported in the manner described and whose elastic support presses against the grouting concrete in the gap space.
  • the combination of the described procedural measures with the use of a gap sealing ring arranged and designed in this way is therefore of particular importance.
  • the sealing achieved by the formation of the grain filter is surprisingly effective even when the grouting concrete is pressed into the gap space under a pressure of up to 10 bar.
  • the gap sealing ring shown in the figures is arranged between the rear end of a shield tail 1 and the front end of a segment lining 2 and is used to seal the gap space 3 in the course of its compression with grouting concrete.
  • the gap sealing ring is freely movable relative to the shield tail 1 and tubbing extension 2 via adjustable support units in the form of cylinder piston arrangements in the direction of advance, for example on the shield. These support units are not shown in detail in the figures; 1 shows only one of a plurality of fastening eyes 4 to which the supporting units are fastened. Distributed uniformly over the circumference on the front end face of the gap sealing ring, a number of grout supply pipe connections 5 are provided (cf. FIG. 2).
  • the gap seal ring has an elastic outer seal 6 and an elastic inner seal 7.
  • the elastic outer seal 6 consists of a rubber or plastic ring which can be placed on the inside of the tail 1; radial adjustment screws 8 are provided accordingly for this purpose.
  • the inner seal 7 which can be pressed against the outside of the segment lining 2 consists of a trailing spring plate seal which is fastened to the gap sealing ring by radial screws 9.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 it was indicated that by shifting segments in the tunnel 2 in the area in which the cut ge leads, has formed a leak joint 10.
  • Fig. 1 shows that a grain filter 11 has built up from the coarse-grained aggregates of the grouted concrete in front of the leakage joint 10, and that the pores of the grain filter have been closed by the fine additives 12. Some of them have passed the grain filter and also closed the leakage joint 10.
  • the proportion of fine additives, in particular that of the flour grain content can be increased compared to a conventional grouting concrete.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that amorphous silica in the form of precipitated silica or silica produced by high-temperature hydrolysis is added to the grouting concrete.
  • amorphous silica In general, 2 to 4% by weight of amorphous silica, based on the weight of the cement, is sufficient.
  • the seal can also be improved by coordinating the other additives, such as flow agents, retarders and stabilizers.
  • An addition of bentonite is also within the scope of the invention, for example in an amount of 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 4% by weight, based on the cement weight.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)

Abstract

The method uses a driving-shield machine which has a working chamber under atmospheric pressure, the face being supported by a pressure means which, via the control gap of the shield, is in connection with the gap space between shield tail or floor or rock and tunnel lining. <??>The gap space (3) is closed off towards the working chamber between shield tail (1) and tunnel lining (2) by a gap sealing ring. Injection concrete is injected into the gap space (3) through pipe connections (5) in the gap sealing ring. For the purpose of closing a leaking joint possibly forming between the gap sealing ring and the shield tail (1) and/or the tunnel lining (2), work is carried out with an injection concrete which has fine additives (12) and coarse-grained aggregate (11) such that the coarse grains form a grain filter in front of any leaking joint, the pores of which grain filter are closed by the fine additives. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich gattungsgemäß auf ein Verfahren zum Schild­vortrieb eines Tunnels mit Hilfe einer Schildvortriebsmaschine, die eine unter atmosphärischem Druck stehende Arbeitskammer aufweist, wobei die Ortsbrust mit Hilfe eines Druckmittels gestützt wird, welches über den Steuerspalt des Schildes mit dem Spaltraum zwischen Schildschwanz bzw. Boden oder Gebirge und Tunnelausbau in Verbindung steht, wobei der Spaltraum zur Arbeitskammer hin zwischen Schildschwanz und Tun­nelausbau durch einen Spaltdichtungsring abgeschlossen wird und durch Rohrstutzen im Spaltdichtungsring Verpreßbeton in den Spaltraum einge­preßt wird. So arbeitet man insbesondere in Lockerböden. Das Druckmit­tel ist ein fluides Medium. Es kann beispielsweise mit Wasser, einer thixotropen Flüssigkeit oder mit einem Gas, insbesondere mit Luft, ge­arbeitet werden. Der Verpreßbeton kann einen beliebigen Binder, insbe­sondere einen hydraulischen Binder oder auch einen Kunstharzbinder, aufweisen. Der Spaltdichtungsring kann auf verschiedene Weise aufge­baut sein.The invention relates generically to a method for shield driving a tunnel with the aid of a shield driving machine which has a working chamber which is under atmospheric pressure, the working face being supported with the aid of a pressure medium which, via the control gap of the shield with the gap between the shield tail or the ground or mountains and tunnel lining in connection, the gap to the working chamber between the tail and tunnel lining is closed by a gap sealing ring and grouted concrete is pressed into the gap space through pipe sockets in the gap sealing ring. This is how you work, especially in loose floors. The pressure medium is a fluid medium. For example, water, a thixotropic liquid or a gas, in particular air, can be used. The grouted concrete can have any binder, in particular a hydraulic binder or a synthetic resin binder. The gap sealing ring can be constructed in various ways.

