GB2058170A - Improvements in or Relating to Roof Support Apparatus for Tunnels or Shafts - Google Patents
Improvements in or Relating to Roof Support Apparatus for Tunnels or Shafts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2058170A GB2058170A GB7931195A GB7931195A GB2058170A GB 2058170 A GB2058170 A GB 2058170A GB 7931195 A GB7931195 A GB 7931195A GB 7931195 A GB7931195 A GB 7931195A GB 2058170 A GB2058170 A GB 2058170A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- arch support
- arch
- clamping element
- arms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Roof support apparatus comprises a plurality of arch supports (10) spaced equidistantly one from another, lining sheets (13) extending between and lying against the outer periphery of arch supports (10), each lining sheet (13) having at least one hole formed therein. The or each hole lies adjacent an arch support (10) and clamping elements (14) each having a pair of arms (16, 17) each clamp an associated sheet (13) and an associated arch support (10) between the two arms (16, 17). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or Relating to Roof Support
Apparatus for Tunnels or Shafts
The invention relates to roof support apparatus for tunnels or shafts of the type in which arch supports are spaced regularly along the tunnel or shaft and sheet material, for example corrugated steel sheeting, is supported on and secured to the arch supports to form the tunnel or shaft roof.
In the past, the usual method of securing the sheet material in position has been to force a wedge, such as a block of wood, between the sheet material and the rock or ground through which the tunnel or shaft has been cut to force the sheet material against associated arch supports. Clearly such in method requires the cut tunnel or shaft roof and walls to be wedged in position and cannot be carried out if the lining is to be erected within a shield or the like. This is undesirable since it means that men and machinery are exposed to possible falls of material from the tunnel or shaft.
According to the invention there is provided a method of securing a lining sheet to an arch support in a tunnel or shaft, the lining sheet having at least one hole therethrough, first, comprising the steps of locating the lining sheet to lie against the outer periphery of through support such that the hole lies adjacent the arch support, and clamping the sheet to the arch support with a clamping element having a pair of arms, by passing one arm of the clamping element through the sheet from inside the tunnel and clamping the sheet and the arch support between the two arms of the clamping element.
Preferably, the lining sheet is secured to an arch support within a shield.
Preferably, two sheets are secured to an arch support by each clamping element one sheet extending forwardly of the arch support and are extending rearwardly of the arch support, the holes of the sheets being aligned such that a clamping element clamps both sheets to the arch support.
The clamping element is preferably forced,for example by hammer blows, into engagement with the sheet or sheets and the arch support and holds the sheet or sheets in position by frictional engagement of the arms with the sheets and the associated arch support.
The clamping element preferably comprises abutment means for engaging an edge of an associated hole remote from the arch support, the arms of the clamping element preferably being forced into engagement with the sheet or sheets and the arch support until the abutment means engages the edge of the hole remote from the arch support.
Each sheet may have at least two holes formed therein, and be held to each arch support by at least two clamping elements.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided roof support apparatus comprising a plurality of arch supports spaced equidistantly one from another, lining sheets extending between and lying against the outer periphery of the arch supports, each lining sheet having at least one hole formed therein, the or each hole lying adjacent an arch support, and clamping elements each having a pair of arms and each clamping an associated sheet and an associated arch support between the two arms.
Each clamping element preferably comprises abutment means engaging the edge of the hole remote from an associated arch support.
The arms of each clamping element may each have a raised portion facing towards the other arm such that the one arm has substantially point contact with a lining sheet and the other arm has substantially point contact with an inside surface of an associated arch support.
Each arch support preferably has a flange extending around the periphery thereof and lying parallel to the axis of the tunnel. The flange may extend on both sides of a central web, and may taper from the web to the free edges of the flange.
The invention further provides the clamping element per se.
By way of example, one embodiment of a method of securing a lining sheet to an arch support and two embodiments of roof support apparatus according to the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a sectional view of lining sheets secured to an arch support by a clamping element;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the assembly of
Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a view illustrating engagement of a clamping element with lining sheets; and
Figure 4 is a sectional view of lining sheets clamped to an arch support by a second embodiment of a clamping element.
As shown in Figure 1, an arch support 10 for a tunnel or shaft has a web 11 and a peripheral flange 12 extending from the web 1 The flange 12 tapers in thickness from the web 11 to the free edges of the flange. Lining sheets in the form of corrugated steel sheeting 1 3 are secured to the peripheral flange 12 of the arch support 10 by means of clamping elements 14.
In order to allow the sheeting 1 3 to be secured to the arch supports 12 from inside the tunnel or shaft in order that the roof and walls can be built within a shield, each lining sheet 1 3 is formed with at least one hole 1 5 therethrough. Each hole 1 5 is substantially oval in shape. A hole 15 of a lining sheet 13 is aligned with an edge of the peripheral flange 12 of the arch support 10 and a first arm 1 6 of the clamping element 14 is passed.
through the hole 15, a second arm 17 of the clamping element engaging an inwardly facing tapering surface 18 of the flange 12.
The clamping element 14 is provided with abutment means in the form of a nodule 1 9 extending from a shanked portion 20 of the clamping element. The arms 1 6 and 1 7 are urged towards the web 1 t of the arch support by, for example, striking end portion 21 with a hammer, until the nodule 1 9 passes through the hole 1 5 to engage the edge of the sheet defining the hole 1 5. In this way, the clamping element 14 is locked in position with the sheet or sheets 13 and the flange 12 of the arch support clamped between the two arms 1 6 and 17 of the clamping element 14. It is presently contemplated that the clamping element will be of steel, although other suitable materials may be used.
Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of a clamping element 14' in position the clamping element 14' is substantially the same as the clamping element 14 of the first embodiment but differs from it in that arms 16' and 17' are provided with raised portions 22' and 23' respectively to provide substantially point contact with a lining sheet 13 and a flange 12 respectively.
In general, two corrugated lining sheets 1 3 will be secured to an arch support 10 by each clamping element, one lining sheet 13 extending rearwardly of the arch support and one lining sheet extending forwardly of the arch support.
However, there may a third overlapping sheet where the width of the each sheet 1 3 is such that several sheets are required to extend around the periphery of an arch support. Thus each clamping element 14, 14' must be capable of holding three layers of sheeting to a flange 12.
A completed roof support will comprise a plurality of arch supports 10 spaced equally distantly one from anotherwith lining sheets 13 extending between the arch supports and secured to the arch supports by clamping elements 14, 14'.
The advantage of this embodiment of the method of securing a lining sheet to an arch support according to the invention is that the lining sheet is easily secured to the arch support from inside the tunnel, thereby allowing the roof support to be assembled within a shield, instead, as has hitherto been the case, of needing the roof and walls of the tunnel to be exposed in order to wedge the lining sheets between the roof and walls of the tunnel and the arch supports.
Claims (14)
1. A method of securing a lining sheet to an arch support in a tunnel or shaft, the lining sheet having at least one hole therethrough, comprising the steps of locating the lining sheet to lie against the outer periphery of the arch support such that the hole lies adjacent the arch support, and clamping the sheet to the arch support with a clamping element having a pair of arms, by passing one arm of the clamping element through the sheet from inside the tunnel and clamping the sheet and the arch support between the two arms of the clamping element.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising a step of securing the lining sheet to the arch support within a shield.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein two sheets are secured to an arch support by each clamping element, one sheet extending forwardly of the arch support and one sheet extending rearwardly of the arch support, the holes of the sheets being aligned such a clamping element clamps both sheets to the arch support.
4. A method as claimed in any preceding claim comprising the step of forcing the clamping element into engagement with the sheet and the arch support and holding the sheet in position by frictional engagement of the arms with the sheet and the associated arch support.
5. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the clamping element comprises abutment means for engaging an edge remote from the arch support of an associated hole, which method comprises the further steps of forcing the arms of the clamping element into engagement with the sheet and the arch support until the abutment means engages the edge of the hole remote from the arch support.
6. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the or each sheet has at least two holes formed therein, which method comprises the step of securing each sheet to an associated arch support by at least two clamping elements.
7. Roof support apparatus built by a method as claimed in any preceding claim.
8. Support apparatus comprising plurality of arch supports spaced equidistantly one from another, lining sheets extending between and lying against the outer periphery of the arch supports, each lining sheet having at least one hole formed therein, the or each hole lying adjacent an arch support, and claiming elements each having a pair of arms and each clamping an associated sheet and an associated arch support between the two arms.
9. Roof support apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein each clamping element comprises abutment means engaging the edge of the hole remote from an associated arch support.
10. Roof support apparatus as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9 wherein the arms of each clamping element each have a raised portion facing towards the other arm such that one arm has substantially point contact with a lining sheet and the other arm has substantially point contact with an inside surface of an associated arch support.
11. Roof support apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 10 wherein each arch support has a flange extending around the periphery thereof and lying parallel to the axis of the tunnel.
12. Roof support apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein the flange extends on both sides of a central web and tapers from the web to the free edges of the flange.
13. Roof support apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 to 3 and Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
14. Roof support apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 to 3 and Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
14. A clamping element also substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 to 3 or Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings for roof support apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 13.
New Claims or Amendments to Claims filed on 23
September 1980.
Superseded Claims 7 to 14.
New or Amended Claims:
7. A method of securing a lining sheet to an arch support substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
8. Roof support apparatus built by a method as claimed in any preceding claim.
9. Roof support apparatus comprising plurality of arch supports spaced equidistantly one from another, lining sheets extending between and lying against the outer periphery of the arch supports, each lining sheet having at least one hole formed therein, the or each hole lying adjacent an arch support, and claiming elements each having a pair of arms and each clamping an associated sheet and an associated arch support between the two arms.
10. Roof support apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein each clamping element comprises abutment means engaging the edge of the hole remote from an associated arch support.
11. Roof support apparatus as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10 wherein the arms of each clamping element each have a raised portion facing towards the other arm such that one arm has substantially point contact with a lining sheet and the other arm has substantially point contact with an inside surface of an associated arch support.
12. Roof support apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11 wherein each arch support has a flange extending around the periphery thereof and lying parallel to the axis of the tunnel.
1 3. Roof support apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein the flange extends on both sides of a central web and tapers from the web to the free edges of the flange.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7931195A GB2058170B (en) | 1979-09-07 | 1979-09-07 | Roof support apparatus for tunnels or shafts |
| GB8028998A GB2057539A (en) | 1979-09-07 | 1980-09-08 | Improvements in clamping elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7931195A GB2058170B (en) | 1979-09-07 | 1979-09-07 | Roof support apparatus for tunnels or shafts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2058170A true GB2058170A (en) | 1981-04-08 |
| GB2058170B GB2058170B (en) | 1982-12-22 |
Family
ID=10507696
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7931195A Expired GB2058170B (en) | 1979-09-07 | 1979-09-07 | Roof support apparatus for tunnels or shafts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2058170B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2126270A (en) * | 1982-08-04 | 1984-03-21 | Pandrol Ltd | Clamping sheet material to an elongate support member |
-
1979
- 1979-09-07 GB GB7931195A patent/GB2058170B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2126270A (en) * | 1982-08-04 | 1984-03-21 | Pandrol Ltd | Clamping sheet material to an elongate support member |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2058170B (en) | 1982-12-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |