GB2063103A - Applying fluorocarbon polymer coatings - Google Patents
Applying fluorocarbon polymer coatings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2063103A GB2063103A GB8033241A GB8033241A GB2063103A GB 2063103 A GB2063103 A GB 2063103A GB 8033241 A GB8033241 A GB 8033241A GB 8033241 A GB8033241 A GB 8033241A GB 2063103 A GB2063103 A GB 2063103A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- polymeric compound
- mils
- porous
- approximately
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
- B05D5/083—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers
- B05D5/086—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers having an anchoring layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2350/00—Pretreatment of the substrate
- B05D2350/60—Adding a layer before coating
- B05D2350/65—Adding a layer before coating metal layer
Landscapes
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A coated article and a process for making the article which adapts the surfaces of the article for exposure to corrosive environments. The process comprises applying to a cleaned roughened surface of the article a porous metal alloy coating, applying one or more successive layers of a heat-curable fluorocarbon polymeric compound on the porous coating, and heat-curing the compound layer to provide a cured compound layer having a thickness sufficient to impregnate the pores and completely cover the outer surface of the porous metal alloy coating.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Coated metal articles and process for making same
This invention relates to the protection of metal articles, such as reactor vessels, agitators, impellers, pumps and the like exposed to corrosive service and to processes for applying protective coatings to such articles.
Heretofore glass linings and fluoroplastic linings have been used to protect articles exposed to adverse or corrosive environments.
Glass-lining technology evolved from advances in procelain enameling. Nevertheless, glass-lining differs therefrom in that glass is applied more heavily on a thicker metal base, and is characterized by greater resistance to attack by highly corrosive chemicals.
Many different metals can be glassed. The most common metals used as a base for glassing are cast iron and carbon steel, which are chosen for their low cost and ready availability. Other metals that can be glass coated include certain high-tensile strength steels, including stainless steels, and some high-nickelchromium alloys.
An advantage inherent in glass-lined hardware and equipment such as in a carbon-steel vessel lined with a base coating of glass and multiple outer layers of surface glass is, for example, the ability to withstand acid corrosion, and expansion and contraction due to pressure changes.
However, glass has its limitations in that it is sensitive to alkaline and abrasive materials, and can be easily damaged by impact. Additionally, the glass lining and metal substrate ordinarily have different coefficients of thermal expansion, such that glass-lined equipment is susceptible to thermal shock, which causes the glass to crack and fragment into chips.
Another drawback to glass-lined equipment relates to the repair procedures involved when repair is necessary. Generally, special cements or specialized plugs are required to repair small defects, reducing the overall integrity of the vessel and causing possible product contamination. For larger areas, special corrosion-resistant plates of tantalum are needed. Frequently, the damage is such that the unit must be returned to the manufacturer for complete reglassing, adding to down-time and cost of repair.
An alternative approach to protecting articles subjected to corrosive service involves use of fluoroplastic resins or fluorocarbon polymeric compounds for coating the articles. Fluoroplastic resin lining is, for example, well known in the chemical process industry for use in process equipment, piping, valves, pumps and the like
Among the fluoroplastics available as piping and chemical equipment linings are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylenepropylene (FEP), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), perfluoroalkoxy fluorocarbon (PFA). Fluoroplastics have been employed in a variety of processes including, for example, two representative techniques set forth in detail in the following paragraphs.
One technique involves a process developed by the Carborundum Company, Protective Plastics Division,
Avondale, PA 19311, wherein glass or carbon-fiber reinforcement is combined with a fluorocarbon to provide a reinforced-fluoropolymer lining that is fused directly to the metal substrate to be protected. Using this technique, interior or exterior surfaces of compiex shapes, such as column internals, agitators, fans and impellers, can be provided with appropriate plastics linings or coatings.
Another technique for providing a protective coating for articles is that disclosed in U.S. Patent No.3,419,414 - Marks, incorporated herein by reference. This patent discloses a process for applying a fluoroplastic coating. More specifically, it is directed to the coating of metallic plate-like bodies such as metal bonding tools or cooking utensils to which are applied first a wear-resistant underlayer containing ceramic oxide and secondly, an overlayer or anti-adherent fluorocarbon polymeric resin. The Marks process utilizes a combination of an underlying wear-resistant ceramic oxide wearlayer coupled with an anti-adherent outer layer of fluorocarbon polymeric material wherein the wearlayer penetrates the fluorocarbon polymeric material forming wearlayer outcroppings or peaks to deter wear and appreciable erosion of the anti-adherent polymeric material.Thus, the fuorocarbon polymeric coating which is relatively soft by comparison, is provided with protection against excessive erosion by the outcroppings of the wearlayer.
However, such protection would not be effective against a corrosive environment due to possible attack on the exposed ceramic oxide outcroppings.
The protective coating of the present invention affords on the metal article to be protected, first, a porous metal alloy composition having enhanced wear-resistance to corrosive environments and secondly, a fluorocarbon polymeric compound coating which forms a strong mechanical bond with the porous metal alloy surface area and completely covers the outer surface of the alloy coating to protect such coating against the mentioned corrosive environments.
In accordance with the foregoing, the present invention provides a process for protectively coating a metal article to enable the article better to withstand exposure to corrosive materials, comprising (1 ) the application by thermal spraying of a porous coating of a metal alloy onto the article surface which is suitable for, or has been suitably prepared for, receiving and permitting said coating to strongly adhere thereto, whereby the metal substrate surface is coated with a metal alloy having, for example, a thickness of from approximately 5 to approximately 40 mils and preferably approximately 20 mils, and (2) depositing upon the porous metal alloy coating a layer of a heat-curable fluorocarbon polymeric compound which completely covers the metal alloy coating; the thickness of the fluorocarbon polymeric layer being, for example, from approximately 10 mils.
The fluorocarbon polymeric compounds used as coatings over the metal alloy layer may be applied either in a single application or in successive applications. The last or third step is the curing or ripening of the fluorocarbon polymeric compound coating achieved by the heating of the metal article to cure the polymeric compound and insure the penetration of the polymeric compound into the metal alloy porous coating effectively to substantially fill the pores of the metal alloy coating and completely cover same such that none of the coating will be exposed to corrosive materials.
The invention also includes a metal article comprising a metal body structure, a porous metal alloy coating adherently applied to the surface of the metal body structure, and as a minimum, a single layer of a cured fluorocarbon polymeric compound applied to the porous metal alloy coating and substantially filling the pores and completely covering the outer surface of the porous metal alloy coating.
Description of a preferred embodiment
A preferred process according to the present invention involves several coating and curing steps described in detail below. The coating steps of the process preferably are preceded by preparation of the surface of the article to be protected in order to provide a suitably cleaned and roughened metal substrate to insure the adherence thereto of a metal alloy porous coating or matrix applied by suitable means such as by thermal spraying. Methods of surface preparation found suitable include washing and grit-blasting of the surface.
With respect to the preliminary surface preparation, it should be understood that roughening of the surface before application of the metal alloy porous coating is not an essential step in all cases, the surfaces of some articles being inherently sufficiently rough.
Generally, the coating process involves first applying a clean rough surface of the article, a porous metal alloy coating or matrix, which can be suitably accomplished by thermal spraying of heated metallic alloy particles on the surface. This results in formation of a strongly adherent porous matrix of the alloy on the metal substrate. Secondly, a diffusion layer of a heat-curable fluorocarbon polymeric compound powder is applied to the porous alloy matrix. The application ofthefluorocarbon polymeric compound can be accomplished by electrostatic deposition, or with the use of gravity or pressure-type spraying equipment and can also be applied by brushing, daubing, and the like.The fluorocarbon polymeric compound can be applied and cured either as a single layer or in successive layers to effect a composite cured layer or desired thickness and protective capability.
The preferred form of applying the porous metal alloy matrix is thermal spraying of the type widely used commercially and the term "thermal spraying" should be understood to encompass plasma spraying, flame spraying, electric arc spraying, sputtering and any other technique suitably effective for providing a coating of fused particles of the alloy on the surface of the article.
The layer of metal alloy is laid down to a thickness sufficient to coat the metal article substrate thereby providing corrosion protection and also to provide a porous, irregular surface to which the outer layer of fluorocarbon polymeric material will strongly adhere. Additionally, the heat in the hot metal particles is readily conducted to the metal substrate which resuits in the particles being coated on the substrate in the form of a porous coating or matrix. Such a thickness is from approximately 5 mils to approximately 40 mils and preferably approximately 20 mils. The 20 mil thickness is considered preferable in that it is on the average sufficient to ensure an adequate coating without using costly excess coating materials.
The metal alloy used in making the porous coating is selected from a group consisting of high chromium content nickel base alloys, high chromium content iron base alloys, high chromium content cobalt base alloys and combinations thereof.
The fluorocarbon polymeric compound material is het-curable and is applied to the porous alloy coating in powder form and in a controlled amount such that upon curing it provides a polymeric coating on the porous coating sufficient to impregnate the pores and completely cover the outer surface of the porous metal alloy coating. Such a polymeric coating is of a thickness of from approximately 2 mils to approximately 20 mils, and preferably of a thickness of approximately 10 mils. The 10 mil thickness is considered preferable in that on the average it provides a sufficiently protective layer of polymeric material without using costly excess material.The fluorocarbon polymeric compound materials which are usable in the present invention are selected from a group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PEFE), fluorinated ethylenepropylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), perfluoroalkoxy fluorocarbon (PFA), and combinations thereof. The fluorocarbon polymeric compound material can be applied in a single application of layer and cured, or in successive applications or layers which are successively cured to result in a composite layer having the indicated thickness. When applied successively, the subsequent polymeric layers chemically adhere to the base fluorocarbon polymeric layer and upon curing provide a sealed, tough and corrosion-resistant outer coating on the porous metal alloy coating on the metal article. Curing of the layer or each layer, if more than one layer is used, of the fluorocarbon polymeric material is accomplished by heating to a temperature and for a time sufficient to initiate polymerization or curing of the polymeric material, and to cause the polymeric material to diffuse into the metal alloy coating. This temperature is dependent generally upon the particular polymeric compound material used; and ordinarily, the curing temperature is prescribed by the supplier's specifications. The described curing and diffusion of the polymeric material into the metal alloy coating effects a strong adherence of the polymeric material by mechanical bonding with the porous metal alloy coating.
In coating an article in accordance with the present invention, a protective coating was applied to the internal surface portion of a steel centrifugal pump casing for use in corrosive service. The inner surface of the centrifugal pump casing was first cleaned with a hot steam soap solution. Next, the surface was grit-blasted at from 70 to 80 psi with 20 mesh angular sheet grit to produce a suitably roughened surface.
Then, by electric arc spraying using high chromium content nickel base alloy wire, and more specifically wire made from Hastelloy C-276 and available from the Stellite Division of the Cabot Corporation,1020 Park
Avenue, Kokomo, Indiana 46901, a coating of molten alloy particles was applied to the roughened surface.
Upon impact, the molten particles quickly cooled due to thermal conduction to the relatively cooler substrate to form a porous coating or matrix on the metal substrate. The chemical composition for Hastelloy C-276 on a weight percent basis is specified by the manufacturer in its 1976 copyrighted brochure F-30,356E as follows:
Element Percent Content
(1) Cobalt 2.5 maximum
(2) Chromium 14.50-16.50
(3) Molybdenum 15.00-17.00
(4) Tungsten 3.00-4.50
(5) Iron 4.00-7.00
(6) Silicon 0.08 maximum
(7) Manganese 1.00
(8) Carbon 0.02
(9) Vanadium 0.35
(10) Phosphorous 0.04
(11) Sulfur 0.03
(12) Nickel Balance
The undiluted deposited chemical composition of alloy C-276 covered electrodes has 0.20 percent maximum silicon.
The metal porous undercoating was in the range of 10 mils to 15 mils thick, but thinner and thicker coatings such as from approximately 5 mils to approximately 40 mils are usable. Next, a heat-curable fluorocarbon polymeric compound material perfluoroalkoxy fluorocarbon powder obtained from E.l. duPont de Nemours & Co. under the designation "PFA", was deposited onto the porous metal alloy coating.
Following deposition of the fluorocarbon polymeric compound material overlayer, the pump casing was heated to a temperature of approximately 750"F. for a period of about forty minutes to bring the fluorocarbon polymeric compound material to its melting point and prescribed curing temperature. Upon melting, the polymeric material penetrated and impregnated the interstices of the porous alloy matrix thereby to effect an extremely strong mechanical bond or anchoring of the polymeric material to the alloy coating. This polymeric material was subsequently coated with successive layers of perfluoroalkoxy fluorocarbon which were successively cured so that the final composite thickness of fluorocarbon polymeric layer material was approximately 10 mils.At this thickness the porous alloy material was completely and adequately covered to protect it against corrosive materials flowing through the pump casing.
An important characteristic of the coating process of this invention is the provision of a fluorocarbon polymeric protective layer which completely covers the metal alloy matrix underlayer leaving none exposed to the corrosive materials that may contact the protected surface. The sandwich-like or composite structure of the resultant protective layer of this process avoids many shortcomings characteristic of articles not so coated or coated with other materials and which are also intended to be used under adverse or corrosive conditions. For example, coating provided according to the process of this invention are flexible as compared to glass coatings, and thus not susceptible to cracking or breaking due to thermal or pressure cycling.Articles provided with the protective coating of this invention can withstand substantially high operating tempratures at either high pressures or under vacuum, and limited only by the polymer manufacturer's maximum operating temperatures. This type of performance is not always attainabie with other types of protected articles, such as glass-lined equipment. Additionally, should there be a failure of the fluorocarbon polymeric coating the metal alloy underlayer deterioration, if any, will be relatively slow as compared to a surface not provided with such an underlayer.The rate of any deterioration of the metal alloy coating and the fluorocarbon polymeric outer layer is dependent on several variables, namely, the nature of the corrosive material, the composition of the metal alloy coating intermediate the metal article substrate, and the characteristics of the cured fluorocarbon polymeric material comprising the outer protective layer.
Any failure of the outer layer is easily visually or ultrasonically detectable and the surface can be cleaned and repaired in situ simply by repeating the steps of the coating process described above.
In order to facilitate the detection of a surface failure, the outer layer of a fluorocarbon polymeric compound may be composed of two or more successive layers such that the final two layers or polymeric material may be of a different colors, to enable visual identification of a surface imperfection. For example, the final layer of fluorocarbon polymeric material can be tinted green, with the immediate sublayer or any layer intermediate the metal alloy coating and the outer polymeric layer, tinted bright red. Thus, when the outer layer wears sufficiently or is damaged, the red layer would be visible indicating a failure in the protective coating.It will be obvious to one skilled in the art that any combination of colored layers may be employed, or that the use of other chemical additives such as fluoroscents, may be utilized to aid in the detection of imperfections in the surface of the metal article so coated according to the process of this invention. To effect repair, the area of failure is sanded down to the metal substrate and "resurfaced" with the metal alloy coating followed by the application and curing of the fluorocarbon polymeric compound material as above described. This process obviates the use of ceramic plugs or the need for complete relining, adhesives, and the like which may lead to reduce structural integrity, and substantial downtime for repairs. Additionally, repairs of previously coated articles by the present process does not leave residues of repair materials which could contaminate products made which equipment or articles coated by this process.
Using the process of the present invention, the interiors or exteriors of complex shapes, such as those of columns, reactor vessels, pipes, agitators, pipe elbows, fans, impellers and the like, can be provided with protective coating effective to withstand the rigors of adverse or corrosive environments.
While specific applications and a preferred embodiment of the present invention have been herein described, it is not desired that the invention be limited to the particular forms described, and it is intended by the appended claims to cover all modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. A process for protectively coating a metal article to withstand exposure to corrosive materials comprising:
thermal spraying onto a suitable surface of said article a porous coating of a metal alloy resistant to said corrosive materials;
depositing upon said porous coating a layer of a heat-curable fluorocarbon polymeric compound which completely covers said coating; and
heating said article to cure said compound and effect flow thereof into said porous coatng in order to substantially fill the pores of the coating.
2. A process according to claim 1, further comprising depositing at least one additional layer of said heat-curable fluorocarbon polymeric compound to the first said layer thereof such that the layers provide a composite layer of fluorocarbon polymeric compound on said porous coating.
3. The process defined in claim 1, wherein the heat-curable fluorocarbon polymeric compound is deposited in powder form.
4. The process defined in claim 1, wherein said porous coating is applied to a thickness of approximately five mils to approximately forty mils, and said fluorocarbon polymeric compound is deposited upon said porous coating in a layer having a thickness which upon curing will provide a cured compound depth of from approximately two mils to approximately twenty mils.
5. The process defined in claim 3, wherein the fluorocarbon polymeric compound is deposited in powder form as a plurality of successive layers, and wherein each coating of said fluorocarbon polymeric compound is successively heated to approximately 750"F. to effect curing thereof; said layers providing a resultant cured fluorocarbon polymeric compound composite layer having a thickness from approximately two mils to approximately twenty mils on the outer surface of said metal alloy porous coating.
6. The process defined in claim 3, wherein said heat-curable fluorocarbon polymeric compound in powder form is deposited by electrostatic deposition.
7. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the metal alloy is selected from the group consisting of high chromium content nickel base alloys, high chromium content iron base alloys, high chromium content cobalt base alloys and combinations thereof.
8. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the metal alloy is thermal-sprayed with the use of a wire having a surface consisting of a high chromium content nickel base corrosion-resistant alloy of the following content weight percentage composition:
Element Percent Content
(1) Cobalt 2.50 maximum
(2) Chromium 14.50-16.50
(3) Molybdenum 15.00-17.00
(4) Tungsten- 3.00-4.50
(5) Iron 4.00-7.00
(6) Silicon 0.08 maximum
(7) Manganese 1.00 maximum
(8) Carbon 0.02 maximum
(9) Vanadium 0.35 (10) Phosphorous 0.04
(11) Sulfur 0.3
(12) Nickel Balance
9. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon polymeric compound is selected from the group consisting of fluorinated ethylenepropylene, polychlorotrifluoroethyene, perfluoroalkoxy fluorocarbon, polytetrafuoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and combinations thereof.
10. A metal article for use in a corrosive environment comprising a metal body structure, a porous metal alloy coating adherently applied to a surface portion of said body structure, and at least one layer of a cured fluorocarbon polymeric compound applied to said porous coating and substantially filling the pores and completely covering the outer surface of said coating.
11. A metal article according to claim 10, wherein the porous metal alloy coating comprises a thermally applied alloy selected from the group consisting of high chromium content nickel base alloys, high chromium content iron base alloys, high chromium content cobalt base alloys and combinations thereof.
12. A metal article according to claim 10, wherein the porous metal alloy coating comprises a thermally applied high chromium, nickel base corrosion-resistant alloy of the following percentage composition:
Element Percent Content
(1) Cobalt 2.50 maximum
(2) Chromium 14.50-16.50
(3) Molybdenum 15.00-17.00
(4) Tungsten 3.00-4.50
(5) Iron 4.00-7.00
(6) Silicon 0.08 maximum
(7) Manganese 1.00
(8) Carbon 0.02
(9) Vanadium 0.35
(10) Phosphorous 0.04
(11) Sulfur 0.03
(12) Nickel Balance
13. A metal article according to claim 10, wherein the fluorocarbon polymeric compound is a cured product of a material selected from the group consisting of fluorinated ethylenepropylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy fluorocarbon, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and combinations thereof.
14. A metal article according to claim 10, wherein said porous metal alloy coating has a thickness of approximately five mils to approximately forty mils, and said layer of cured fluorocarbon polymeric compound has a thickness of approximately two mils to approximately twenty mils.
15. A coated metal article for use in a corrosive environment comprising:
a steel body member;
a porous coating of thermally sprayed metal alloy selected from the group consisting of high chromium content nickel base alloys, high chromium content iron base alloys, high chromium content cobalt base alloys and combinations thereof and adherent to a surface of said article; and
a cured layer of a fluorocarbon polymeric compound selected from the group consisting of a fluorinated ethylenepropylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy fluorocarbon, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and combinations thereof, and substantially filling the pores of said porous coating and completely covering the outer surface thereof to a depth of approximately two mils to approximately twenty mils.
16. A coated metal article according to claim 15, wherein said metal alloy is a corrosion-resistant high chromium, nickel base alloy of the following percentage composition:
Element Percent Content
(1) Cobalt 2.50 maximum
(2) Chromium 14.50-16.50
(3) Molybdenum 15.00-17.00
(4) Tungsten 3.00-4.50
(5) Iron 4.00-7.00
(6) Silicon 0.08 maximum
(7) Manganese 1.00
(8) Carbon 0.02
(9) Vanadium 0.35
(10) Phosphorous 0.40
(11) Sulfur 0.03 " (12) Nickel- Balance
17. A process for protectively coating a metal article to withstand exposure to corrosive materials as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
18. A metal article as claimed in claim 10 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9570479A | 1979-11-16 | 1979-11-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2063103A true GB2063103A (en) | 1981-06-03 |
Family
ID=22253230
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8033241A Withdrawn GB2063103A (en) | 1979-11-16 | 1980-10-15 | Applying fluorocarbon polymer coatings |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5698164A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3042606A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2469218A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2063103A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2189408A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1987-10-28 | Smith Meters Ltd | Coating surfaces |
| GB2255728A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-11-18 | Tsai Tung Hung | Method of coating a metal cookware item |
| GB2277466A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1994-11-02 | Tsai Tung Hung | Method for coating metal cookware |
| WO1999032234A1 (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-07-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for sealing coatings |
| WO2002057027A1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-07-25 | Techno-Werkzeug A.E. Vertreibs Gmbh | Tool for applying or stirring coating material or similar and method for producing said tool |
| EP2229241B1 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2019-06-05 | Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc. | Multi-layer anti-corrosive coating |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0096502A1 (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1983-12-21 | BURROUGHS CORPORATION (a Michigan corporation) | Insular insulated record films for digital data storage using low power write-laser |
| DE3374969D1 (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1988-01-28 | Unisys Corp | Aurous archival record films for digital data storage |
| EP0096501B1 (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1988-11-09 | Unisys Corporation | Method for detecting fire |
| JPS5985749A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1984-05-17 | オイレス工業株式会社 | Support for structure with tetrafluoroethylene resin coatinglayer |
| US4481251A (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-06 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Polyarylate polymer coatings |
| KR102022225B1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2019-09-17 | 더블유.엘. 고어 앤드 어소시에이트스, 인코포레이티드 | Venting apparatus |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE635505A (en) * | 1962-07-27 | |||
| IL27209A (en) * | 1966-02-02 | 1971-01-28 | Kidde & Co Walter | Fluorocarbon coated metal surfaces |
| GB1184561A (en) * | 1966-03-25 | 1970-03-18 | K & F Treat S Ltd | Improvements in or relating to Abrasion Resistant Surfaces. |
| GB1191700A (en) * | 1967-02-27 | 1970-05-13 | Ekco Prod Inc | Coated Metalware |
-
1980
- 1980-10-15 GB GB8033241A patent/GB2063103A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-11-12 DE DE19803042606 patent/DE3042606A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-11-13 FR FR8024100A patent/FR2469218A1/en active Pending
- 1980-11-14 JP JP15967580A patent/JPS5698164A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2189408A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1987-10-28 | Smith Meters Ltd | Coating surfaces |
| GB2189408B (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1990-01-04 | Smith Meters Ltd | Coating surfaces |
| GB2255728A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-11-18 | Tsai Tung Hung | Method of coating a metal cookware item |
| GB2277466A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1994-11-02 | Tsai Tung Hung | Method for coating metal cookware |
| WO1999032234A1 (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-07-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for sealing coatings |
| WO2002057027A1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-07-25 | Techno-Werkzeug A.E. Vertreibs Gmbh | Tool for applying or stirring coating material or similar and method for producing said tool |
| EP2229241B1 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2019-06-05 | Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc. | Multi-layer anti-corrosive coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2469218A1 (en) | 1981-05-22 |
| DE3042606A1 (en) | 1981-05-27 |
| JPS5698164A (en) | 1981-08-07 |
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