Arbeitet man nach dem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren, so können Undich­tigkeitsfugen zwischen dem Spaltdichtungsring und dem Schildschwanz und/oder dem Tunnelausbau nicht immer ausgeschlossen werden. Das gilt insbesondere dann, wenn der Tunnelausbau als Tübbingausbau mit zusammengesetzten Tübbingsegmenten ausgeführt ist und nicht ausge­schlossen werden kann, daß die einzelnen Tübbingsegmente gegeneinan­der in radialer Richtung ein wenig gegeneinander versetzt sind. Im einzelnen ist zu diesem Problemkreis folgendes festzuhalten:If one works according to the generic method, then leakage joints between the gap sealing ring and the shield tail and / or the tunnel expansion cannot always be excluded. This applies in particular if the tunnel expansion is designed as a segmental lining with assembled segment segments and it cannot be excluded that the individual segment segments are slightly offset from one another in the radial direction. The following should be noted in detail regarding this problem area:

Bei Tunnelvortrieben, insbesondere in Lockerböden, wird die Ortsbrust entweder mechanisch durch eine Schürfscheibe oder durch ein Druckmit­ tel gestützt. Die mechanische Stützung ist unvollkommen und verursacht Verformungen der Ortsbrust, was Senkungen der Geländeoberfläche aus­löst. Eine Stützung der Ortsbrust durch eine Flüssigkeit ist sehr wir­kungsvoll und führt zu setzungsarmen Vortrieben. Nachteilig ist, daß das Ausbruchsmaterial mit der Flüssigkeit vermengt abtransportiert wer­den muß. Es wird übertage von der Flüssigkeit getrennt, was insbeson­dere bei feinkörnigen Böden aufwendig ist. Eine Druckluftstützung ist demgegenüber vorteilhafter, weil der abgebaute Boden trocken abtrans­portiert werden kann. In der Praxis wurde bisher die gesamte Tunnel­röhre unter Druckluft gesetzt, um den Boden an der Ortsbrust zu stüt­zen. Versuche, lediglich eine Arbeitskammer im vorderen Teil des Schil­des unter Druckluft zu setzen, um dadurch den Vortriebsmannschaften die Arbeit unter atmosphärischem Druck zu ermöglichen, sind zwar be­kannt geworden, scheiterten jedoch. Druckmittelverluste und insbesonde­re Druckluftverluste treten auf, wenn das Druckmittel an der Außen­seite des Schildes im Steuerspalt nach hinten fließt und durch eine un­vollkommene Dichtung des Spaltdichtungsringes in die Arbeitskammer dringt. Dieser Spaltraum, der eine Spaltdicke von etwa 10 cm aufweist, wird gleichzeitig mit dem Vorschub des Schildes in der beschriebenen Weise mit dem Verpreßbeton verpreßt, um zu verhindern, daß der umge­bende Boden, der auch im Grundwasser liegen kann, in den Spaltraum eintritt. Es gelingt jedoch nicht, sicherzustellen, daß der Verpreßdruck für den Verpreßbeton immer zuverlässig größer ist als derjenige Druck, der aus der Belastung entsteht. Dadurch bedingt fällt Boden in den Spalt, wodurch es unmöglich wird, den Schildschwanzspalt vollkommen zu verfüllen. Ähnlich liegen die Verhältnisse auch in gebrächem Gestein.In tunneling operations, especially in loose soil, the working face is either mechanically driven by a scraper disc or by pressure tel supported. The mechanical support is imperfect and causes deformation of the face, which causes subsidence of the terrain surface. Supporting the working face with a liquid is very effective and leads to low settlement. It is disadvantageous that the excavated material mixed with the liquid has to be removed. It is separated from the liquid above ground, which is particularly difficult with fine-grained soils. Compressed air support is more advantageous because the removed soil can be removed dry. In practice, the entire tunnel tube has previously been placed under compressed air to support the ground on the face. Attempts to place only one working chamber in the front part of the shield under compressed air in order to enable the tunneling teams to work under atmospheric pressure have become known, but failed. Pressure medium losses and especially compressed air losses occur when the pressure medium flows backwards in the control gap on the outside of the shield and penetrates into the working chamber through an imperfect seal of the gap sealing ring. This gap space, which has a gap thickness of about 10 cm, is pressed simultaneously with the advance of the sign in the manner described with the grouting concrete to prevent the surrounding soil, which can also be in the groundwater, from entering the gap space. However, it is not possible to ensure that the grouting pressure for the grouting concrete is always reliably greater than the pressure that arises from the load. This causes soil to fall into the gap, making it impossible to completely fill the shield tail gap. The situation is similar in used rock.

Durch einen nur unvollkommen verfüllten Spaltraum kann das Druckmit­tel, insbesondere ein gasförmiges Druckmittel, strömen, welches durch den den Schild umgebenden Steuerspalt bis hinter den Schildschwanz geflossen ist. Wenn der Spaltdichtungsring nicht abdichtet, entweicht das Druckmittel in die Arbeitskammer. Einer unvollkommenen Verfüllung des Spaltraumes kann entgegengewirkt werden mit einem beweglichen, elastisch gestützten Spaltdichtungsring (vgl. DE 36 42 893.0-24). Doch selbst auf diese Weise kann eine zuverlässige Verfüllung des Spaltrau­mes dann nicht erreicht werden, wenn z. B. beim Tübbingausbau aus irgendwelchen Gründen ein Versatz zwischen benachbarten Segmenten ent­steht, über den die Dichtung des Spaltdichtungsringes hinweggleitet. Es verbleibt zuweilen eine Undichtigkeitsfuge von bis 15 mm. Durch die­se Undichtigkeitsfuge fließt der flüssige Verpreßbeton ins Schildinnere ab, ohne daß der vorgesehene Druck im Verpreßbeton zur Stützung des umgebenden Bodens gehalten werden kann. Diese Abfließgefahr ist um so größer, je höher die Verpreßdrücke sind, die man bei tiefliegenden Tunneln benötigt.The pressure medium, in particular a gaseous pressure medium, can flow through an incompletely filled gap space the control gap surrounding the shield has flowed past the shield tail. If the gap sealing ring does not seal, the pressure medium escapes into the working chamber. An imperfect filling of the gap space can be counteracted with a movable, elastically supported gap sealing ring (cf. DE 36 42 893.0-24). But even in this way, a reliable backfilling of the gap can not be achieved if, for. B. in the segmental lining for some reason there is an offset between adjacent segments over which the seal of the gap sealing ring slides. Sometimes there is a leakage gap of up to 15 mm. The liquid grouting concrete flows through this leakage joint into the inside of the shield without the intended pressure in the grouting concrete being able to be maintained to support the surrounding soil. The higher the grouting pressures that are required for deep-lying tunnels, the greater the risk of runoff.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das gattungsgemäße Verfah­ren so zu führen, daß eine eventuell sich ausbildende Undichtigkeits­fuge zwischen dem Spaltdichtungsring und dem Schildschwanz und/oder dem Tunnelausbau sich von selbst verschließt, so daß die beschriebe­nen Nachteile vermieden werden.The invention has for its object to carry out the generic method so that any leakage gap that may form between the gap sealing ring and the shield tail and / or the tunnel expansion closes itself, so that the disadvantages described are avoided.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe lehrt die Erfindung, daß zum Zwecke des Verschließens einer sich eventuell ausbildenden Undichtigkeitsfuge zwi­schen dem Spaltdichtungsring und dem Schildschwanz und/oder dem Tunnelausbau mit einem Verpreßbeton gearbeitet wird, der feine Zusatz­stoffe und grobkörnige Zuschlagstoffe so aufweist, daß die groben Kör­ner vor einer eventuellen Undichtigkeitsfuge ein Kornfilter bilden, des­ sen Poren durch die feinen Zusatzstoffe verschlossen werden. Es ver­steht sich, daß der Verpreßbeton im übrigen nach der herrschenden Leh­re aufgebaut ist und übliche andere Zusatzstoffe, wie Fließmittel, Ver­zögerer und Stabilisatoren, aufweist. Das Kornfilter bildet sich vor ei­ner Undichtigkeitsfuge aus hydrodynamischen Gründen und erfährt dabei und danach gleichsam eine Verstopfung.To achieve this object, the invention teaches that for the purpose of closing a possibly forming leakage gap between the gap sealing ring and the shield tail and / or the tunnel construction, a grouting concrete is used, which has fine additives and coarse-grained aggregates so that the coarse grains in front of one any leakage gap form a grain filter, the fine pores are closed. It is understood that the grouted concrete is otherwise constructed according to the prevailing teaching and has conventional other additives such as flow agents, retarders and stabilizers. The grain filter forms in front of a leakage joint for hydrodynamic reasons and experiences a blockage as well as afterwards.

Nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird mit einem Ver­preßbeton gearbeitet, bei dem das Größtkorn der grobkörnigen Zuschlag­stoffe nicht kleiner als 4 mm ist. Tatsächlich hat sich herausgestellt, daß bei einem solchen Größtkorn die beschriebene Kornfilterwirkung im­mer erreicht wird. Das gilt insbesondere dann, wenn mit einem Ver­preßbeton gearbeitet wird, bei dem die feinen Zusatzstoffe aus Sand und/oder aus Fasern bestehen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind die be­schriebenen Maßnahmen, wenn mit einem Spaltdichtungsring gearbeitet wird, der in der beschriebenen Weise elastisch abgestützt ist und des­sen elastische Abstützung gegen den Verpreßbeton im Spaltraum drückt. Der Kombination der beschriebenen Verfahrensmaßnahmen mit der Anwen­dung eines so angeordneten und ausgebildeten Spaltdichtungsringes kommt daher besondere Bedeutung zu. Die durch die Ausbildung des Kornfilters erreichte Abdichtung ist überraschenderweise selbst dann wirksam, wenn der Verpreßbeton unter einem Druck von bis zu 10 bar in den Spaltraum eingedrückt wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a grouting concrete is used in which the largest grain of the coarse-grained aggregates is not less than 4 mm. In fact, it has been found that the grain filter effect described is always achieved with such a largest grain. This is especially true when working with grouted concrete in which the fine additives consist of sand and / or fibers. The measures described are of particular importance when working with a gap sealing ring which is elastically supported in the manner described and whose elastic support presses against the grouting concrete in the gap space. The combination of the described procedural measures with the use of a gap sealing ring arranged and designed in this way is therefore of particular importance. The sealing achieved by the formation of the grain filter is surprisingly effective even when the grouting concrete is pressed into the gap space under a pressure of up to 10 bar.

Im folgenden werden die beschriebenen und weiteren Merkmale der Er­findung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung ausführlicher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch einen Spaltdichtungsring beim Tunnelvor­trieb nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und
  • Fig. 2 einen Fig. 1 entsprechenden Schnitt durch den Spaltdichtungs­ring in einer anderen Winkelstellung.
In the following, the described and further features of the invention are explained in more detail with the aid of a drawing representing only one exemplary embodiment. Show it
  • Fig. 1 shows a section through a gap seal ring during tunneling according to the inventive method and
  • Fig. 2 shows a Fig. 1 corresponding section through the gap seal ring in another angular position.

Der in den Figuren dargestellte Spaltdichtungsring ist zwischen dem Hinterende eines Schildschwanzes 1 sowie dem Vorderende eines Tübbing­ausbaus 2 angeordnet und dient zum Abdichten des Spaltraumes 3 im Zuge von dessen Verpressung mit Verpreßbeton. Der Spaltdichtungsring ist relativ zum Schildschwanz 1 und Tübbingausbau 2 frei beweglich über einstellbare Stützaggregate in Form von Zylinderkolbenanordnungen in Vortriebsrichtung federnd, beispielsweise am Schild, abgestützt. In den Figuren sind diese Stützaggregate im einzelnen nicht dargestellt; erkennbar ist in Fig. 1 nur eines von mehreren Befestigungsaugen 4, an denen die Stützaggregate befestigt sind. Gleichmäßig über den Um­fang verteilt sind an der vorderen Stirnseite des Spaltdichtungsringes mehrere Verpreßmaterialzuführungsrohrstutzen 5 vorgesehen (vgl. Fig. 2). Außerdem weist der Spaltdichtungsring eine elastische Außendichtung 6 und eine elastische Innendichtung 7 auf. Die elastische Außendichtung 6 besteht aus einem Gummi- oder Kunststoffring, der an die Innenseite des Schildschwanzes 1 anlegbar ist; hierzu sind entsprechend radiale Einstellschrauben 8 vorgesehen. Die gegen die Außenseite des Tübbing­ausbaus 2 preßbare Innendichtung 7 besteht aus einer nachlaufenden Federblechabdichtung, die durch Radialschrauben 9 am Spaltdichtungs­ring befestigt ist.The gap sealing ring shown in the figures is arranged between the rear end of a shield tail 1 and the front end of a segment lining 2 and is used to seal the gap space 3 in the course of its compression with grouting concrete. The gap sealing ring is freely movable relative to the shield tail 1 and tubbing extension 2 via adjustable support units in the form of cylinder piston arrangements in the direction of advance, for example on the shield. These support units are not shown in detail in the figures; 1 shows only one of a plurality of fastening eyes 4 to which the supporting units are fastened. Distributed uniformly over the circumference on the front end face of the gap sealing ring, a number of grout supply pipe connections 5 are provided (cf. FIG. 2). In addition, the gap seal ring has an elastic outer seal 6 and an elastic inner seal 7. The elastic outer seal 6 consists of a rubber or plastic ring which can be placed on the inside of the tail 1; radial adjustment screws 8 are provided accordingly for this purpose. The inner seal 7 which can be pressed against the outside of the segment lining 2 consists of a trailing spring plate seal which is fastened to the gap sealing ring by radial screws 9.

In den Fig. 1 und 2 wurde angedeutet, daß sich durch Versatz von Segmenten im Tunnelausbau 2 in dem Bereich, in dem der Schnitt ge­ führt wurde, eine Undichtigkeitsfuge 10 gebildet hat. Die Fig. 1 zeigt, daß sich vor der Undichtigkeitsfuge 10 ein Kornfilter 11 aus den grob­körnigen Zuschlagstoffen des Verpreßbetons aufgebaut hat, und daß die Poren des Kornfilters durch die feinen Zusatzstoffe 12 verschlossen wur­den. Einige davon haben das Kornfilter passiert und auch die Undich­tigkeitsfuge 10 geschlossen. Der Anteil an feinen Zusatzstoffen, insbe­sondere der des Mehlkorngehaltes, kann gegenüber einem üblichen Ver­preßbeton erhöht sein. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Verpreßbeton amorphe Kieselsäure in Form von Fällungskieselsäure oder durch Hochtemperaturhydrolyse hergestellter Kieselsäure beigegeben wird. Im allgemeinen reichen 2 bis 4 Gew.-% an amorpher Kieselsäure, bezogen auf das Zementgewicht. Auch durch eine Abstimmung der übrigen Zusatzstoffe, wie Fließmittel, Verzögerer und Stabilisatoren, kann die Abdichtung verbessert werden. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt auch eine Beigabe an Bentonit, bei­spielsweise in einer Menge von 2 bis 6 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 4 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Zementgewicht.In Figs. 1 and 2 it was indicated that by shifting segments in the tunnel 2 in the area in which the cut ge leads, has formed a leak joint 10. Fig. 1 shows that a grain filter 11 has built up from the coarse-grained aggregates of the grouted concrete in front of the leakage joint 10, and that the pores of the grain filter have been closed by the fine additives 12. Some of them have passed the grain filter and also closed the leakage joint 10. The proportion of fine additives, in particular that of the flour grain content, can be increased compared to a conventional grouting concrete. A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that amorphous silica in the form of precipitated silica or silica produced by high-temperature hydrolysis is added to the grouting concrete. In general, 2 to 4% by weight of amorphous silica, based on the weight of the cement, is sufficient. The seal can also be improved by coordinating the other additives, such as flow agents, retarders and stabilizers. An addition of bentonite is also within the scope of the invention, for example in an amount of 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 4% by weight, based on the cement weight.

Claims (5)

1. Verfahren zum Schildvortrieb eines Tunnels mit Hilfe einer Schildvortriebsmaschine, die eine unter atmosphärischem Druck ste­hende Arbeitskammer aufweist, wobei die Ortsbrust mit Hilfe eines Druckmittels gestützt wird, welches über den Steuerspalt des Schildes mit dem Spaltraum zwischen Schildschwanz bzw. Boden oder Gebirge und Tunnel­ausbau in Verbindung steht, wobei der Spaltraum zur Arbeitskammer hin zwischen Schildschwanz und Tunnelausbau durch einen Spaltdichtungsring abgeschlossen wird und durch Rohrstutzen im Spaltdichtungsring Verpreßbeton in den Spaltraum eingepreßt wird, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß zum Zwecke des Verschließens einer sich eventuell ausbildenden Undichtigkeitsfuge zwischen dem Spaltdich­tungsring und dem Schildschwanz und/oder dem Tunnelausbau mit einem Verpreßbeton gearbeitet wird, der feine Zusatzstoffe und grobkörnige Zuschlagstoffe so aufweist, daß die groben Körner vor einer eventuellen Undichtigkeitsfuge ein Kornfilter bilden, dessen Poren durch die feinen Zusatzstoffe verschlossen werden.1.Procedure for shield tunneling with the aid of a shield tunneling machine which has a working chamber under atmospheric pressure, the face being supported with the aid of a pressure medium which, via the control gap of the shield with the gap between the shield tail or ground or mountains and tunnel expansion in Connection is made, the gap to the working chamber between the shield tail and tunnel extension is closed by a gap sealing ring and grouted concrete is pressed into the gap space by pipe sockets in the gap sealing ring, characterized in that for the purpose of closing a possibly forming leakage gap between the gap sealing ring and the shield tail and / or the tunnel construction is carried out with a grouting concrete, which has fine additives and coarse-grained aggregates so that the coarse grains form a grain filter in front of a possible leakage joint, the pores of which are due to the fine additives are sealed. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit einem Verpreßbeton gearbeitet wird, bei dem das Größtkorn der grobkörnigen Zuschlagstoffe nicht kleiner als 4 mm ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one works with a grouted concrete, in which the largest grain of the coarse-grained aggregates is not less than 4 mm. 3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß mit einem Verpreßbeton gearbeitet wird, bei dem die feinen Zusatzstoffe aus Sand und/oder Fasern bestehen.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that one works with a grouted concrete, in which the fine additives consist of sand and / or fibers. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß mit einem gegenüber üblichem Verpreßbeton erhöhtem Anteil an feinen Zusatzstoffen gearbeitet wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an increased proportion of fine additives is used compared to conventional grouting concrete. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß dem Verpreßbeton amorphe Kieselsäure in Form von Fällungskieselsäure oder durch Hochtemperaturhydrolyse hergestellter Kieselsäure beigegeben wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that amorphous silica is added to the grouting concrete in the form of precipitated silica or silica produced by high-temperature hydrolysis.
EP88108029A 1987-08-13 1988-05-19 Method for making a tunnel by using a driving shield Expired - Lifetime EP0303775B1 (en)

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CN110031369A (en) * 2019-05-22 2019-07-19 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 The underwater slurry shield mud film of bad ground forms simulator and analogy method

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CN110031369A (en) * 2019-05-22 2019-07-19 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 The underwater slurry shield mud film of bad ground forms simulator and analogy method

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JPH0723680B2 (en) 1995-03-15
DK171200B1 (en) 1996-07-22
JPH01142196A (en) 1989-06-05
EP0303775B1 (en) 1992-03-04
US4911578A (en) 1990-03-27
DK282888A (en) 1989-02-14
DK282888D0 (en) 1988-05-24

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